The Integration of Problem Based Learning Model on Indonesian Language E-Modules

There are still many teachers who have difficulty using technology to develop teaching materials that can facilitate students' learning. This has an impact on student learning outcomes are low. This study aims to develop E-module with problem-based learning model. This type of research is development using the ADDIE model. The subject of the expert test consisted of 3 people, namely 1 subject expert, 1 learning design expert, and 1 learning media expert. The product trial subjects consisted of 9 students. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The instrument used in collecting data is a questionnaire. The technique used to analyze the data is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of the study were the assessment given by the subject matter expert, which was 96.47 (very good). The assessment of learning design experts is 93.33% (very good). The assessment of learning media experts is 97.5% (very good).Individual trial results, that is 95.53% (very good), and the result of small group trial is 95.53% (very good). It can be concluded that E-modules with problem-based learning models are valid and feasible to be applied in the learning process. The implication of this research is that the E-module with the PBL model can be used by teachers in learning.

Relationship Between Heart Rate, Oxygen Consumption, and Energy Expenditure in Futsal

The primary aim of this study was to compare the measured oxygen consumption (Measured-VO2) in a simulated futsal game (S-Game) with the estimated oxygen consumption (Estimated-VO2) through a regression equation between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) (HR-VO2) in treadmill running, and a secondary aim was to calculate the total energy expenditure (EE) in S-Game. Ten professional players (22.20 ± 3.22 years) were evaluated. HR-VO2 was determined individually in the continuous test on the treadmill (ContTest). The Measured-VO2 in S-Game was compared with the Estimated-VO2 in the ContTest. Alactic and lactic pathways were estimated by VO2. The Estimated-VO2 presented no statistically significant difference with the Measured-VO2, using the paired t-test (p = 0.38). However, the correlation between Estimated- and Measured-VO2 was very weak (r = −0.05), and it presented poor agreement (concordance correlation coefficient = −0.04). In addition, a Bland–Altman plot presented bias of −2.8 ml/kg/min and individual difference as large as 19 ml/kg/min. The HR-VO2 determined by the ContTest was not a good individual predictor of VO2. The high intensity and intermittent nature of the futsal game possibly caused dissociation in the HR-VO2 relationship. ContTest is not recommended for estimating VO2 and calculating individual EE in the futsal game. This is recommended only for the group mean. The total EE in S-Game was 13.10 ± 1.25 kcal.min−1 (10.81 ± 1.57 metabolic equivalents). The contributions from the metabolic pathways were as follows: aerobic (93%), alactic (5%), and lactic (2%).

CURB-65, HYPOXEMIA AS SEVERITY PREDICTORS AND FEMALE GENDER AS POOR OUTCOME INDICATOR IN COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA (CAP)

BACKGROUND - CAP is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, so early prediction of severity and outcome is required for further management of CAP patients. OBJECTIVES - To assess the severity of CAP by using CURB-65 scoring system and status of hypoxemia in the patients who presented in emergency and outpatient department and gender specic outcome in the patients who are admitted in inpatient department. METHODOLOGY - A prospective, observational study which included all adults attending the EMD, OPD and admitted in IPD fullling the inclusion criteria. RESULTS - Out of 47 males and 23 female (total 70) patients admitted through EMD or OPD, 56 patient (80%) had low CURB score, 63 patients (90%) had hypoxemia, 53 patients (75%) presented with age of more than 65 years, 50% (7 out of 14) patients with high CURB-65 were confused. 13 out of 23 females (56%) patients had less stability and longer hospital stay as compared to 12 out of 47 male (26%) patients. CONCLUSION - CURB-65 scoring system was not adequately helpful in deciding the severity and further management while hypoxemia and age emerged as good individual predictors for severity of CAP while female gender was associated with poor outcome and longer hospital stay. Hypoxemia even with low CURB-65 score helped in severity assessment and ICU admission.

Methods and tools of the rehabilitation process in a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in the evolutionary age: continuity hospital - territory

Background: An analysis of the situation of the Piedmont Region and Italy shows a lack of continuity of care due to the difficulties of communication, the fragmentation and incorrect timing of the interventions, the development of ultraspecialized skills and a lack of organizational models. However, program sharing and coordination of interventions are essential for the practical implementation of the rehabilitation, especially in pediatric physiotherapy. Purpose and Objective: Aim of the study is the continuity of care (hospital-territory) for children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, in order to achieve a good individual and family compliance in the rehabilitation programme and greater levels of autonomy. This study uses a figure to link the two realities and telerehabilitation. Methods: The project was divided into a first phase, the intensive hospitalization and a second phase, the return to the home withrehabilitation, trainingeducational and organizational interventions. The graduand student has been identified as a point of reference and a “bridge” between the two realities. A web page with “Google Forms” customized for children was created in order to increase compliance and motivation of patients and family. Questionnaires were administered to families, children and healthcare to check the methods and tools used in the study. Results: At the end of the study the rehabilitative intervention was assessed by scales and test scores, and improvements have been achieved. The organizational intervention (web page and hospital and communuty continuity mode), evaluated through questionnaires, has been postively assessed by those who took part in this project. Hospital-Territory continuity is a crucial and important moment for patients: having a physiotherapist who acts as a trait d’union is essential as is the use of telerehabilitation for monitoring and maintaining the autonomy of these children. Conclusions: Continuity of care is still operator-dependent; in rehabilitation this is a crucial and important time, as evidenced by the project. In order to support patients and their families and facilitate positive outcome it would be really important to have a reference organizational model and a referent physiotherapist who represents an interface between the various players in the socio-medical system The problem remains open and each route has its own story.

Pendidikan Kesehatan Gizi Seimbang pada Balita

Health education is an activity to provide and increase knowledge, good individual, group or community attitudes to maintain and improve their own health Health education on balanced nutrition in toddlers can provide more knowledge about nutrition to parents in order to prevent malnutrition in children under five is a health problem that can affect child development to adulthood, it is very important for parents to understand the dangers of malnutrition and how to prevent it by providing a balanced nutritional diet. The method of implementing Ibm is carried out by the lecture method, and the discussion using lealets while the outcome obtained is the increased awareness and knowledge of parents about balanced nutrition for toddlers in Sutapranan Village. The output obtained was the presence of health education media on balanced nutrition in PKK activities in Sutapranan Village.

Developing a new individual earthquake resilience questionnaire: A reliability and validity test

Earthquakes pose serious threats to the world. Good individual resilience can cope with disaster well, but there were few appropriate assessment tools. The purpose of this study was to develop a new individual earthquake resilience questionnaire and test its reliability and validity. First, we built the framework of the individual earthquake resilience questionnaire based on expert interviews. Then, we established the initial version of questionnaire and used the Delphi method and item selection to modify it by qualitative and quantitative methods. Finally, we built the final version of questionnaire (contained 4 dimensions and 17 items) and tested the reliability and validity. The Cronbach’s α values of the four dimensions were between 0.79 and 0.91, the split-half reliabilities were between 0.85 and 0.93, and the test-retest reliabilities were between 0.72 and 0.80. The item content validity indexes were between 0.87–1, and the average questionnaire content validity index was 0.94. The correlation coefficients between each item and dimension with the total questionnaire ranged from 0.79–0.90 and 0.66–0.79, respectively. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 74.97%. The questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to measure individual resilience in the context of earthquake disasters.

Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Kandungan Alkohol Pada Kosmetik

Perception is an individual response about something that can be influenced by knowledge. Good individual knowledge of alcohol will affect their perception of alcohol-containing product. The MUI fatwa permits the use of alcohol in cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to observe the perception of alcohol content in cosmetics. The observation was carried out using a questionnaire technique with a nonprobability sampling technique with accidental sampling. The questionnaire was conducted by Pearson correlation test, validity test, reliability test, normality test, chi-square test, and description. In this study, using 98 respondents and get an average value of knowledge about cosmetics 6,73 with SD value of 0,49; knowledge of alcohol 4,54 with SD 1,17 and behavior with SD 1,46. There is a relationship between age with the level of cosmetic knowledge with p-value <0.05. As many as 46.94% stated, the halal label's urgency on cosmetics is very important and 39.80% is important, where the religion of the individual influences the urgency level of cosmetics halal. The urgency of halal labels on cosmetics is high in line with the behavior when buying cosmetics. The 81.63% of respondents stated that halal labels on cosmetic products affect the interest in buying cosmetics. As many as 61.24% of respondents have the perception that halal cosmetics do not contain alcohol. The Pearson halal label correlation test confirms this obtained a p-value value of 0.024 that the halal label influences respondents' perceptions. Individuals were having a perception that cosmetics with halal labels do not contain alcohol, which is influenced by halal labels' knowledge.

the conundrum in the collective indian psyche regarding teaching philosophy in schools

India now constitutes approximately 17% of the world’s population and has a high proportion of younger people. Philosophy for school children aims to create better citizens of the future. In this article, I establish the need to teach philosophy to children in schools, especially in India. Subsequently, I discuss the readiness of Indians to accept philosophy in the school curriculum, their conundrum in understanding the need for philosophy in a school setting, and the East-West dilemma concerning the teaching of philosophy in schools. The concept of self-realization is important in education. Socrates claimed that an unexamined life is not worth living. However, the self-realization concept of the West differs from that in India. While the former perceives self-realization as a way to construct a good individual, the latter has always emphasized the cessation of the individual and focused on the incomprehensible truth human languages cannot capture. Western philosophy is concerned with questioning, inquiry, and the problems of philosophy. The East is concerned with bringing such questioning to an end. Matthew Lipman focuses on increasing curiosity, accelerating the thinking process, teaching logic and formal reasoning, and the intellectual enhancement of children. Indian philosophy, yoga, and meditation are all concerned with the cessation of consciousness. The key question concerns the approach one may choose to adopt in teaching philosophy – accelerating or decelerating the thought processes of children? Indian parents are the primary decision-makers in their children’s education, and sometimes throughout their careers and lives. Unless clarity emerges in the Indian and global community regarding this issue, there is no clear starting point for teaching philosophy to children in India. This article aims to raise critical awareness among global citizens regarding this conundrum in the collective Indian psyche. Unless the world’s psyche is inserted into the place of the Indian psyche, the great barrier between the West and the East regarding philosophy in the school curriculum cannot be bridged.

Heterogeneous groups cooperate in public good problems despite normative disagreements about individual contribution levels

Norms can promote human cooperation to provide public goods. Yet, the potential of norms to promote cooperation may be limited to homogeneous groups in which all members benefit equally from the public good. Individual heterogeneity in the benefits of public good provision is commonly conjectured to bring about normative disagreements that harm cooperation. However, the role of these normative disagreements remains unclear because they are rarely directly measured or manipulated. In a laboratory experiment, we first measure participants’ views on the appropriate way to contribute to a public good with heterogeneous returns. We then use this information to sort people into groups that either agree or disagree on these views, thereby manipulating group-level disagreement on normative views. Participants subsequently make several incentivized contribution decisions in a public goods game with peer punishment. We find that although there are considerable disagreements about individual contribution levels in heterogeneous groups, these disagreements do not impede cooperation. While cooperation is maintained because low contributors are punished, participants do not use punishment to impose their normative views on others. The contribution levels at which groups cooperate strongly relate to the average normative views of these groups.

Dentists Are at a Higher Risk for Oral Helicobacter pylori Infection

Oral cavity has been taken as one of the major reservoirs for Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria responsible for gastric infection and cancers. Dentists are frequently exposed to saliva; thus, theoretically, they are at a higher risk for oral H. pylori infection. In the present study, to test this hypothesis and to find out the potential factors associated with the increased risk, a cross-sectional study was carried out on a large scale of dentists (N=90) and nondentist controls (N=110). By using nested polymerase chain reaction to amplify a specific DNA fragment of H. pylori, we found 7.27% of saliva samples from the nondentist group and 16.67% of saliva samples from the dentist group were oral H. pylori positive, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.292, p=0.038). Importantly, however, after stratifying enrolled subjects with factors which might interfere with the comparison of H. pylori detection rate between groups, we still observed a higher H. pylori frequency in the dentists than that in the controls in subgroups, including those with good individual hygiene, healthy lifestyle, and physical condition, as well as those living with families to be gastric disease free and not sharing meals with H. pylori-positive persons, respectively. Moreover, the frequency of clinical practice per week of the investigated dentists was closely associated with an oral H. pylori infection risk. Our data indicates that dentists are at a higher risk for H. pylori infection, and intensive attention needs to be paid on this issue.