scholarly journals E-cadherin regulates the stability and transcriptional activity of β-catenin in embryonic stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinjini Bhattacharyya ◽  
Ridim D Mote ◽  
Jacob Freimer ◽  
Surya Bansi Singh ◽  
Sandhya Arumugam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Cell State ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Exact Function ◽  
A Cell ◽  
E Cadherin

E-CADHERIN is abundantly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and plays an important role in the maintenance of cell-cell adhesions. However, the exact function of this molecule beyond cell adhesion, in the context of cell fate decisions is largely unknown. Using mouse ESCs (mESCs), we demonstrate that E-CADHERIN and β-CATENIN interact at the membrane and continue to do so upon internalization within the cell. Knockout of the gene encoding E-CADHERIN, Cdh1, in mESCs resulted in a failure to form tight colonies, accompanied by altered expression of differentiation markers, and retention of pluripotency factor expression during differentiation. Interestingly, Cdh1-/- mESCs showed a dramatic reduction in β-CATENIN levels. Transcriptional profiling of Cdh1-/- mESCs displayed a significant alteration in the expression of a subset of β-CATENIN targets, in a cell-state dependent manner. While treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor against GSK3β could rescue levels of β-CATENIN in Cdh1-/- mESCs, expression of downstream targets were altered in a context-dependent manner, indicating an additional layer of regulation within this subset. Together, our results reveal the existence of a cell-state-dependent regulation of β-CATENIN and its transcriptional targets in an E-CADHERIN dependent manner. Our findings hint at hitherto unknown roles played by E-CADHERIN in regulating the activity of β-CATENIN in ESCs.

scholarly journals Rho Kinases Regulate the Renewal and Neural Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells in a Cell Plating Density–Dependent Manner

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e9187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ching Chang ◽  
Yen-Chung Chen ◽  
Ming-Hua Yang ◽  
Chien-Hung Chen ◽  
En-Wei Hsing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Plating Density ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Rho Kinases ◽  
Cell Plating

scholarly journals E-Cadherin Acts as a Regulator of Transcripts Associated with a Wide Range of Cellular Processes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e21463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Soncin ◽  
Lisa Mohamet ◽  
Sarah Ritson ◽  
Kate Hawkins ◽  
Nicoletta Bobola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
E Cadherin

scholarly journals Lipid rafts integrity is essential for the prolactin-induced mitogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Karouzaki ◽  
Charoula Peta ◽  
Emmanouella Tsirimonaki ◽  
George Leondaritis ◽  
Kostas Vougas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Dependent Manner

Embryonic stem cells, ESCs, retain the capacity to self-renew, yet, the protein machinery essential in maintaining this undifferentiated status remains largely undefined. Signalling interactions are initiated and enhanced at the plasma membrane lipid rafts, within constrains and regulation applied by the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton systems. First, we undertook a comprehensive approach using twodimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis combined with Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses at the single cell level to compile the proteome profile of detergentfree preparations of lipid rafts of E14 mouse embryonic stem cells. In comparison with the proteomic profiles of other membrane fractions, recovery of actin and tubulin network proteins, including folding chaperones, was impressively high. At equally high frequency we detected annexins, pleiotropic proteins that may bind membrane lipids and actin filaments to regulate important membrane processes, and we validated their expression in lipid rafts. Next, we tested whether lipid raft integrity is required for completion of mitogenic signalling pathways. Disruption of the rafts with the cholesterol sequestering methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) greatly downregulated the mitotic index of ESCs, in a dose- and time of exposure-dependent manner. Moreover, MCD greatly reduced the mitogenic actions of prolactin, a hormone known to stimulate proliferation in a great variety of stem and progenitor cells. Taken together, our data postulate that lipid rafts in ESCs are in close association with the actin and tubulin cytoskeletons to support signal compartmentalization, especially for signalling pathways pertinent to symmetric divisions for self-renewal.

scholarly journals Cell-autonomous differentiation of human primed embryonic stem cells into trophoblastic syncytia through the nascent amnion-like cell state

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Ohgushi ◽  
Mototsugu Eiraku
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell State ◽  
Transient Population ◽  
Post Implantation

Human primed embryonic stem cells (pESCs) are known to be converted to cells with several trophoblast properties, but it has remained controversial whether this phenomenon represents the inherent differentiation competence of human pESCs to trophoblast lineages. In this study, we report that chemical blockage of ACTIVIN/NODAL and FGF signals is sufficient to steer human pESCs into GATA3-expressing cells that give rise to hormone-producing syncytia analogous to syncytiotrophoblasts of the post-implantation stage of the human embryo. Taking advantage of this system, we identified two distinct modes of cell-autonomous genetic programs and their coordinated actions to initiate the differentiation. We also found a transient population reminiscent of nascent amnion and then a spontaneous branch of differentiation trajectory leading to syncytiotrophoblast-like syncytial cells. These results provide insights into the possible extraembryonic differentiation pathway that is unique in primate embryogenesis and is relevant to the trophoblast competence of human primed pluripotent stem cells.

scholarly journals MOV10 facilitates messenger RNA decay in an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) dependent manner to maintain the mouse embryonic stem cells state

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Mehravar ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Moshe Olshansky ◽  
Dhiru Bansal ◽  
Craig Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mrna Decay ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leukaemia Virus

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most predominant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, recognised by its reader proteins (so-called m6A-readers) for regulating subsequent mRNA fates, such as splicing, export, localisation, decay, stability, and translation to control several biological processes. Although a few m6A-readers have been identified, yet the list is incomplete. Here, we identify a new m6A-reader protein, Moloney leukaemia virus 10 homologue (MOV10), in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). MOV10 recognises m6A-containing mRNAs with a conserved GGm6ACU motif. Mechanistic studies uncover that MOV10 facilitates mRNA decay of its bound m6A- containing mRNAs in an m6A-dependent manner within the cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies). Furthermore, MOV10 decays the Gsk-3beta mRNA through m6A that stabilises the BETA-CATENIN expression of a WNT/BETA-CATENIN signalling pathway to regulate downstream NANOG expression for maintaining the mESC state. Thus, our findings reveal how a newly identified m6A-reader, MOV10 mediates mRNA decay via m6A that impact embryonic stem cell biology.

Embryonic Stem Cells as a Cell Source for Tissue Engineering

2007 ◽  
pp. 445-458
Author(s):  
Ali Khademhosseini ◽  
Jeffrey M. Karp ◽  
Sharon Gerecht ◽  
Lino Ferreira ◽  
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals Following Embryonic Stem Cells, Their Differentiated Progeny, and Cell-State Changes During iPS Reprogramming by Raman Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (22) ◽  
pp. 14915-14923
Author(s):  
Arno Germond ◽  
Yulia Panina ◽  
Mikio Shiga ◽  
Hirohiko Niioka ◽  
Tomonobu M. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell State ◽  
State Changes
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