scholarly journals A vibrissa pathway that activates the limbic system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kleinfeld ◽  
Martin Deschenes ◽  
Michaël Elbaz ◽  
Amalia Callado Perez ◽  
Conrad Foo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Trigeminal Nuclei ◽  
Rodent Behavior ◽  
Controlling Behavior

Vibrissa sensory inputs play a central role in driving rodent behavior. These inputs transit through the sensory trigeminal nuclei, which give rise to the ascending lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways. While lemniscal projections are somatotopically mapped from brain stem to cortex, those of the paralemniscal pathway are more widely distributed. Yet the extent and topography of paralemniscal projections are unknown, along with the potential role of these projections in controlling behavior. Here we used viral tracers to map paralemniscal projections. We find that this pathway broadcasts vibrissa-based sensory signals to brain stem regions that are involved in the regulation of autonomic functions and to forebrain regions that are involved in the expression of emotional reactions. We further provide evidence that GABAergic cells of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus gate trigeminal sensory input in the paralemniscal pathway via a mechanism of presynaptic or extrasynaptic inhibition.

Specific Interventions and the Role of Occupational Therapy on Children With ASD

2022 ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
Silvia-Raluca Matei ◽  
Damian Mircea Totolan ◽  
Claudia Salceanu
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Attention Span ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Sensory Activities

Occupational therapy focuses on children's sensory processing and modulation. This chapter approaches specific interventions on children with ASD from several perspectives. OT is based on sensory integrative approach when working with children with ASD: helping parents understand their child's behavior, helping children organize responses to sensory input. The sensory integrative approach is a formulated activity plan that helps people who haven't been able to develop their own sensory recognition program. This plan allows a child to integrate all sorts of different sensory activities in their day so they can engage in and begin to work with a wide variety of sensory inputs. This provides a wide number of benefits. Their focus and attention span increases because they won't have meltdowns from trying to process too much information; sensory integrative approach helps to rebuild/reform the child's nervous system. This allows them to physically handle more sensory input. As a result, OT has been proven effective in working with children with ASD.

Paper 22: Experimental Studies on the Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Movement

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (10) ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
E. M. Sedgwick
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Inferior Olive ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Influence Activity

When the basal ganglia are damaged by disease processes in man, various disorders of movement occur. In order to control movement the basal ganglia must have a sensory input and in the absence of direct connections to motoneurones or motor cortex they must act through intermediate structures. The experiments, on cats, demonstrate: (1) which sensory inputs reach the caudate nucleus and how they influence activity of the neurones there; (2) the effect of the output from the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus on the neurones of the inferior olive and reticular formation. The results are discussed with respect to the control of movement.

scholarly journals Superior Colliculus Control of Vibrissa Movements

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1245-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Hemelt ◽  
Asaf Keller
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Mystacial Vibrissae ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study tested the role of the superior colliculus in generating movements of the mystacial vibrissae—whisking. First, we compared the kinematics of whisking generated by the superior colliculus with those generated by the motor cortex. We found that in anesthetized rats, microstimulation of the colliculus evoked a sustained vibrissa protraction, whereas stimulation of motor cortex produced rhythmic protractions. Movements generated by the superior colliculus are independent of motor cortex and can be evoked at lower thresholds and shorter latencies than those generated by the motor cortex. Next we tested the hypothesis that the colliculus is acting as a simple reflex loop with the neurons that drive vibrissa movement receiving sensory input evoked by vibrissa contacts. We found that most tecto-facial neurons do not receive sensory input. Not only did these neurons not spike in response to sensory stimulation, but field potential analysis revealed that subthreshold sensory inputs do not overlap spatially with tecto-facial neurons. Together these findings suggest that the superior colliculus plays a pivotal role in vibrissa movement—regulating vibrissa set point and whisk amplitude—but does not function as a simple reflex loop. With the motor cortex controlling the whisking frequency, the superior colliculus control of set point and amplitude would account for the main parameters of voluntary whisking.

Trigeminal and chemoreceptor contributions to bradycardia during voluntary dives in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. R814-R822 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. McCulloch ◽  
G. P. Ollenberger ◽  
L. K. Bekar ◽  
N. H. West
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Trigeminal Nuclei ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Glutamate Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Additional Spectrum

This study investigates the importance of chemoreceptive and trigeminal information during voluntarily initiated diving in rats. The heart rate responses to simulated diving are unaffected by chemoreceptor drive [McCulloch, P.F., and N. H. West. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 32): R1049-R1056, 1992] but are reversibly eliminated by infusion of glutamate receptor antagonists into the spinal trigeminal nuclei [McCulloch, P. F., I. A. Paterson, and N. H. West. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 38): R669-R677, 1995]. To investigate the role of chemoreceptor drive in conscious dives, rats were made hypercapnic, hyperoxic, or hypoxic predive. The role of trigeminal input was explored by infusing the glutamatergic antagonists D-2-amino-7-phosphoheptanoic acid and 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione into the region of the trigeminal nuclei. The alteration of arterial blood gases predive had no effect on diving bradycardia. Trigeminal blockade reduced the intensity of the bradycardia but did not abolish it. Chemoreceptor input does not play a significant role in determining heart rate during conscious diving in rats. The attenuation, rather than abolition, of bradycardia on trigeminal blockade suggests either that we achieved incomplete blockade or that an additional spectrum of sensory inputs not present in simulated diving is important in determining the underwater heart rate during conscious diving in rats.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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