scholarly journals Mechanics of Live Cell Elimination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Monfared ◽  
Guruswami Ravichandran ◽  
José E. Andrade ◽  
Amin Doostmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Field Model ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Orientation Field ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

Cell layers eliminate unwanted cells through the extrusion process, which underlines healthy versus flawed tissue behaviors. Although several biochemical pathways have been identified, the underlying mechanical basis including the forces involved in cellular extrusion remain largely unexplored. Utilizing a phase-field model of a three-dimensional cell layer, we study the interplay of cell extrusion with cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, in a monolayer. Independent tuning of cell-cell versus cell-substrate adhesion forces in the model reveals that a higher cell-substrate adhesion leads to a lower number of total extrusion events. We find extrusion events to be linked to both half-integer topological defects in the orientation field of the cells and to five-fold disclinations in cellular arrangements. We also show that increasing the relative cell-cell adhesion forces translates into a higher likelihood for an extrusion event to be associated with a five-fold disclination and a weaker correlation with +1/2 topological defects. We unify our findings by accessing mechanical stress fields: an extrusion event acts as a mechanism to relieve localized stress concentration.

scholarly journals The interplay of cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion in collective cell migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (100) ◽  
pp. 20140684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenlu Wang ◽  
Sagar Chowdhury ◽  
Meghan Driscoll ◽  
Carole A. Parent ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Contacts ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

Collective cell migration often involves notable cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesions and highly coordinated motion of touching cells. We focus on the interplay between cell–substrate adhesion and cell–cell adhesion. We show that the loss of cell-surface contact does not significantly alter the dynamic pattern of protrusions and retractions of fast migrating amoeboid cells ( Dictyostelium discoideum ), but significantly changes their ability to adhere to other cells. Analysis of the dynamics of cell shapes reveals that cells that are adherent to a surface may coordinate their motion with neighbouring cells through protrusion waves that travel across cell–cell contacts. However, while shape waves exist if cells are detached from surfaces, they do not couple cell to cell. In addition, our investigation of actin polymerization indicates that loss of cell-surface adhesion changes actin polymerization at cell–cell contacts. To further investigate cell–cell/cell–substrate interactions, we used optical micromanipulation to form cell–substrate contact at controlled locations. We find that both cell-shape dynamics and cytoskeletal activity respond rapidly to the formation of cell–substrate contact.

Cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion molecules

Pathology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
M.A. Vadas ◽  
J.R. Gamble ◽  
Y. Khew-Goodall ◽  
P. Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

Modulation of epidermal differentiation by epiligrin and integrin alpha 3 beta 1

1995 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Symington ◽  
W.G. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

We previously reported that integrin alpha 3 beta 1 mediates epidermal intercellular adhesion as well as cell-substrate adhesion. P1B5, an anti-alpha 3 beta 1 specific monoclonal antibody, is a potent in vitro trigger of epidermal cell-cell adhesion and an inhibitor of cell-substrate adhesion. We now show that P1B5 specifically induces the intercellular localization of integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1, consistent with its role in inducing intercellular adhesion via these two integrins. P1F2, another anti-alpha 3 beta 1 antibody, does not induce either intercellular adhesion or intercellular accumulation of alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1. Growth of epidermal cells in high calcium, known to induce epidermal differentiation, also induces intercellular accumulation of alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1 and increased cell-cell adhesion. We therefore asked whether P1B5 treatment induces epidermal differentiation. P1B5 treatment induces changes consistent with epidermal differentiation, including increased involucrin expression, stratification, and production of squames. P1F2 treatment has none of these effects. In vivo, epidermal basal cells are in close contact with the epithelial basement membrane component epiligrin. Growth of keratinocytes on purified epiligrin but not other matrix components specifically reduces involucrin expression by P1B5-treated keratinocytes. These results suggest that integrin alpha 3 beta 1 has a unique role in epidermal differentiation, that the epitope recognized by P1B5 is involved in triggering this differentiation, and that keratinocyte adhesion to epiligrin inhibits alpha 3 beta 1-mediated differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Contact inhibition of locomotion and mechanical cross-talk between cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion determine the pattern of junctional tension in epithelial cell aggregates

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3436-3448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Coburn ◽  
Hender Lopez ◽  
Benjamin J. Caldwell ◽  
Elliott Moussa ◽  
Chloe Yap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Contact Inhibition ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

We used a computational approach to analyze the biomechanics of epithelial cell aggregates—islands, stripes, or entire monolayers—that combines both vertex and contact-inhibition-of-locomotion models to include cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion. Examination of the distribution of cell protrusions (adhesion to the substrate) in the model predicted high-order profiles of cell organization that agree with those previously seen experimentally. Cells acquired an asymmetric distribution of basal protrusions, traction forces, and apical aspect ratios that decreased when moving from the edge to the island center. Our in silico analysis also showed that tension on cell–cell junctions and apical stress is not homogeneous across the island. Instead, these parameters are higher at the island center and scale up with island size, which we confirmed experimentally using laser ablation assays and immunofluorescence. Without formally being a three-dimensional model, our approach has the minimal elements necessary to reproduce the distribution of cellular forces and mechanical cross-talk, as well as the distribution of principal stress in cells within epithelial cell aggregates. By making experimentally testable predictions, our approach can aid in mechanical analysis of epithelial tissues, especially when local changes in cell–cell and/or cell–substrate adhesion drive collective cell behavior.

scholarly journals A Novel Dictyostelium Gene Encoding Multiple Repeats of Adhesion Inhibitor-like Domains Has Effects on Cell–Cell and Cell–Substrate Adhesion

2002 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Varney ◽  
Elisabeth Casademunt ◽  
Hoa N. Ho ◽  
Chere' Petty ◽  
Jayne Dolman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Cell

scholarly journals Biotin ligase tagging identifies proteins proximal to E-cadherin, including lipoma preferred partner, a regulator of epithelial cell–cell and cell–substrate adhesion

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Van Itallie ◽  
Amber Jean Tietgens ◽  
Angel Aponte ◽  
Karin Fredriksson ◽  
Alan S. Fanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Biotin Ligase ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Cell Substrate ◽  
Cell Substrate Adhesion ◽  
E Cadherin ◽  
Cell Cell
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