scholarly journals Primate-specific cis- and trans-regulators shape transcriptional networks during human development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Pontis ◽  
Didier Trono ◽  
Cyril Pulver ◽  
Evarist Planet ◽  
Delphine Grun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Dna Binding Sites ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Genome Activation ◽  
Early Human

The human genome contains more than 4.5 million inserts derived from transposable elements (TE), the result of recurrent waves of invasion and internal propagation throughout evolution. For new TE copies to be inherited, they must become integrated in the genome of the germline or preimplantation embryo, which requires that their source TE be expressed at these stages. Accordingly, many TEs harbor DNA binding sites for the pluripotency factors OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLFs and are transiently expressed during embryonic genome activation. Here, we describe how many primate-restricted TEs have additional binding sites for lineage-specific transcription factors driving their expression during human gastrulation and later steps of fetal development. These TE integrants serve as lineage-specific enhancers fostering the transcription, amongst other targets, of KRAB-zinc finger proteins of similar evolutionary age, which in turn corral the activity of TE-embedded regulatory sequences in an equally lineage-restricted fashion. Thus, TEs and their KZFP controllers play broad roles in shaping transcriptional networks during early human development.

Novel application of three-dimensional HDlive imaging in prenatal diagnosis from the first trimester

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritsuko Kimata Pooh ◽  
Asim Kurjak
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Early Human

AbstractRecent development of three-dimensional (3D) high definition (HD) ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses in sonoembryology. The new technology of HDlive assesses both structural and functional developments in the first trimester with greater reliably than two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound. The ability to visualize not only fetal face, hands, fingers, feet, and toes, but also amniotic membranes, is better with volumetric ultrasound than 2D ultrasound. In this article, detailed and comprehensive structures of normal and abnormal fetuses depicted by 3D HDlive are presented, including various faces of Down’s syndrome and holoprosencephaly, as well as low-set ear and finger/toe abnormalities from the first trimester. Three-dimensional HDlive further “humanizes” the fetus, enables detailed observation of the fetal face in the first trimester as shown in this article, and reveals that a small fetus is not more a fetus but a “person” from the first trimester. There has been an immense acceleration in understanding of early human development. The anatomy and physiology of embryonic development is a field where medicine exerts greatest impact on early pregnancy at present, and it opens fascinating aspects of embryonic differentiation. Clinical assessment of those stages of growth relies heavily on 3D/four-dimensional (4D) HDlive, one of the most promising forms of noninvasive diagnostics and embryological phenomena, once matters for textbooks are now routinely recorded with outstanding clarity. New advances deserve the adjective “breathtaking”, including 4D parallel study of the structural and functional early human development.

scholarly journals Opening the black box: Stem cell–based modeling of human post-implantation development

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichiro Taniguchi ◽  
Idse Heemskerk ◽  
Deborah L. Gumucio
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Early Human

Proper development of the human embryo following its implantation into the uterine wall is critical for the successful continuation of pregnancy. However, the complex cellular and molecular changes that occur during this post-implantation period of human development are not amenable to study in vivo. Recently, several new embryo-like human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)–based platforms have emerged, which are beginning to illuminate the current black box state of early human post-implantation biology. In this review, we will discuss how these experimental models are carving a way for understanding novel molecular and cellular mechanisms during early human development.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Ultrasound

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Baba
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
3D Sonography ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Made In

Abstract Significant advances have been made in recent years in clinical application of 3D sonography in both obstetrics and gynecology. Since the author pioneered the use of 3D sonography many new clinical useful techniques have been used for better visualization of early human development and for the diagnostics of many gynecological problems as well as the use of 3D in management of female infertility. In this review we are describing further development in 3D ultrasound, which should be of general interest of readers of this journal.

The effect of sleep state on electroretinographic (ERG) activity during early human development

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Peña ◽  
David Birch ◽  
Ricardo Uauy ◽  
Patricio Peirano
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Early Human Development ◽  
Early Human
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