INTEGUMENT-SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN THE MID-STAGE OF FLAX SEED DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCES THE RELEASE OF MUCILAGE AND THE SEED OIL CONTENT

ABSTRACTFlax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed oil, which accumulates in the embryo, and mucilage, which is synthesized in the seed coat, are of great economic importance for food, pharmaceutical as well as chemical industries. Theories on the link between oil and mucilage production in seeds consist in the spatio-temporal competition of both compounds for photosynthates during the very early stages of seed development. In this study, we demonstrate a positive relationship between seed oil production and seed coat mucilage extrusion in the agronomic model, flax. Three recombinant inbred lines were selected for low, medium and high mucilage and seed oil contents. Metabolite and transcript profiling (1H NMR and DNA oligo-microarrays) was performed on the seeds during seed development. These analyses showed main changes in the seed coat transcriptome during the mid-phase of seed development (25 Days Post-Anthesis), once the mucilage biosynthesis and modification processes are thought to be finished. These transcriptome changes comprised genes that are putatively involved in mucilage chemical modification and oil synthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism. The results of these integrative biology approach, suggest that transcriptional regulations of seed oil and fatty acid (FA) metabolism could occur in the seed coat during the mid-stage of seed development, once the seed coat carbon supplies have been used for mucilage biosynthesis and mechanochemical properties of the mucilage secretory cells.

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Integument-Specific Transcriptional Regulation in the Mid-Stage of Flax Seed Development Influences the Release of Mucilage and the Seed Oil Content

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10102677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2677

Author(s):

Fabien Miart ◽

Jean-Xavier Fontaine ◽

Gaëlle Mongelard ◽

Christopher Wattier ◽

Michelle Lequart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Development ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Oil Synthesis ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Seed Coat Mucilage

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed oil, which accumulates in the embryo, and mucilage, which is synthesized in the seed coat, are of great economic importance for food, pharmaceutical as well as chemical industries. Theories on the link between oil and mucilage production in seeds consist in the spatio-temporal competition of both compounds for photosynthates during the very early stages of seed development. In this study, we demonstrate a positive relationship between seed oil production and seed coat mucilage extrusion in the agronomic model, flax. Three recombinant inbred lines were selected for low, medium and high mucilage and seed oil contents. Metabolite and transcript profiling (1H NMR and DNA oligo-microarrays) was performed on the seeds during seed development. These analyses showed main changes in the seed coat transcriptome during the mid-phase of seed development (25 Days Post-Anthesis), once the mucilage biosynthesis and modification processes are thought to be finished. These transcriptome changes comprised genes that are putatively involved in mucilage chemical modification and oil synthesis, as well as gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism. The results of this integrative biology approach suggest that transcriptional regulations of seed oil and fatty acid (FA) metabolism could occur in the seed coat during the mid-stage of seed development, once the seed coat carbon supplies have been used for mucilage biosynthesis and mechanochemical properties of the mucilage secretory cells.

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Integrated Transcriptomic and Bioinformatics Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms for the Differences in Seed Oil and Starch Content Between Glycine max and Cicer arietinum

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.743680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Kun Cheng ◽

Yi-Fan Pan ◽

Lü-Meng Liu ◽

Han-Qing Zhang ◽

Yuan-Ming Zhang

Keyword(s):

Seed Development ◽

Oil Content ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Starch Content ◽

Development Stage ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Bioinformatics Analyses ◽

Oil Synthesis ◽

The Common

The seed oil and starch content of soybean are significantly different from that of chickpea. However, there are limited studies on its molecular mechanisms. To address this issue, we conducted integrated transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses for species-specific genes and acyl-lipid-, starch-, and carbon metabolism-related genes. Among seven expressional patterns of soybean-specific genes, four were highly expressed at the middle- and late oil accumulation stages; these genes significantly enriched fatty acid synthesis and carbon metabolism, and along with common acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) highly expressed at soybean middle seed development stage, common starch-degrading enzyme beta-amylase-5 (BAM5) was highly expressed at soybean early seed development stage and oil synthesis-related genes ACCase, KAS, KAR, ACP, and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) were co-expressed with WRI1, which may result in high seed oil content and low seed starch content in soybean. The common ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) was highly expressed at chickpea middle seed development stage, along with more starch biosynthesis genes co-expressed with four-transcription-factor homologous genes in chickpea than in soybean, and the common WRI1 was not co-expressed with oil synthesis genes in chickpea, which may result in high seed starch content and low seed oil content in chickpea. The above results may be used to improve chickpea seed oil content in two ways. One is to edit CaWRI1 to co-express with oil synthesis-related genes, which may increase carbon metabolites flowing to oil synthesis, and another is to increase the expression levels of miRNA159 and miRNA319 to inhibit the expression of MYB33, which may downregulate starch synthesis-related genes, making more carbon metabolites flow into oil synthesis. Our study will provide a basis for future breeding efforts to increase the oil content of chickpea seeds.

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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Developing Seeds and Silique Wall Reveals Dynamic Transcription Networks for Effective Oil Production in Brassica napus L.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20081982 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1982 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Muhammad Shahid ◽

Guangqin Cai ◽

Feng Zu ◽

Qing Zhao ◽

Muhammad Uzair Qasim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Seed Development ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Oil Accumulation ◽

Developing Seeds ◽

Oil Biosynthesis ◽

Oil Crops

Vegetable oil is an essential constituent of the human diet and renewable raw material for industrial applications. Enhancing oil production by increasing seed oil content in oil crops is the most viable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable approach to meet the continuous demand for the supply of vegetable oil globally. An in-depth understanding of the gene networks involved in oil biosynthesis during seed development is a prerequisite for breeding high-oil-content varieties. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oil crops cultivated on multiple continents, contributing more than 15% of the world’s edible oil supply. To understand the phasic nature of oil biosynthesis and the dynamic regulation of key pathways for effective oil accumulation in B. napus, comparative transcriptomic profiling was performed with developing seeds and silique wall (SW) tissues of two contrasting inbred lines with ~13% difference in seed oil content. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high- and low-oil content lines were identified across six key developmental stages, and gene enrichment analysis revealed that genes related to photosynthesis, metabolism, carbohydrates, lipids, phytohormones, transporters, and triacylglycerol and fatty acid synthesis tended to be upregulated in the high-oil-content line. Differentially regulated DEG patterns were revealed for the control of metabolite and photosynthate production in SW and oil biosynthesis and accumulation in seeds. Quantitative assays of carbohydrates and hormones during seed development together with gene expression profiling of relevant pathways revealed their fundamental effects on effective oil accumulation. Our results thus provide insights into the molecular basis of high seed oil content (SOC) and a new direction for developing high-SOC rapeseed and other oil crops.

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Elevation of soybean seed oil content through selection for seed coat shininess

Nature Plants ◽

10.1038/s41477-017-0084-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Dajian Zhang ◽

Lianjun Sun ◽

Shuai Li ◽

Weidong Wang ◽

Yanhua Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Selection For

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Emerging Functions for Cell Wall Polysaccharides Accumulated during Eudicot Seed Development

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants7040081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julien Sechet ◽

Annie Marion-Poll ◽

Helen North

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Seed Development ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Directional Growth ◽

The Matrix ◽

Macromolecular Network ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Main Components

The formation of seeds is a reproductive strategy in higher plants that enables the dispersal of offspring through time and space. Eudicot seeds comprise three main components, the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat, where the coordinated development of each is important for the correct formation of the mature seed. In addition, the seed coat protects the quiescent progeny and can provide transport mechanisms. A key underlying process in the production of seed tissues is the formation of an extracellular matrix termed the cell wall, which is well known for its essential function in cytokinesis, directional growth and morphogenesis. The cell wall is composed of a macromolecular network of polymers where the major component is polysaccharides. The attributes of polysaccharides differ with their composition and charge, which enables dynamic remodeling of the mechanical and physical properties of the matrix by adjusting their production, modification or turnover. Accordingly, the importance of specific polysaccharides or modifications is increasingly being associated with specialized functions within seed tissues, often through the spatio-temporal accumulation or remodeling of particular polymers. Here, we review the evolution and accumulation of polysaccharides during eudicot seed development, what is known of their impact on wall architecture and the diverse roles associated with these in different seed tissues.

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COBRA-LIKE2, a Member of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored COBRA-LIKE Family, Plays a Role in Cellulose Deposition in Arabidopsis Seed Coat Mucilage Secretory Cells,

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.114.240671 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 167 (3) ◽

pp. 711-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Daniela Ben-Tov ◽

Yael Abraham ◽

Shira Stav ◽

Kevin Thompson ◽

Ann Loraine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Secretory Cells ◽

Arabidopsis Seed ◽

Cellulose Deposition ◽

Seed Coat Mucilage

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Co-location of seed oil content, seed hull content and seed coat color QTL in three different environments in Brassica napus L.

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-009-0006-5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 170 (3) ◽

pp. 355-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

X. Y. Yan ◽

J. N. Li ◽

F. Y. Fu ◽

M. Y. Jin ◽

L. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Coat Color ◽

Seed Coat Color ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Hull Content ◽

Seed Hull

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Characterization of Seed, Oil, and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of an Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutant of Camelina sativa with Reduced Seed‐Coat Mucilage

Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society ◽

10.1002/aocs.12322 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 157-174

Author(s):

Richard H. Lohaus ◽

Jordan J. Zager ◽

Dylan K. Kosma ◽

John C. Cushman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Seed Coat Mucilage

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Investigation of the contribution of oil biosynthetic enzymes to seed oil content in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2013-161 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 1109-1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vesna Katavic ◽

Lin Shi ◽

Yuanyuan Yu ◽

Lifang Zhao ◽

George W. Haughn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Double Haploid ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Fatty Acyl ◽

Seed Oil Content ◽

Oil Biosynthesis ◽

Tag Biosynthesis

Katavic, V., Shi, L., Yu, Y., Zhao, L., Haughn, G. W. and Kunst, L. 2014. Investigation of the contribution of oil biosynthetic enzymes to seed oil content in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1109–1112. One of the critical reactions in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis is activation of fatty acyl chains to fatty acyl CoAs, catalyzed by long-chain acyl CoA synthetases (LACS). In Arabidopsis thaliana there is a family of nine genes that encode LACSs. Studies to determine whether the products of two of these genes, LACS8 and LACS9, function together to contribute acyl-CoAs for storage oil biosynthesis in A. thaliana resulted in discovery that it is not LACS8 but LACS1 that functionally overlaps with LACS9 in TAG biosynthesis (published in Plant Journal). To elucidate regulatory mechanisms of seed oil synthesis, the potential roles of phospholipase D zeta (PLDZ) and rhamnose synthase 2 (RHM2/MUM4) in transcription factor GLABRA2 (GL2)-mediated regulation of seed oil biosynthesis and deposition were investigated. Results demonstrated that PLDZ genes are not involved in GL2-mediated seed oil accumulation and that GL2 regulates seed oil production, at least in part, through its influence on expression of the gene RHM2/MUM4 required for the seed coat mucilage biosynthesis (published in Plant Journal). A novel Arabidopsis mutant with speckled seed coat and reduced seed oil phenotypes resulting from a mutation in a single unknown gene was identified, but attempts to isolate the gene by positional cloning have not been successful to date (unpublished results). Finally, seed oil content in near-isogenic double haploid Brassica napus lines was analyzed, “low oil” and “high oil” lines were identified, and developing seeds for expression profiling of target seed oil biosynthesis/bioassembly genes in selected double haploid lines were collected (unpublished results).

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