scholarly journals Community social vulnerability and access to medications for opioid use disorder within the continental US: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Joudrey ◽  
Marynia Kolak ◽  
Qinyun Lin ◽  
Susan Paykin ◽  
Vidal Anguiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographic Access ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Disaster Preparedness Planning

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic, like past natural disasters, was associated with significant disruptions in medications for opioid use disorder services and increased opioid overdose and mortality. We examined the association between community vulnerability to disasters and pandemics and geographic access to each of the three medications for opioid use disorder within the continental US and if this association was impacted by urban, suburban, or rural classification. We found communities with greater vulnerability did not have greater geographic access to medications for opioid use disorder and the mismatch between vulnerability and medication access was greatest in suburban communities. Rural communities had poor geographic access to all three medications regardless of vulnerability. Future disaster preparedness planning should include anticipation of access to medications for opioid use disorder and better match the location of services to communities with greater vulnerability to prevent inequities in opioid overdose deaths.

scholarly journals Suicidal motivations reported by opioid overdose survivors: A cross-sectional study of adults with opioid use disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 107612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary S. Connery ◽  
Nadine Taghian ◽  
Jungjin Kim ◽  
Margaret Griffin ◽  
Ian R.H. Rockett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Pregabalin use in HIV-infected patients with opioid dependence syndrome

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ya. Kissin ◽  
N. B. Khalezova ◽  
E. A. Gibitova ◽  
A. V. Tarnorutskaya ◽  
A. N. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Control

Te purpose of the current study was to identify an abuse potential of pregabalin in HIVinfected patients with opioid use disorder long time using pregabaline. A cross-sectional study was performed at the St. Petersburg Center for the prevention and control of HIV and infectious diseases. A cohort of 572 HIV-infected patients with opioid use disorder was examined. 96 patients (16,8% of the entire cohort) used pregabalin. 34 of them agreed to participate in the study. Te pregabalin addiction was diagnosed in 23 of 34 observed HIV-infected patients with opioid dependence. People with opioid dependence and presence of organic brain damage of various genesis (toxic exposure, neurological consequences of trauma or infection) are at risk of development of pregabalin dependence. Te use of pregabalin with for self-medication of opiod withdrawal was registered in 11 patients.

Opioid Use Disorder during Antepartum and Postpartum Hospitalizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 1467-1475
Author(s):  
Adina R. Kern-Goldberger ◽  
Yongmei Huang ◽  
Melanie Polin ◽  
Zainab Siddiq ◽  
Jason D. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Dependence ◽  
Nationwide Inpatient Sample ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Objective This study aimed to evaluate temporal trends in opioid use disorder (OUD) during antepartum and postpartum hospitalizations. Study Design This repeated cross-sectional analysis analyzed data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample. Women aged 15 to 54 years admitted antepartum or postpartum were identified. The presence of OUD was determined based on a diagnosis of opioid abuse, opioid dependence, or opioid overdose. Temporal trends in OUD were evaluated using the Rao–Scott chi-square test. Temporal trends in opioid overdose were additionally evaluated. Results An estimated 7,336,562 antepartum hospitalizations and 1,063,845 postpartum readmissions were included in this analysis. The presence of an OUD diagnosis during antepartum hospitalizations increased from 0.7% of patients in 1998 to 1999 to 2.9% in 2014 (p < 0.01) and during postpartum hospitalizations increased from 0.8% of patients in 1998 to 1999 to 2.1% of patients in 2014 (p < 0.01). Risk of overdose diagnoses increased significantly for both antepartum hospitalizations, from 22.7 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 2000 to 70.3 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2013 to 2014 (p < 0.001), and postpartum hospitalizations, from 18.8 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 1998 to 2000 to 65.2 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2013 to 2014 (p = 0.02). Discussion Risk of OUD diagnoses and overdoses increased over the study period for both antepartum and postpartum hospitalizations.

Hypogonadism in opioid using males in an inner-city cohort: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Leen Wehbeh, MD ◽  
Adrian S. Dobs, MD, MHS ◽  
Todd T. Brown, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heroin Use

Objectives: The link between male hypogonadism and opioids is well-established, but whether there is a difference in the frequency of hypogonadism between heroin and methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) has not been determined.Design: Cross-sectional.Setting, patients, and participants: Male drug users and nonusers matched for socioeconomic status between 18 and 65 years, recruited in Baltimore as part of the study of HIV, injection drug use, nutrition, and endocrinology (SHINE). Methods: Hypogonadism was defined as low free testosterone 50 pg/mL. Participants were categorized into three groups based on opioid use: (1) NONE, (2) methadone use as treatment of OUD (METHADONE), and (3) Heroin use (HEROIN). This third group was further divided to mild (MH), and heavy (HH) heroin use. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the association between hypogonadism and different groups.Results: The cohort consisted of 189 men, 94 percent black, average age 43 years, with high HIV (56 percent) and HCV (38 percent) prevalence. 24 percent had hypogonadism. Compared to NONE, there were higher odds of hypogonadism in METHADONE (aOR 3.46; 95 percent CI [1.34,8.93]; p = 0.01) but not in HEROIN. After dividing HEROIN into MH and HH, there were higher odds of hypogonadism in HH compared to NONE (aOR 3.27; 95 percent CI [1.12,9.53]; p = 0.03) but not in MH.Conclusions: Methadone used for treatment of OUD was associated with male hypogonadism similar to heavy heroin use. Targeted hypogonadism screening and treatment may be warranted in this population to reduce its health consequences such as sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, and abdominal adiposity.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of opioid involvement in non-poisoning suicide – risks and prevention opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann Mason ◽  
Sarah B. Welch ◽  
Suzanne McLone ◽  
Tami Bartell ◽  
Patrick M. Lank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Death Scene

Abstract Objective To examine prevalence, demographic, and incident factors associated with opioid-positivity in Illinois suicide decedents who died by causes other than poisoning. Method Cross-sectional study of Illinois’ suicide decedents occurring between January 2015 and December 2017. Data come from the National Violent Death Reporting System. We used Chi-square tests to compare decedent and incident circumstance characteristics by opioid toxicology screen status. Incident narratives were analyzed to obtain physical and mental health histories and circumstances related to fatal injury events. Results Of 1007 non-poisoning suicide decedents screened for opioids, 16.4% were opioid-positive. White race, age 75 and over, and widowed or unknown marital status were associated with opioid-positivity. Among opioid-positive decedents, 25% had a history of substance use disorder (SUD), 61% depression, and 19% anxiety. The majority (52%) of opioid-positive decedents died by firearm, a higher percentage than opioid-negative decedents. Conclusion The opioid overdose crisis largely has not overlapped with non-poisoning suicide in this study. Overall, our analyses have not identified additional risk factors for suicide among opioid-positive suicide decedents. However, the overlap between opioid-positivity, SUD, and physical and mental health problems found among decedents in our data suggest several suicide prevention opportunities. These include medication assisted treatment for SUD which has been shown to reduce suicide, screening for opioid/benzodiazepine overlap, and limiting access to lethal means during opioid use. Improved death scene investigations for substances and use of the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program to document prescriptions are needed to further understanding of the role of substances in non-poisoning suicide.

Buprenorphine use and disparities in access among emergency department patients with opioid use disorder: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 108405
Author(s):  
Matthew Robbins ◽  
Rachel Haroz ◽  
Anthony Mazzarelli ◽  
David Clements ◽  
Christopher W. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Department Patients

scholarly journals Recovery capital among people receiving treatment for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Beth Parlier-Ahmad ◽  
Mishka Terplan ◽  
Dace S. Svikis ◽  
Laura Ellis ◽  
Caitlin E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Recovery Capital ◽  
Support Recovery ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Recovery is a multidimensional process that includes health, quality of life, and citizenship. Recovery capital is a strengths-based concept representing the sum of an individual’s resources that support recovery. This study (1) describes recovery capital, (2) examines the relationship between recovery capital and treatment duration, and (3) assesses differences by gender in recovery capital among people receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Methods This is a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study, with survey and medical record review components, conducted with patients recruited from an office-based opioid treatment clinic between July and September 2019. Analyses included participants receiving MOUD with buprenorphine who completed the Brief Assessment of Recovery Capital (BARC-10; n = 130). Univariate analyses explored differences by gender. Multivariate linear regression assessed the relationship between BARC-10 total score and length of current treatment episode. Results Participants were 54.6% women and 67.4% Black with mean age of 42.4 years (SD = 12.3). Mean length of current MOUD treatment was 396.1 days (SD = 245.9). Total BARC-10 scores were high, but participants perceived low community-level resources. Women scored higher than men within the health and purpose recovery dimensions. While length of treatment was not associated with BARC-10 score, experiencing recent discrimination was associated with a significantly lower BARC-10 score. Conclusions Recovery capital among individuals receiving MOUD was high suggesting that participants have resources to support recovery, but gender differences and prevalent discrimination highlight areas for improved intervention. More work is needed to investigate recovery capital as an alternative treatment outcome to abstinence in outpatient MOUD populations.

scholarly journals Trends in prescription opioid use and dose trajectories before opioid use disorder or overdose in US adults from 2006 to 2016: A cross-sectional study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e1002941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Jenny Wei ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Roger Fillingim ◽  
Siegfried O. Schmidt ◽  
Almut G. Winterstein
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use
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