scholarly journals A paradox of parasite resistance: Disease-driven trophic cascades increase the cost of resistance, selecting for lower resistance with parasites than without them

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Cosens Walsman ◽  
Alexander T Strauss ◽  
Jessica Hite ◽  
Marta S Shocket ◽  
Spencer R Hall
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Trophic Cascades ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Mesocosm Experiment ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Lower Resistance ◽  
Foraging Rate ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
The Cost

Most evolutionary theory predicts that, during epidemics, hosts will evolve higher resistance to parasites that kill them. Here, we provide an alternative to that typical expectation, with an explanation centered on resource feedbacks. When resistance is costly, hosts evolve decreasing resistance without parasites, as expected. But with parasites, hosts can evolve lower resistance than they would in the absence of parasites. This outcome arises in an eco-evolutionary model when four conditions are met: first, resistance has a fecundity cost (here, via decreased foraging/exposure rate); second, resources increase during epidemics via trophic cascades; third, increased resources magnify the benefit of maintaining a fast foraging rate, thereby magnifying the cost of evolving a slower foraging/exposure rate (i.e., resistance); fourth, that amplification of the cost outweighs the benefit of resistance. When these conditions are met, hosts evolve lower resistance than without parasites. This phenomenon was previously observed in a mesocosm experiment with fungal parasites, zooplankton hosts, and algal resources. Re-analyzing this experiment produced evidence for our model's mechanism. Thus, both model and experiment indicate that, via resource feedbacks, parasites can counterintuitively select against resistance.

scholarly journals Competing Conventions with Costly Information Acquisition

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Roberto Rozzi
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Equilibrium Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stochastic Stability Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

We consider an evolutionary model of social coordination in a 2 × 2 game where two groups of players prefer to coordinate on different actions. Players can pay a cost to learn their opponent’s group: if they pay it, they can condition their actions concerning the groups. We assess the stability of outcomes in the long run using stochastic stability analysis. We find that three elements matter for the equilibrium selection: the group size, the strength of preferences, and the information’s cost. If the cost is too high, players never learn the group of their opponents in the long run. If one group is stronger in preferences for its favorite action than the other, or its size is sufficiently large compared to the other group, every player plays that group’s favorite action. If both groups are strong enough in preferences, or if none of the groups’ sizes is large enough, players play their favorite actions and miscoordinate in inter-group interactions. Lower levels of the cost favor coordination. Indeed, when the cost is low, in inside-group interactions, players always coordinate on their favorite action, while in inter-group interactions, they coordinate on the favorite action of the group that is stronger in preferences or large enough.

The Interface Between Physical Anthropology and Medical Genetics

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Charles Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
Medical Genetics ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
The 1950S

By the 1950s, revolutionary advances in the basic biological sciences began to have a significant impact on the theory, methods, scientific rigor and scope of physical anthropology. The first of these was the development of Neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory which integrated Medelian genetics, Pearsonian biometrics, evolution by mutation, drift and natural selection, and incorporated these and other genetic concepts into a unified quantitative evolutionary model.

Superbugs: How they evolve and minimize the cost of resistance

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Low ◽  
James D. Kellner ◽  
Gerard D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
The Cost

Surveying Patterns in the Cost of Resistance in Plants

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Bergelson ◽  
Colin B. Purrington
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Adaptation to the cost of resistance: a model of compensation, recombination, and selection in a haploid organism

2004 ◽  
Vol 272 (1558) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter J. Wijngaarden ◽  
Frank van den Bosch ◽  
Michael J. Jeger ◽  
Rolf F. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Description, diagnosis, prescription: a critique of the application of co-evolutionary models to natural resource management

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL JEFFREY ◽  
BRIAN S. MCINTOSH
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Community Needs

To support moves towards more sustainable modes of natural resource management, the research community has been engaged in an evaluation of paradigms, theories and methods which might provide useful and usable insights into such a complex problem set. A particularly influential family of theoretical models concerned with the processes and dynamics of species evolution has been adopted from the fields of biology and ecology. This paper scrutinizes the relevance of biological evolutionary theory to sustainable natural resource management beyond identification of the core analogy, namely that both natural resource management and ecological systems are characterized by multiple interacting elements requiring systemic interpretation. A review of the workings of co-evolutionary theory within its intellectual homeland of biology and ecology leads to a critical evaluation of its use as a descriptive model outside of these domains. Findings from this assessment identify a number of fractures in meaning as the co-evolutionary model is transferred between disciplinary fields, suggesting that the transposition has been conducted without sufficient rigour or consistency. A measured reinterpretation of the applicability of the co-evolutionary model to natural resources management is thereby undertaken. Using water management as a context, the paper posits a series of phenomena which might provide a focus for the application of the co-evolutionary model outside of biology and ecology. In conclusion, the paper argues that the research community needs to move beyond a consideration of the complex implications of co-evolutionary processes to the establishment of a firm, process-based definition of co-evolution as a type of change.

scholarly journals Selection for antibiotic resistance is reduced when embedded in a natural microbial community

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uli Klümper ◽  
Mario Recker ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Xiaole Yin ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Natural Microbial Community ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAntibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most pressing, global threats to public health. In single-species experiments selection for antibiotic resistance occurs at very low antibiotic concentrations. However, it is unclear how far these findings can be extrapolated to natural environments, where species are embedded within complex communities. We competed isogenic strains of Escherichia coli, differing exclusively in a single chromosomal resistance determinant, in the presence and absence of a pig fecal microbial community across a gradient of antibiotic concentration for two relevant antibiotics: gentamicin and kanamycin. We show that the minimal selective concentration was increased by more than one order of magnitude for both antibiotics when embedded in the community. We identified two general mechanisms were responsible for the increase in minimal selective concentration: an increase in the cost of resistance and a protective effect of the community for the susceptible phenotype. These findings have implications for our understanding of the evolution and selection of antibiotic resistance, and can inform future risk assessment efforts on antibiotic concentrations.

scholarly journals Sharing mating opportunities by coalition males in stump-tailed macaques: elucidation of ecological mechanism by diversion of PvS model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aru Toyoda ◽  
Tamaki Maruhashi ◽  
Suchinda Malaivijitnond ◽  
Hiroki Koda ◽  
Yasuo Ihara
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mathematical Simulations ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Ecological Mechanism ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Socioecological Models ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACTCooperation, or the act of benefiting others at the cost of the benefactor’s fitness, has been a central issue in evolutionary theory. Non-human animals sometimes show coalitions or male-male “cooperation” to confront a male rival and challenge the rank hierarchy. Here we observed novel types of coalitions in wild stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides); multiple males actively shared the mating opportunities, i.e., a male copulated with a female, while his ally waited his turn and guarded them. Our mathematical simulations revealed that lack of estrous signs, as well as large numbers of males in a group, possibly enhance facultative sharing of females. This is the first demonstration of the sharing of females in non-human primates., and shed light on the evolutionary theory of cooperation. Overall, our novel observations have revised the existing socioecological models in primate social systems. The characteristics of stump-tailed macaque societies now range from despotism to egalitarianism, and from monopolization of females by a dominant male to male-male coalition coupled with active sharing of mating opportunities, which increases the chances of reproductive success.

scholarly journals Cost of resistance: an unreasonably expensive concept

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lenormand ◽  
Noémie Harmand ◽  
Romain Gallet
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Cost Of Resistance ◽  
Peer Community ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis preprint has been reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Evolutionary Biology (https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.evolbiol.100052). The cost of resistance, or the fitness effect of resistance mutation in absence of the drug, is a very widepsread concept in evolutionary genetics and beyond. It has represented an important addition to the simplistic view that resistance mutations should solely be considered as beneficial mutations. Yet, this concept also entails a series of serious difficulties in its definition, interpretation and current usage. In many cases, it may be simpler, clearer, and more insightful to study, measure and analyze the fitness effects of mutations across environments and to better distinguish those effects from ‘pleiotropic effects’ of those mutations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document