scholarly journals Consonance perception in congenital amusia: behavioral and brain responses to harmonicity and beating cues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson E Graves ◽  
Agathe Pralus ◽  
Lesly Fornoni ◽  
Andrew J Oxenham ◽  
Barbara Tillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Amplitude Fluctuations ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Normal Sensitivity ◽  
Consonance And Dissonance

Congenital amusia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in the perception and production of music, including the perception of consonance and dissonance, or the judgment of certain combinations of pitches as more pleasant than others. Two perceptual cues for dissonance are inharmonicity (the lack of a common fundamental frequency between components) and beating (amplitude fluctuations produced by close, interacting frequency components). In the presence of inharmonicities or beats, amusics have previously been reported to be insensitive to inharmonicity, but to exhibit normal sensitivity to beats. In the present study, we measured adaptive discrimination thresholds in amusic participants and found elevated thresholds for both cues. We recorded EEG and measured the mismatch negativity (MMN) in evoked potentials to consonance and dissonance deviants in an oddball paradigm. The amplitude of the MMN response was similar overall for amusics and controls, but while control participants showed a stronger MMN to harmonicity cues than to beating cues, amusic participants showed a stronger MMN to beating cues than to harmonicity cues. These findings suggest that initial encoding of consonance cues may be intact in amusia despite impaired behavioral performance, but that the relative weight of non-spectral cues may be increased for amusic individuals.

scholarly journals Assessing auditory processing endophenotypes associated with Schizophrenia in individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana A. Francisco ◽  
John J. Foxe ◽  
Douwe J. Horsthuis ◽  
Danielle DeMaio ◽  
Sophie Molholm
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Adaptation Effects

AbstractBackground22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the strongest known molecular risk factor for schizophrenia. Brain responses to auditory stimuli have been studied extensively in schizophrenia and described as potential biomarkers of vulnerability to psychosis. We sought to understand whether these responses might aid in differentiating individuals with 22q11.2DS as a function of psychotic symptoms, and ultimately serve as signals of risk for schizophrenia.MethodsA duration oddball paradigm and high-density electrophysiology were used to test auditory processing in 26 individuals with 22q11.2DS (13-35 years old, 17 females) with varying degrees of psychotic symptomatology and in 26 age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls (NT). Presentation rate varied across three levels, to examine the effect of increasing demands on memory and the integrity of sensory adaptation. We tested whether N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN), typically reduced in schizophrenia, related to clinical/cognitive measures, and how they were affected by presentation rate.ResultsN1 adaptation effects interacted with psychotic symptomatology: Compared to an NT group, individuals with 22q11.2DS but no psychotic symptomatology presented larger adaptation effects, whereas those with psychotic symptomatology presented smaller effects. In contrast, individuals with 22q11.2DS showed increased effects of presentation rate on MMN amplitude, regardless of the presence of symptoms. While IQ and working memory were lower in the 22q11.2DS group, these measures did not correlate with the electrophysiological data.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the presence of two distinct mechanisms: One intrinsic to 22q11.2DS resulting in increased N1 and MMN responses; another related to psychosis leading to a decreased N1 response.

scholarly journals Magnetoencephalographic Signatures of Conscious Processing Before Birth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Moser ◽  
Franziska Schleger ◽  
Magdalene Weiss ◽  
Katrin Sippel ◽  
Lorenzo Semeia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Rule Learning ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
Auditory Oddball Paradigm

AbstractThe concept of fetal consciousness is a widely discussed topic. In this study, we applied a hierarchical rule learning paradigm to investigate the possibility of fetal conscious processing during the last trimester of pregnancy. We used fetal magnetoencephalography, to assess fetal brain activity in 56 healthy fetuses between gestational week 25 and 40, during an auditory oddball paradigm containing first- and second-order regularities. The comparison of fetal brain responses towards standard and deviant tones revealed that fetuses show signs of hierarchical rule learning, and thus the formation of a memory trace for the second-order regularity. This ability develops over the course of the last trimester of gestation, in accordance with processes in physiological brain development. On the whole, our results support the assumption that fetuses are capable of consciously processing stimuli that reach them from outside the womb.

Abnormal electrical brain responses to pitch in congenital amusia

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Peretz ◽  
Elvira Brattico ◽  
Mari Tervaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Brain Responses

scholarly journals Magnetoencephalographic Signatures of Hierarchical Rule Learning in Newborns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Moser ◽  
Franziska Schleger ◽  
Magdalene Weiss ◽  
Katrin Sippel ◽  
Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rule Learning ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
High Heart Rate ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Challenging Question ◽  
Auditory Oddball Paradigm

AbstractEstimating the extent to which newborn humans process input from their environment, especially regarding the depth of processing, is a challenging question. To approach this problem, we measured brain responses in 20 newborns with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a “local-global” auditory oddball paradigm in which two-levels of hierarchical regularities are presented. Results suggest that infants in the first weeks of life are able to learn hierarchical rules, yet a certain level of vigilance seems to be necessary. Newborns detected violations of the first-order regularity and displayed a mismatch response between 200-400ms. Violations of the second-order regularity only evoked a late response in newborns in an active state, which was expressed by a high heart rate variability. These findings are in line with those obtained in human adults and older infants suggesting a continuity in the functional architecture from term- birth on, despite the important immaturity of the human brain at this age.

Tuning in to Very Fast Events

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-134
Author(s):  
Mari Riess Jones
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Fast Time ◽  
Multiple Frequency ◽  
Complex Sound ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Virtual Pitch ◽  
Consonance And Dissonance

This chapter demonstrates that entrainment applies to very fast events, namely sounds with high frequencies. To illustrate this, prominent approaches to pitch perception are sketched along with basic pitch perception phenomena (e.g., virtual pitch perception). In this chapter, multiple frequency components comprise a single complex sound, and people must judge the pitch of this collection of frequencies. Both a successful psychoacoustic theory of pitch perception and a dynamic attending approach offer valid explanations of various phenomena surrounding the pitch of such sounds. This suggests the potential of entrainment in describing pitch perception (i.e., entrainments at fast time scales). The perception of consonance and dissonance is also considered, where dissonance is linked to complex synchronicities termed attractors. Finally, this chapter introduces oscillator clusters, a group of endogenously entrained oscillations.

Automatic Brain Responses to Pitch Changes in Congenital Amusia

2009 ◽  
Vol 1169 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Moreau ◽  
Pierre Jolicœur ◽  
Isabelle Peretz
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Amusia ◽  
Brain Responses

scholarly journals Auditory Evoked Responses in Musicians during Passive Vowel Listening Are Modulated by Functional Connectivity between Bilateral Auditory-related Brain Regions

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2750-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Kühnis ◽  
Stefan Elmer ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Musical Sounds

Currently, there is striking evidence showing that professional musical training can substantially alter the response properties of auditory-related cortical fields. Such plastic changes have previously been shown not only to abet the processing of musical sounds, but likewise spectral and temporal aspects of speech. Therefore, here we used the EEG technique and measured a sample of musicians and nonmusicians while the participants were passively exposed to artificial vowels in the context of an oddball paradigm. Thereby, we evaluated whether increased intracerebral functional connectivity between bilateral auditory-related brain regions may promote sensory specialization in musicians, as reflected by altered cortical N1 and P2 responses. This assumption builds on the reasoning that sensory specialization is dependent, at least in part, on the amount of synchronization between the two auditory-related cortices. Results clearly revealed that auditory-evoked N1 responses were shaped by musical expertise. In addition, in line with our reasoning musicians showed an overall increased intracerebral functional connectivity (as indexed by lagged phase synchronization) in theta, alpha, and beta bands. Finally, within-group correlative analyses indicated a relationship between intracerebral beta band connectivity and cortical N1 responses, however only within the musicians' group. Taken together, we provide first electrophysiological evidence for a relationship between musical expertise, auditory-evoked brain responses, and intracerebral functional connectivity among auditory-related brain regions.

Male Smokers’ Behavioral and Brain Responses to Deviant Cigarette-Related Stimuli in a Two-Choice Oddball Paradigm

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoting Liu ◽  
Joseph H. R. Maes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Response Requirement ◽  
Behavioral Difference ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Different Response

Abstract. Experimental studies on smoking and response-inhibition capacity have revealed inconsistent findings, which might be due to differences in sensitivity of the behavioral paradigms used. Here we aimed to replicate the impaired response inhibition in male smokers that was found in a previous study using a two-choice oddball task. This task enables the use of response times as index of inhibition capacity and equalizes the response requirement for the different trial types. In addition, we measured event-related brain potentials to explore the nature of the cognitive processes underlying the behavioral difference. Smokers (n = 19) and non-smokers (n = 19) were asked to make a different response to frequent standard stimuli (cigarette-unrelated pictures) than to infrequent deviant stimuli (cigarette-related pictures). Compared to non-smokers, smokers took a longer time to respond to deviant but not standard stimuli. In addition, smokers, but not non-smokers, displayed a smaller N2 amplitude to deviant than standard stimuli, and only the non-smokers showed larger P3 amplitudes to deviant compared to standard stimuli. Moreover, the response time (RT) measure was differentially correlated with N2 and P3 amplitudes in smokers and non-smokers. The joint results support the notion of deviant cognitive processes in smokers compared to non-smokers that are either directly or indirectly related to response-inhibition capacity.

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