scholarly journals COVID-19 management in social care in England: a systematic review of changing policies and newspaper reported staff perspectives.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Bertini ◽  
Leanne Bogen-Johnston ◽  
Jo Middleton ◽  
Wendy Wood ◽  
Shanu Sadhwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Guidance Needs

Adult social care has been a major focus of public attention and infection control guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a high mortality both for carers and those receiving care. To protect themselves and others from infection, staff in residential and domiciliary care settings had to quickly adapt to infection control measures that heavily impacted on their working and every-day life, whilst navigating new responsibilities, uncertainties and anxieties. We sought to explore the production and reception of guidance and look at ways these can be adapted to improve the working life of care staff in domiciliary and residential care whilst reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission amid this pandemic and of future emerging infections. We conducted two complementary and integrated systematic reviews of published documents in the pre-vaccination era: (1) National guidance for social care (conducted between 29 July to 28 October 2020), and (2) Newspaper coverage of infection control issues in social care (conducted between 27th July to 10th September 2020). Three higher order common themes emerged in the integrated systematic review of guidance documents and newspaper articles: a) Testing, b) Personal Protective Equipment, c) Employment. The reviews revealed a sharp disjunction between the content of infection control guidance and its usability and applicability in social care settings. We suggest that infection control guidance needs to be better adapted to social care settings and informed by the sector. The practicalities of care work and care settings need to be at the core of the process for guidance to be relevant and effective. Modes and timings of communications also need to be optimised.

Emergence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in San Francisco Bay Area Hospitals During 1994 to 1998

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Rosenberg ◽  
William R. Jarvis ◽  
Sharon L. Abbott ◽  
Due J. Vugia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Rapid Emergence

AbstractObjective:To determine the magnitude of van-comycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area.Design:Active laboratory-based surveillance for VRE from January 1995 through December 1996 and a laboratory-based and hospital-based questionnaire survey for 1993 to 1994 and 1997 to 1998.Setting:All 33 general acute care hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area.Participants:Laboratories and infection control professionals serving these hospitals, and staff of the California Emerging Infections Program.Results:The number of hospitals reporting 1 or more patient clinical VRE isolates was 1 (3%) in 1993, 7 (21%) in 1994, 31 (94%) in 1995, and 33 (100%) in 1996 to 1998. The number of patient isolates increased from 1 in 1993 to 24 in 1994, 176 in 1995,429 in 1996, 730 in 1997, and 864 in 1998. Most VRE isolates in 1995 and 1996 were from urine and were not associated with serious clinical disease. However, the number of isolates from blood increased from 9 (6% of total) in 1995 to 44 (12% of the total) in 1996, 90 (14%) in 1997, and 100 (13%) in 1998.Conclusions:Our data document the rapid emergence and increase of VRE in all hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area during 1994 to 1998. Infection control measures for VRE together with antibiotic utilization programs should be implemented to limit further spread.

scholarly journals Latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries: an updated systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lika Apriani ◽  
Susan McAllister ◽  
Katrina Sharples ◽  
Bachti Alisjahbana ◽  
Rovina Ruslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Increased Risk

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) and TB disease.We conducted an updated systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of LTBI in HCWs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), associated factors, and infection control practices. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science (January 1, 2005–June 20, 2017) for studies published in any language. We obtained pooled estimates using random effects methods and investigated heterogeneity using meta-regression.85 studies (32 630 subjects) were included from 26 LMICs. Prevalence of a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) was 14–98% (mean 49%); prevalence of a positive interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) was 9–86% (mean 39%). Countries with TB incidence ≥300 per 100 000 had the highest prevalence (TST: pooled estimate 55%, 95% CI 41–69%; IGRA: pooled estimate 56%, 95% CI 39–73%). Annual incidence estimated from the TST was 1–38% (mean 17%); annual incidence estimated from the IGRA was 10–30% (mean 18%). The prevalence and incidence of a positive test was associated with years of work, work location, TB contact and job category. Only 15 studies reported on infection control measures in healthcare facilities, with limited implementation.HCWs in LMICs in high TB incidence settings remain at increased risk of acquiring LTBI. There is an urgent need for robust implementation of infection control measures.

scholarly journals Adapting practice in mental healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and other contagions: systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Raphael ◽  
Rachel Winter ◽  
Katherine Berry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Background During the global COVID-19 pandemic, there has been guidance concerning adaptations that physical healthcare services can implement to aid containment, but there is relatively little guidance for how mental healthcare services should adapt service provision to better support staff and patients, and minimise contagion spread. Aims This systematic review explores service adaptations in mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic and other contagions. Method The Allied and Complementary Medicine database (AMED), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science were systematically searched for published studies from database inception to April 2020. Data were extracted focusing on changes to mental health services during contagion outbreaks. Data were analysed with thematic analysis. Results Nineteen papers were included: six correspondence/point-of-view papers, five research papers, five reflection papers, two healthcare guideline documents and one government document. Analysis highlighted four main areas for mental health services to consider during contagion outbreaks: infection control measures to minimise contagion spread, including procedural and practical solutions across different mental health settings; service delivery, including service changes, operational planning and continuity of care; staff well-being (psychological and practical support); and information and communication. Conclusions Mental health services need to consider infection control measures and implement service changes to support continuity of care, and patient and staff well-being. Services also need to ensure they are communicating important information in a clear and accessible manner with their staff and patients, regarding service delivery, contagion symptoms, government guidelines and well-being.

scholarly journals Association between Preventive Measures against Workplace Infection and Preventive Behavior against Personal Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Kawasumi ◽  
Tomohisa Nagata ◽  
Hajime Ando ◽  
Ayako Hino ◽  
Seiichiro Tateishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
Personal Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Objectives: To prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, it is necessary for each individual to adopt infection prevention behavior. We investigated the effect of infection control measures implemented in the workplace on personal infection prevention behavior. Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey through the Internet from December 22 to 25, 2020, during which period COVID-19 was spreading. Among respondents aged 20 to 65 years (n=27,036), a total of 21,915 workers were included in the analysis after excluding self-employed workers (n=2,202), workers in small/home offices (n=377), and agriculture, forestry, and fisheries workers (n=212), etc., whose personal infection prevention behavior was almost the same as infection control measures taken in the workplace. Results: The results showed that as the number of infection control measures in the workplace increased, implementation of infection prevention behavior by individuals also significantly increased. However, the relationship differed depending on the type of personal infection prevention behavior. Specifically, infection control measures against COVID-19 in the workplace may affect personal infection prevention behavior. Conclusion: Implementation of infection control measures in the workplace appears to deepen personal understanding of infection prevention behaviors, and increases awareness of the importance of individual infection prevention behavior and its implementation by all individuals. These findings may be applicable not only to COVID-19 measures but also to responses to other emerging infections and seasonal influenza.

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