Associations of infection control measures and norovirus outbreak outcomes in healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly Adams ◽  
Shenita R Peterson ◽  
Aron J Hall ◽  
Umesh Parashar ◽  
Benjamin A Lopman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Infection Control Measures

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AND DETECTION METHODS FOR THE EXTENDED‑SPECTRUM β-LACTAMASES PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Kaviyarasan G ◽  
Rajamanikandan Kcp ◽  
Sabarimuthu M ◽  
Ramya S ◽  
Arvind Prasanth D
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Drug Choice ◽  
Synergy Test

Objectives: Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is crucial for the infection control and antibiotic choice in healthcare settings. The aim of this study is to develop a standardized, inexpensive, and simple approach that is able to detect ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates.Methods: Isolates those were resistant to at least one of the three indicator cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, and ceftazidime) were tested for ESBL production using the double disc synergy test (DDST), combined disc synergy test (CDST) test and genotypic detection of the responsible gene for the ESBL.Result: From 64 isolates, 28 were resistant to cephalosporins. In 28 isolates, 23 were positive in CDST but in the DDST 18 were showing ESBL positive. 10 were positive in both CDST and DDST.Conclusion: Resistance to cephalosporins, which are the drug choice to treat mixed bacterial infections by the Enterobacteriaceae of which disseminate rapidly being plasmid mediated. Hence, it is necessary that rapid detection of ESBL should be done and immediate infection control measures should be implemented to prevent their dissemination.

Rethinking creative research methods in response to COVID-19: Creating a remote research kit

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Fleetwood-Smith
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Arts Organizations ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Creative Research

The ‘Sensing Spaces of Healthcare: Rethinking the NHS Hospital’ project involves working with National Health Service (NHS) staff, patients and visitors to explore their experiences of hospital environments. Over the course of the project, creative approaches centred on art-based and design-led practices are employed to research people’s experiences. Such approaches often involve working closely with participants during sessions. As COVID-19 infection control measures have affected in-person research, it has been necessary to develop and adopt alternative low-contact approaches. This article presents the development of a remote creative research kit designed to be used without a researcher/practitioner present. The kit has been developed through work with creative practitioners, hospital arts organizations, patient and public contributors and learning from public engagement events. The remote creative research kit has led to rethinking and reimagining the ways in which such approaches may be of benefit more broadly in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Therapeutic Outcomes of Antibiotic Regimen Against Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Yaw Effah ◽  
Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow ◽  
Clement Agboyibor ◽  
Shaohua Liu ◽  
Emmanuel Nuamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CpKP) has been implicated as an increasing threat to public health. CpKP is a ubiquitous, opportunistic pathogen that causes both hospital and community acquired infections. This organism hydrolyzes carbapenems and other β-lactams and thus, leading to multiple resistance to these antibiotics. Despite the difficult to treat nature of infections caused by CpKP, little has been discussed on the mortality, clinical response and microbiological success rates associated with various antibiotic regimen against CpKP. This meta-analysis was designed to fill the paucity of information on the clinical impact of various antibiotic therapeutic regimens among patients infected with CpKP.Materials and Methods: Literature in most English databases such as Medline through PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE, were searched for most studies published between the years 2015–2020. Data were analyzed using the R studio 2.15.2 statistical software program (metaphor and meta Package, Version 2) by random-effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model.Results: Twenty-one (21) studies including 2841 patients who had been infected with CpKP were analysed. The overall mortality rate was 32.2% (95%CI = 26.23–38.87; I2 = 89%; p-value ≤ 0.01, Number of patients = 2716). Pooled clinical and microbiological success rates were 67.6% (95%CI = 58.35–75.64, I2 = 22%, p-value = 0.25, Number of patients = 171) and 74.9% (95%CI = 59.02–86.09, I2 = 53%, p-value = 0.05, Number of patients = 121), respectively. CpKP infected patients treated with combination therapy are less likely to die as compared to those treated with monotherapy (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.35–0.87, p-value = 0.01, Number of patients = 1,475). No significant difference existed between the mortality rate among 60years and above patients vs below 60years (OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.28–2.57, p-value = 0.76, 6 studies, Number of patients = 1,688), and among patients treated with triple therapy vs. double therapy (OR = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.21–1.22, p-value = 0.13, 2 studies, Number of patients = 102). When compared with aminoglycoside-sparing therapies, aminoglycoside-containing therapies had positive significant outcomes on both mortality and microbiological success rates.Conclusion: New effective therapies are urgently needed to help fight infections caused by this organism. The effective use of various therapeutic options and the strict implementation of infection control measures are of utmost importance in order to prevent infections caused by CpKP. Strict national or international implementation of infection control measures and treatment guidelines will help improve healthcare, and equip governments and communities to respond to and prevent the spread of infectious diseases caused by CpKP.

scholarly journals COVID-19 management in social care in England: a systematic review of changing policies and newspaper reported staff perspectives.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Bertini ◽  
Leanne Bogen-Johnston ◽  
Jo Middleton ◽  
Wendy Wood ◽  
Shanu Sadhwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Guidance Needs

Adult social care has been a major focus of public attention and infection control guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a high mortality both for carers and those receiving care. To protect themselves and others from infection, staff in residential and domiciliary care settings had to quickly adapt to infection control measures that heavily impacted on their working and every-day life, whilst navigating new responsibilities, uncertainties and anxieties. We sought to explore the production and reception of guidance and look at ways these can be adapted to improve the working life of care staff in domiciliary and residential care whilst reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission amid this pandemic and of future emerging infections. We conducted two complementary and integrated systematic reviews of published documents in the pre-vaccination era: (1) National guidance for social care (conducted between 29 July to 28 October 2020), and (2) Newspaper coverage of infection control issues in social care (conducted between 27th July to 10th September 2020). Three higher order common themes emerged in the integrated systematic review of guidance documents and newspaper articles: a) Testing, b) Personal Protective Equipment, c) Employment. The reviews revealed a sharp disjunction between the content of infection control guidance and its usability and applicability in social care settings. We suggest that infection control guidance needs to be better adapted to social care settings and informed by the sector. The practicalities of care work and care settings need to be at the core of the process for guidance to be relevant and effective. Modes and timings of communications also need to be optimised.

scholarly journals Latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries: an updated systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lika Apriani ◽  
Susan McAllister ◽  
Katrina Sharples ◽  
Bachti Alisjahbana ◽  
Rovina Ruslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Increased Risk

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) and TB disease.We conducted an updated systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of LTBI in HCWs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), associated factors, and infection control practices. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science (January 1, 2005–June 20, 2017) for studies published in any language. We obtained pooled estimates using random effects methods and investigated heterogeneity using meta-regression.85 studies (32 630 subjects) were included from 26 LMICs. Prevalence of a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) was 14–98% (mean 49%); prevalence of a positive interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) was 9–86% (mean 39%). Countries with TB incidence ≥300 per 100 000 had the highest prevalence (TST: pooled estimate 55%, 95% CI 41–69%; IGRA: pooled estimate 56%, 95% CI 39–73%). Annual incidence estimated from the TST was 1–38% (mean 17%); annual incidence estimated from the IGRA was 10–30% (mean 18%). The prevalence and incidence of a positive test was associated with years of work, work location, TB contact and job category. Only 15 studies reported on infection control measures in healthcare facilities, with limited implementation.HCWs in LMICs in high TB incidence settings remain at increased risk of acquiring LTBI. There is an urgent need for robust implementation of infection control measures.

Carbapenem-ResistantEnterobacteriaceae: A Strategic Roadmap for Infection Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Deborah Friedman ◽  
Yehuda Carmeli ◽  
Aaron Lea Walton ◽  
Mitchell James Schwaber
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Preparedness Plan ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Crude Mortality

The incidence of carbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceae(CRE) has increased worldwide with great regional variability. Infections caused by these organisms are associated with crude mortality rates of up to 70%. The spread of CRE in healthcare settings is both an important medical problem and a major global public health threat. All countries are at risk of falling victim to the emergence of CRE; therefore, a preparedness plan is required to avoid the catastrophic natural course of this epidemic. Proactive and adequate preventive measures locally, regionally, and nationally are required to contain the spread of these bacteria. The keys to success in preventing the establishment of CRE endemicity in a region are early detection through targeted laboratory protocols and containment of spread through comprehensive infection control measures. This guideline provides a strategic roadmap for infection control measures based on the best available evidence and expert opinion, to enable preparation of a multifaceted preparedness plan to abort epidemics of CRE.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:580–594

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Outbreaks of Norovirus Infection in Hospitals

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Y. Lee ◽  
Sarah M. McGlone ◽  
Rachel R. Bailey ◽  
Zachary S. Wettstein ◽  
Craig A. Umscheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Johns Hopkins Hospital ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
And Control

Norovirus is highly infectious and can spread rapidly in healthcare settings, consuming resources and resulting in longer hospital stays. Although the economic impact of specific past outbreaks has been reported (eg, a 2007 outbreak of norovirus infection at Johns Hopkins Hospital cost an estimated $650,000), these costs may not be generalizable. We developed an economic computer simulation model to assist policy makers, hospital administrators, infection control professionals, and other healthcare workers in determining how much to invest in norovirus prevention and control interventions above and beyond existing infection control measures.

scholarly journals Adapting practice in mental healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and other contagions: systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Raphael ◽  
Rachel Winter ◽  
Katherine Berry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Background During the global COVID-19 pandemic, there has been guidance concerning adaptations that physical healthcare services can implement to aid containment, but there is relatively little guidance for how mental healthcare services should adapt service provision to better support staff and patients, and minimise contagion spread. Aims This systematic review explores service adaptations in mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic and other contagions. Method The Allied and Complementary Medicine database (AMED), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science were systematically searched for published studies from database inception to April 2020. Data were extracted focusing on changes to mental health services during contagion outbreaks. Data were analysed with thematic analysis. Results Nineteen papers were included: six correspondence/point-of-view papers, five research papers, five reflection papers, two healthcare guideline documents and one government document. Analysis highlighted four main areas for mental health services to consider during contagion outbreaks: infection control measures to minimise contagion spread, including procedural and practical solutions across different mental health settings; service delivery, including service changes, operational planning and continuity of care; staff well-being (psychological and practical support); and information and communication. Conclusions Mental health services need to consider infection control measures and implement service changes to support continuity of care, and patient and staff well-being. Services also need to ensure they are communicating important information in a clear and accessible manner with their staff and patients, regarding service delivery, contagion symptoms, government guidelines and well-being.

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