scholarly journals Systematic multi-level analysis of an organelle proteome reveals new peroxisomal functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eden Yifrach ◽  
Duncan Holbrook-Smith ◽  
Jérôme Bürgi ◽  
Alaa Othman ◽  
Miriam Eisenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Level Analysis

AbstractSeventy years following the discovery of peroxisomes, their proteome remains undefined. Uncovering the complete peroxisomal proteome, the peroxi-ome, is crucial for understanding peroxisomal activities and cellular metabolism. We used high- content microscopy to uncover the peroxi-ome of the model eukaryote – Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This strategy enabled us to expand the known organellar proteome by ∼40% and paved the way for performing systematic, whole-organellar proteome assays. Coupled with targeted experiments this allowed us to discover new peroxisomal functions. By characterizing the sub-organellar localization and protein targeting dependencies into the organelle, we unveiled non-canonical targeting routes. Metabolomic analysis of the peroxi-ome revealed the role of several newly-identified resident enzymes. Importantly, we found a regulatory role of peroxisomes during gluconeogenesis, which is fundamental for understanding cellular metabolism. With the current recognition that peroxisomes play a crucial part in organismal physiology, our approach lays the foundation for deep characterization of peroxisome function in health and disease.

scholarly journals Creatine in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Jeffery R. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Health And Disease

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly during metabolically stressed states, and limitations in the ability to transport and/or store creatine can impair metabolism. Moreover, increasing availability of creatine in tissue may enhance cellular metabolism and thereby lessen the severity of injury and/or disease conditions, particularly when oxygen availability is compromised. This systematic review assesses the peer-reviewed scientific and medical evidence related to creatine’s role in promoting general health as we age and how creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional strategy to help individuals recover from injury and/or manage chronic disease. Additionally, it provides reasonable conclusions about the role of creatine on health and disease based on current scientific evidence. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan.

Multi-level analysis of cultural phenomena: The role of ERPs approach to prejudice

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGUSTÍN IBÁÑEZ ◽  
ANDRÉS HAYE ◽  
RAMIRO GONZÁLEZ ◽  
ESTEBAN HURTADO ◽  
RODRIGO HENRÍQUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Analysis

Cloning and characterization of LOS1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that affects tRNA splicing

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1208-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Hurt ◽  
S S Wang ◽  
Y H Lin ◽  
A K Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Trna Gene ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Trna Splicing ◽  
Intervening Sequences ◽  
Copy Gene

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying los1-1 mutations are defective in tRNA processing; at 37 degrees C, such strains accumulate tRNA precursors which have mature 5' and 3' ends but contain intervening sequences. Strains bearing los1-1 and an intron-containing ochre-suppressing tRNA gene, SUP4(0), also fail to suppress the ochre mutations ade2-1(0) and can1-100(0) at 34 degrees C. To understand the role of the LOS1 product in tRNA splicing, we initiated a molecular study of the LOS1 gene. Two plasmids, YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1, that complement the los1-1 phenotype were isolated from the YEp24 and YCp50 libraries, respectively. YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1 had overlapping restriction maps, indicating that the DNA in the overlapping segment could complement los1-1 when present in multiple or single copy. Integration of plasmid DNA at the LOS1 locus confirmed that these clones contained authentic LOS1 sequences. Southern analyses showed that LOS1 is a single copy gene. The locations of the LOS1 gene within YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1 were determined by deletion and gamma-delta mapping. Two genomic disruptions of the LOS1 gene were constructed, i.e., an insertion of a 1.2-kilobase fragment carrying the yeast URA3 gene, los1::URA3, and a 2.4-kilobase deletion from the LOS1 gene, los1-delta V. Disruption or deletion of most of the LOS1 gene was not lethal; cells carrying the disrupted los1 alleles were viable and had phenotypes similar to those of cells carrying the los1-1 allele. Thus, it appears that the los1 gene product expedites tRNA splicing at elevated temperatures but is not essential for this process.

scholarly journals Alcohol Availability and Violence among Inner-City Adolescents: A Multi-Level Analysis of the Role of Alcohol Outlet Density

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella M. Resko ◽  
Maureen A. Walton ◽  
C. Raymond Bingham ◽  
Jean T. Shope ◽  
Marc Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Alcohol Availability ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Analysis

scholarly journals Cloning and characterization of LOS1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene that affects tRNA splicing.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1208-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Hurt ◽  
S S Wang ◽  
Y H Lin ◽  
A K Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Trna Gene ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Trna Splicing ◽  
Intervening Sequences ◽  
Copy Gene

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying los1-1 mutations are defective in tRNA processing; at 37 degrees C, such strains accumulate tRNA precursors which have mature 5' and 3' ends but contain intervening sequences. Strains bearing los1-1 and an intron-containing ochre-suppressing tRNA gene, SUP4(0), also fail to suppress the ochre mutations ade2-1(0) and can1-100(0) at 34 degrees C. To understand the role of the LOS1 product in tRNA splicing, we initiated a molecular study of the LOS1 gene. Two plasmids, YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1, that complement the los1-1 phenotype were isolated from the YEp24 and YCp50 libraries, respectively. YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1 had overlapping restriction maps, indicating that the DNA in the overlapping segment could complement los1-1 when present in multiple or single copy. Integration of plasmid DNA at the LOS1 locus confirmed that these clones contained authentic LOS1 sequences. Southern analyses showed that LOS1 is a single copy gene. The locations of the LOS1 gene within YEpLOS1 and YCpLOS1 were determined by deletion and gamma-delta mapping. Two genomic disruptions of the LOS1 gene were constructed, i.e., an insertion of a 1.2-kilobase fragment carrying the yeast URA3 gene, los1::URA3, and a 2.4-kilobase deletion from the LOS1 gene, los1-delta V. Disruption or deletion of most of the LOS1 gene was not lethal; cells carrying the disrupted los1 alleles were viable and had phenotypes similar to those of cells carrying the los1-1 allele. Thus, it appears that the los1 gene product expedites tRNA splicing at elevated temperatures but is not essential for this process.

scholarly journals Pro-biomics: Omics Technologies To Unravel the Role of Probiotics in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Eugenia Kiousi ◽  
Marina Rathosi ◽  
Margaritis Tsifintaris ◽  
Pelagia Chondrou ◽  
Alex Galanis
Keyword(s):  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

ABSTRACT The comprehensive characterization of probiotic action has flourished during the past few decades, alongside the evolution of high-throughput, multiomics platforms. The integration of these platforms into probiotic animal and human studies has provided valuable insights into the holistic effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Indeed, these methodologies have informed about global molecular changes induced in the host and residing commensals at multiple levels, providing a bulk of metagenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data. The meaningful interpretation of generated data remains a challenge; however, the maturation of the field of systems biology and artificial intelligence has supported analysis of results. In this review article, we present current literature on the use of multiomics approaches in probiotic studies, we discuss current trends in probiotic research, and examine the possibility of tailor-made probiotic supplementation. Lastly, we delve deeper into newer technologies that have been developed in the last few years, such as single-cell multiomics analyses, and provide future directions for the maximization of probiotic efficacy.

scholarly journals Physical workload, long-term sickness absence, and the role of social capital. Multi-level analysis of a large occupation cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
Eszter Török ◽  
Alice Jessie Clark ◽  
Annette Kjær Ersbøll ◽  
Jakob Bue Bjorner ◽  
Andreas Holtermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Analysis

Interoception and the autonomic nervous system: Bottom-up meets top-down

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary G. Berntson ◽  
Peter J. Gianaros ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
Historical Origins

Although the efferent role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in homeostasis has long been recognized, afferent aspects of the ANS—especially interoception—are increasingly recognized to be equally important. Interoception is fundamental to the regulation of internal physiology, particularly as it is coordinated with contextually determined and adaptive behavioral processes. A cardinal but often underappreciated feature of interoception is its role in myriad cognitive and affective processes that are integrated in health and disease. This chapter introduces the concept of interoception and outlines its historical origins and applications in multiple domains of psychology and psychobiology. It provides an overview of its peripheral and central neural substrates, and it outlines how this construct is best conceptualized within a multi-system and multi-level regulatory framework.

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