scholarly journals Social and labor stressors influencing disability in Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri M Abramov ◽  
Marjore Mastrellano Baruzzi ◽  
Renata Joviano Alvim ◽  
Ana Carolina Moda Nunes Peixoto ◽  
Victor de Souza Mannarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a controversial issue. If ADH represents a mental disorder, it must be the cause of a primary dysfunctionality and maladaptation from childhood to adult life. We will look for evidence to substantiate this discussion. We conducted an online survey about economic and academic performances and maladaptation, following a screening for ADHD using Adult Self Report Scale (ASRS). The subjects were naive. There were 2173 participants, of which 28.06% were ADH(+). Even regarding only subjects with extreme ASRS scores (<1.0 and >2.5), ADH(+) and (-) groups did not shown difference in functionality. We grouped subjects by professional career. The highest ADH(+) prevalence was found in publicity, where almost no difference in subjective suffering between the groups was observed. Our results indicate that ADH(+) people can show equivalent functionality and adaptability than ADH(-) ones when they live in their preferred labor/social niches, arguing that ADHD can be a different cognitive style with dysfunctionality and mental suffering could be secondary to social stress.

scholarly journals Reward sensitivity, affective neuroscience personality, symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and TPH2-703G/T (rs4570625) genotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Pulver ◽  
Evelyn Kiive ◽  
Jaanus Harro
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractObjective:Reward sensitivity is an increasingly used construct in psychiatry, yet its possible inner structure and relationship with other affective variables are not well known.Methods:A reward sensitivity measurement scale was constructed on the basis of large item pool collected from birth cohort representative samples (the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study; original n = 1238). Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) and the Adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were administered in young adulthood. A variant (rs4570625) of the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) that is responsible for the synthesis of central serotonin was genotyped.Results:Reward sensitivity consisted of two orthogonal components, operationally defined as Openness to Rewards and Insatiability by Reward, that respectively characterise the striving towards multiple rewards and the strong pursuit and fixation to a particular reward. While SEEKING and PLAY (and to lower extent CARE) of the ANPS co-varied with Openness to Rewards, FEAR, SADNESS, and ANGER were related to Insatiability by Reward. The total score of ASRS was moderately correlated with Insatiability by Reward, while the association with Openness to Rewards was negligible. However, ASRS Inattention had some negative relationship with the Social Experience facet of Openness to Rewards. The T/T homozygotes for the TPH2 promoter polymorphism had lower Insatiability by Reward but not Openness to Rewards.Conclusions:Behaviours sensitive to rewards are separable to the components of variability and fixation, and these components are differentially related to affective aspects of personality, attention, and hyperactivity as well as to TPH2 genotype.

Risk factors influencing severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a sample of preparatory school students in Cairo

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Ramy ◽  
Mona El Sheikh ◽  
Marwa Sultan ◽  
Rasha Bassim ◽  
Maissa Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Version ◽  
School Students ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. Severity of symptoms is associated with more behavioral problems, poor academic performance, and persistence of symptoms into adulthood. Methods: To examine the clinical and social correlates that may be identified as risk factors associated with ADHD severity in a sample of adolescent ADHD school students. A total of 925 students were recruited from two public and two private schools from eastern Cairo. They were interviewed using Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report—short version (CASS-S); students scoring more than 65 were further interviewed with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia—present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) to confirm the diagnosis, then Conners-Wells Adolescent Self-Report—long version (CASS-L) to assess severity and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) to ascertain intellectual ability. Results: About 10.3% of cases were severe, 5.7% were moderate, and 83.9% were mild. Severity was significantly associated with female gender, psychiatric comorbidity, family problems, conduct symptoms, and poor anger management. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) ( DSM-IV) hyperactive–impulsive type was the only predictive factor of ADHD severity. Conclusions: The diagnosis of hyperactive–impulsive subtype may predict the severity of ADHD symptoms.

scholarly journals Self-compassion and Perceived Criticism in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Mindfulness ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2506-2518
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Beaton ◽  
Fuschia Sirois ◽  
Elizabeth Milne
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Perceived Criticism ◽  
Group Comparisons

Abstract Objectives Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased criticism from others. To date, there is little research considering the consequences of how others respond to people with ADHD. Self-compassion is a positive way of relating to oneself during difficulty. Here, we investigate whether levels of self-compassion differ between people with and without ADHD, and whether perceived criticism mediates any differences in self-compassion between people with and without ADHD. Methods A cross-sectional design was used to conduct natural group comparisons. A sample of 1203 adults (46% with a self-reported ADHD diagnosis) recruited via social media, online forums and posters completed online self-report measures of diagnostic status, ADHD traits, self-compassion and perceived criticism. Between-group comparisons of self-compassion and perceived criticism were conducted on participants grouped by diagnosis, then grouped by ADHD trait severity. Perceived criticism was tested as a mediator variable between ADHD diagnosis and self-compassion. Results Adults with an ADHD diagnosis showed significantly lower self-compassion and higher perceived criticism than the participants without ADHD. Participants high in ADHD traits but without a diagnosis had significantly similar levels of self-compassion to the diagnosed group. Mediation analysis found that higher perceived criticism partially explained the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and self-compassion, even after accounting for co-occurring mood disorder diagnosis. Conclusions Adults with ADHD are less self-compassionate than adults without ADHD. This is partially explained by the higher level of criticism they perceive from others.

scholarly journals Parental and Self-report of Sleep in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Owens ◽  
Rolanda Maxim ◽  
Chantelle Nobile ◽  
Melissa McGuinn ◽  
Michael Msall
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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