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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taishi Koyama ◽  
Naoyoshi Nagata ◽  
Kengo Nishiura ◽  
Naoki Miura ◽  
Takashi Kawai ◽  
...  

Aim: Little data is available regarding the effectiveness of natural foods in treating chronic constipation. We aimed to identify whether prune ameliorates chronic constipation and can be used safely for a relatively long time. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 84 subjects with chronic constipation, presenting more than 6 months before and persisting for more than 3 months, were randomized to prune (n=42) or placebo (n=42) intake for 8 weeks. We assessed daily Bristol stool form scale (BSFS) scores and stool frequencies and administered the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) questionnaire, as primary outcomes for constipation improvement. Results: The prune group showed significantly decreased rates of hard stool (BSFS1 or 2) and increased rates of normal stool (BSFS 3 or 4) after 1 week, which were more evident after 7 weeks between the two groups. Prune significantly increased stool frequency immediately after 1 week. Furthermore, GSRS of hard stools, flatulence, and incomplete evacuation significantly improved after 4-8 weeks of prune intake, of which constipation and hard stools were significantly reduced compared to the placebo group. In contrast, prune intake did not cause diarrhea, loose stools, or urgent need for defecation during 8 weeks evaluated by GSRS score. We found no abnormal laboratory tests of liver function, renal function, inflammation, or urinalysis after prune intake. Conclusions: Daily prune intake ameliorates chronic constipation, improving quality of life, and causes few diarrhea-related symptoms or side effects. Our results emphasize a new, useful, and easy strategy for chronic constipation. (UMIN ID:000041384)


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Moseley ◽  
Adam Powell ◽  
Angela Woods ◽  
Charles Fernyhough ◽  
Ben Alderson-Day

Voice-hearing in clinical and non-clinical groups has previously been compared using standardized assessments of psychotic experiences. Findings from several studies suggest that non-clinical voice-hearing (NCVH) is distinguished by reduced distress and increased control. However, symptom-rating scales developed for clinical populations may be limited in their ability to elucidate subtle and unique aspects of non-clinical voices. Moreover, such experiences often occur within specific contexts and systems of belief, such as spiritualism. This makes direct comparisons difficult to interpret. Here we present findings from a comparative interdisciplinary study which administered a semi-structured interview to NCVH individuals and psychosis patients. The non-clinical group were specifically recruited from spiritualist communities. The findings were consistent with previous results regarding distress and control, but also documented multiple modalities that were often integrated into a single entity, high levels of associated visual imagery, and subtle differences in the location of voices relating to perceptual boundaries. Most spiritual voice-hearers reported voices before encountering spiritualism, suggesting that their onset was not solely due to deliberate practice. Future research should aim to understand how spiritual voice-hearers cultivate and control voice-hearing after its onset, which may inform interventions for people with distressing voices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-871
Author(s):  
Hye-yeon Jang ◽  
Sang-gu Yu ◽  
Do-hyeong Kim ◽  
Young-su Lee

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean medical treatment on a fibromyalgia patient with gastrointestinal symptoms, using herbal medicines selected according to new rather than existing standards.Method: A 52-year-old female patient with fibromyalgia was treated with Odu-tang and acupuncture, cupping, and moxibustion for 22 days. To evaluate the treatment, we used the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), American College of Rheumatology’s Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria (ACR), and Korean Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (KGSRS).Result: Following treatment, pantalgia diminished, NRS, and ACR scores improved, and the GSRS score decreased from 29 to 11.Conclusion: This study suggests that Korean medical treatment could effectively reduce pain and improve digestive symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. It also presents a new method that considers individual characteristics when choosing herbal medicine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-975
Author(s):  
Hakkyeom Kim ◽  
Jiyoon Park ◽  
Jiseong Moon ◽  
Yeseul Kim ◽  
Seonwoo Min ◽  
...  

This study investigated the case of a nineteen-year-old female patient with chronic nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension, who was diagnosed with CNVS and Spleen-Qi deficiency. Subjective symptoms were recorded with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) every morning, and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) was used on the days of admission and discharge. For eleven days following admission, she took Bojungikki-tang-gagam and received acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. After three days of treatment, her nausea and vomiting ceased, and abdominal distension improved from NRS 3 to 0 after seven days of treatment. The GSRS score for the specific symptoms improved from 3 to 2; however, the total score remained largely unchanged (from 20 to 21). This case suggests that Korean medical treatment may improve CNVS.


Author(s):  
Lily Bellehumeur-Béchamp ◽  
Anne-Sophie Grenier ◽  
Adéline Nolin ◽  
Anne-Marie Essiambre ◽  
Marc-André Roy

Les antipsychotiques de première génération (APG) et les antipsychotiques de seconde génération (ASG) aident au traitement symptomatique des troubles psychotiques. Or, ils peuvent parfois induire des réactions extrapyramidales, notamment le parkinsonisme, lesquelles peuvent exacerber les déficits cognitifs déjà présents. La présente étude explore la relation entre la mémoire de travail et le parkinsonisme induit par des antipsychotiques chez les personnes composant avec un trouble psychotique. Sept participants de 20 à 35 ans traités avec des antipsychotiques de seconde génération pour un trouble psychotique sont recrutés. La MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) et l’Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) sont utilisés pour évaluer la mémoire de travail et le parkinsonisme induit par des antipsychotiques. Il est attendu qu’une corrélation significative et négative s’observe entre la mémoire de travail et le parkinsonisme induit par des antipsychotiques. Toutefois, les résultats suggèrent une corrélation non significative, ρ = 0,273, p = 0,554. En ce sens, le parkinsonisme ne serait pas significativement associé à la mémoire de travail. La présente étude favorise la compréhension de l’effet du parkinsonisme induit par des antipsychotiques chez une jeune population présentant un premier épisode psychotique. L’utilisation d’un outil plus sensible serait à considérer dans l’évaluation du parkinsonisme de faible amplitude.


2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
V. V. Danilov ◽  
E. V. Eliseeva ◽  
V. V. Danilov ◽  
I. Yu. Vol'nyh ◽  
V. V. Danilov ◽  
...  

Introduction. The search for effective drug combinations for treating continental disorders in women is still relevant. The interval scale for assessing lower urinary tract symptoms in women is a simple and convenient tool for monitoring pharmacotherapy. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of imperative and mixed urination disorders in women with alpha1-blockers in combination with nootropic drugs using an interval symptom rating scale.Materials and methods. Under observation there were 31 patients aged 40 to 73 years who applied to the Center “Urination Pathology” with mixed and imperative disorders of the continent and urinary incontinence. Conservative therapy was carried out with the appointment of alpha1-adrenoblockers, nootropic and metabolic drugs for an average of 5.8 months. The therapeutic effect is recorded using the interval symptom score scale.Results. After discontinuation of drugs, the overall score on the symptom rating scale decreased by 40.2%, imperative symptoms – by 29.5-50%, and quality of life increased by 19%. In the group of women aged 40-49, with comparable dynamics of symptoms with patients older than 50 years, therapy lasted less. The difference averaged 4.1 months and was associated with a higher frequency in the older age group of vascular, metabolic and neurological disorders that slow down the regulatory processes of urination recovery.Conclusion. Alpha1-blockers and nootropics are pathogenetically substantiated for the treatment of imperative disorders of urination and urinary incontinence. Evaluation using the interval scale reliably demonstrates their high clinical effectiveness, persistence of the therapeutic effect and the feasibility of application at the stage of selection for surgical treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Schelhorn ◽  
Angelika Ecker ◽  
Michael Noah Lüdtke ◽  
Stefan Rehm ◽  
Thomy Tran ◽  
...  

After the first COVID-19 case was diagnosed in Germany, various measures limiting contact between people were introduced across the country. The implementation of these measures varied between jurisdictions and potentially had a negative impact on the psychological well-being of many people. However, the prevalence, severity, and type of symptoms of psychological burden has not been documented in detail. In the current study, we analysed various self-reported symptoms of psychological burden in a German sample. The dataset was collected between April 8th and June 1st, 2020, through an online survey measuring psychological burden using the ICD-10-symptom rating scale. More than 2,000 individuals responded to the survey, with a total of 1,459 complete datasets. Data was then sampled to compare (1) the new data to an existing demographically comparable reference dataset including a total of 2,512 participants who did not undergo any kind of contact restrictions or other pandemic measurements, and (2) psychological burden in two different German states. In line with recent observations from Germany, Italy, China, Austria and Turkey, we found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in comparison to the reference sample. Furthermore, we found a high prevalence of eating disorder and compulsion symptoms. Especially younger adults and women reported a higher symptom severity compared to other groups during our measurement period. However, no difference between the two states in psychological burden was found.


2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đào Bùi Quý Quyền ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Bé ◽  
Lê Việt Thắng

Mục tiêu: Xác định đặc điểm rối loạn dạ dày ruột theo bảng điểm Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-GSRSở bệnh nhân bệnh thận mạn giai đoạn cuối thận nhân tạo chu kỳ. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang trên 80 bệnh nhân thận nhân tạo chu kỳ. Tất cả các bệnh nhân điều được hỏi tình trạng rối loạn dạ dày ruột theo bảng điểm GSRS. Kết quả: Điểm GSRS trung bình là 8 (2,25 - 13), có 80% bệnh nhân xuất hiện ít nhất 01 triệu chứng dạ dày ruột. Nhóm bệnh nhân tuổi ≥ 60; lọc máu ≥ 10 năm có chỉ số GSRS trung bình cao hơn nhóm không có đặc điểm trên, p< 0,01. Có mối tương quan nghịch điểm GSRS với nồng độ hemoglobin và albumin máu, p< 0,01. Kết luận: Rối loạn dạ dày ruột là thường gặp và có liên quan đến tuổi cao, thời gian lọc máu dài và suy dinh dưỡng ở bệnh nhân thận nhân tạo chu kỳ.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-90
Author(s):  
Philippa Garety ◽  
Thomas Ward ◽  
Richard Emsley ◽  
Kathryn Greenwood ◽  
Daniel Freeman ◽  
...  

Background Reasoning may play a causal role in paranoid delusions in psychosis. SlowMo, a new digitally supported cognitive–behavioural therapy, targets reasoning to reduce paranoia. Objectives To examine the effectiveness of SlowMo therapy in reducing paranoia and in improving reasoning, quality of life and well-being, and to examine its mechanisms of action, moderators of effects and acceptability. Design A parallel-arm, assessor-blind, randomised controlled trial comparing SlowMo plus treatment as usual with treatment as usual alone. An online independent system randomised eligible participants (1 : 1) using randomly varying permuted blocks, stratified by site and paranoia severity. Setting Community mental health services in three NHS mental health trusts in England, plus patient identification centres. Participants A total of 362 participants with schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis. Eligibility criteria comprised distressing and persistent (≥ 3 months) paranoia. Interventions Eight face-to-face SlowMo sessions over 12 weeks plus treatment as usual, or treatment as usual alone (control group). Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was paranoia measured by the Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale and its revised version, together with observer-rated measures of persecutory delusions (The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales delusion scale and delusion items from the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms). The secondary outcome measures were reasoning (measures of belief flexibility, jumping to conclusions, and fast and slow thinking), well-being, quality of life, schemas, service use and worry. Results A total of 362 participants were recruited between 1 May 2017 and 14 May 2019: 181 in the SlowMo intervention group and 181 in the treatment-as-usual (control) group. One control participant subsequently withdrew. In total, 325 (90%) participants provided primary Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale outcome data at 12 weeks (SlowMo, n = 162; treatment as usual, n = 163). A total of 145 (80%) participants in the SlowMo group completed all eight therapy sessions. SlowMo was superior to treatment as usual in reducing paranoia on all three measures used: Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale total at 12 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.51; p = 0.005) and 24 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.20, 95% confidence interval –0.02 to 0.40; p = 0.063); Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales delusions at 12 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.78; p = 0.002) and 24 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.80; p = 0.001); and Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms persecutory delusions at 12 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.03 to 0.84; p = 0.035) and 24 weeks (Cohen’s d = 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.94; p = 0.009). Reasoning (belief flexibility, possibility of being mistaken and Fast and Slow Thinking Questionnaire measure) improved, but jumping to conclusions did not improve. Worry, quality of life, well-being and self-concept also improved, improving most strongly at 24 weeks. Baseline characteristics did not moderate treatment effects. Changes in belief flexibility and worry mediated changes in paranoia. Peer researcher-led qualitative interviews confirmed positive experiences of the therapy and technology. Nineteen participants in the SlowMo group and 21 participants in the treatment-as-usual group reported 54 adverse events (51 serious events, no deaths). Limitations The trial included treatment as usual as the comparator and, thus, the trial design did not control for the effects of time with a therapist. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest trial of a psychological therapy for paranoia in people with psychosis and the first trial using a brief targeted digitally supported therapy. High rates of therapy uptake demonstrated acceptability. It was effective for paranoia, comparable to longer therapy, and equally effective for people with different levels of negative symptoms and working memory. Mediators were improvements in belief flexibility and worry. Our results suggest that targeting reasoning helps paranoia. Future work Further examination of SlowMo mechanisms of action and implementation. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN32448671. Funding This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) partnership. This will be published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 8, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.


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