Testing for implicit emotion regulation in childhood

Although implicit emotion regulation is thought to be critical for psychosocial development and mental wellbeing, few studies have investigated the neural underpinnings of this form of emotion regulation in children. We used a modified emotional Go/NoGo block design fMRI task to explore the neural correlates of implicit emotion regulation and individual differences in a sample of 40 children (50% female, mean age = 8.65 +/- 0.77). Conditions included happy, sad, neutral, and scrambled faces as implicit distractors within the actual Go/NoGo targets. We used a relatively standard preprocessing pipeline via fMRIprep, with T-contrasts for response inhibition and emotional effects, and a nonparametric multiple comparisons procedure, with SnPM, for our group-level analysis. There were multiple significant response inhibition effects, including larger NoGo vs Go activation in the IFG, insula, and MCC/ACC. Valence effects showed significantly greater right putamen activity for the Sad NoGo vs Go contrast and greater bilateral putamen and right pallidum activity for the Happy Go vs Sad Go contrast. These results provide preliminary findings of neural substrates, particularly the putamen, that may be associated with implicit emotion regulation in children.

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Fear Processing in Dental Phobia during Crossmodal Symptom Provocation: An fMRI Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/196353 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kevin Hilbert ◽

Ricarda Evens ◽

Nina Isabel Maslowski ◽

Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽

Ulrike Lueken

Keyword(s):

Visual Stimulation ◽

Block Design ◽

Visual Stimuli ◽

Neural Substrates ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Auditory Stimuli ◽

Symptom Provocation ◽

Dental Phobia ◽

Fmri Study ◽

Neural Underpinnings

While previous studies successfully identified the core neural substrates of the animal subtype of specific phobia, only few and inconsistent research is available for dental phobia. These findings might partly relate to the fact that, typically, visual stimuli were employed. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of stimulus modality on neural fear processing in dental phobia. Thirteen dental phobics (DP) and thirteen healthy controls (HC) attended a block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) symptom provocation paradigm encompassing both visual and auditory stimuli. Drill sounds and matched neutral sinus tones served as auditory stimuli and dentist scenes and matched neutral videos as visual stimuli. Group comparisons showed increased activation in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and thalamus in DP compared to HC during auditory but not visual stimulation. On the contrary, no differential autonomic reactions were observed in DP. Present results are largely comparable to brain areas identified in animal phobia, but also point towards a potential downregulation of autonomic outflow by neural fear circuits in this disorder. Findings enlarge our knowledge about neural correlates of dental phobia and may help to understand the neural underpinnings of the clinical and physiological characteristics of the disorder.

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Testing whether implicit emotion regulation mediates the association between discrimination and symptoms of psychopathology in late childhood: An RDoC perspective

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579421000638 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

T.G. Vargas ◽

V.A. Mittal

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Neurocognitive Functions ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Implicit Emotion Regulation ◽

Multiple Units

Abstract Discrimination has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, though it is unclear how early in life this association becomes apparent. Implicit emotion regulation, developing during childhood, is a foundational skill tied to a range of outcomes. Implicit emotion regulation has yet to be tested as an associated process for mental illness symptoms that can often emerge during this sensitive developmental period. Youth aged 9–11 were recruited for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Associations between psychotic-like experiences, depressive symptoms, and total discrimination (due to race, ethnicity, nationality, weight, or sexual minority status) were tested, as well as associations with implicit emotion regulation measures (emotional updating working memory and inhibitory control). Analyses examined whether associations with symptoms were mediated by implicit emotion regulation. Discrimination related to decreased implicit emotion regulation performance, and increased endorsement of depressive symptoms and psychotic-like experiences. Emotional updating working memory performance partially mediated the association between discrimination and psychotic-like experiences, while emotional inhibitory control did not. Discrimination and implicit emotion regulation could serve as putative transdiagnostic markers of vulnerability. Results support the utility of using multiple units of analysis to improve understanding of complex emerging neurocognitive functions and developmentally sensitive periods.

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Mental Wellbeing and Economics of Crime: A County Level Analysis in the U.S.

Journal of Yaşar University ◽

10.19168/jyasar.879738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (63) ◽

pp. 1218-1236

Author(s):

Suzan ODABAŞI

Keyword(s):

Mental Wellbeing ◽

County Level ◽

Economics Of Crime ◽

Level Analysis ◽

The U.S

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Putting Feelings Into Words: Affect Labeling as Implicit Emotion Regulation

Emotion Review ◽

10.1177/1754073917742706 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 116-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Jared B. Torre ◽

Matthew D. Lieberman

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Regulatory Process ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Affect Labeling ◽

Implicit Emotion Regulation

Putting feelings into words, or “affect labeling,” can attenuate our emotional experiences. However, unlike explicit emotion regulation techniques, affect labeling may not even feel like a regulatory process as it occurs. Nevertheless, research investigating affect labeling has found it produces a pattern of effects like those seen during explicit emotion regulation, suggesting affect labeling is a form of implicit emotion regulation. In this review, we will outline research on affect labeling, comparing it to reappraisal, a form of explicit emotion regulation, along four major domains of effects—experiential, autonomic, neural, and behavioral—that establish it as a form of implicit emotion regulation. This review will then speculate on possible mechanisms driving affect labeling effects and other remaining unanswered questions.

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Effect of Age in Auditory Go/No-Go Tasks: A Magnetoencephalographic Study

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10100667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 667

Author(s):

Mei-Yin Lin ◽

Chia-Hsiung Cheng

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Cortical Activation ◽

Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Source Imaging ◽

Age Related ◽

Aging Populations ◽

Neural Underpinnings ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Response inhibition is frequently examined using visual go/no-go tasks. Recently, the auditory go/no-go paradigm has been also applied to several clinical and aging populations. However, age-related changes in the neural underpinnings of auditory go/no-go tasks are yet to be elucidated. We used magnetoencephalography combined with distributed source imaging methods to examine age-associated changes in neural responses to auditory no-go stimuli. Additionally, we compared the performance of high- and low-performing older adults to explore differences in cortical activation. Behavioral performance in terms of response inhibition was similar in younger and older adult groups. Relative to the younger adults, the older adults exhibited reduced cortical activation in the superior and middle temporal gyrus. However, we did not find any significant differences in cortical activation between the high- and low-performing older adults. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that inhibition is reduced during aging. The variation in cognitive performance among older adults confirms the need for further study on the underlying mechanisms of inhibition.

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