Testing whether implicit emotion regulation mediates the association between discrimination and symptoms of psychopathology in late childhood: An RDoC perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
T.G. Vargas ◽  
V.A. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Implicit Emotion Regulation ◽  
Multiple Units

Abstract Discrimination has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, though it is unclear how early in life this association becomes apparent. Implicit emotion regulation, developing during childhood, is a foundational skill tied to a range of outcomes. Implicit emotion regulation has yet to be tested as an associated process for mental illness symptoms that can often emerge during this sensitive developmental period. Youth aged 9–11 were recruited for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Associations between psychotic-like experiences, depressive symptoms, and total discrimination (due to race, ethnicity, nationality, weight, or sexual minority status) were tested, as well as associations with implicit emotion regulation measures (emotional updating working memory and inhibitory control). Analyses examined whether associations with symptoms were mediated by implicit emotion regulation. Discrimination related to decreased implicit emotion regulation performance, and increased endorsement of depressive symptoms and psychotic-like experiences. Emotional updating working memory performance partially mediated the association between discrimination and psychotic-like experiences, while emotional inhibitory control did not. Discrimination and implicit emotion regulation could serve as putative transdiagnostic markers of vulnerability. Results support the utility of using multiple units of analysis to improve understanding of complex emerging neurocognitive functions and developmentally sensitive periods.

scholarly journals SUN-072 Age of Critically Ill Children at Time of Exposure to Early Parenteral Nutrition Determines Its Impact on Long-Term Physical and Cognitive Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Verlinden ◽  
Karolijn Dulfer ◽  
Fabian Güiza ◽  
José Hordijk ◽  
Ilse Vanhorebeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Early Administration ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions

Abstract Background The PEPaNIC RCT, which investigated critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, showed that early administration of parenteral nutrition (early PN) as compared with withholding PN for 1 week (late PN) negatively affected 6 neurocognitive functions assessed 2 years later (1). However, it is theoretically possible that age at time of exposure determines whether early PN has negative or positive impact on long-term physical and cognitive development, possibly resulting in a neutral outcome for the total study population. In this secondary analysis of the PEPaNIC RCT, we investigated whether age at exposure to early PN determined its 2 years developmental impact. Methods The 786 children who were evaluated 2 years after inclusion in the PEPaNIC RCT for health status, anthropometrics, executive functioning, emotional and behavioral problems, intelligence and visual motor integration were categorized for age at randomization (0–17 years). We defined 4 ±similarly sized age groups based on previously reported timing of cerebral maturation spurts: neonates ≤28 days old (n=121), infants 29 days to <11 months old (n=239), toddlers 11 months to <5 years old (n=223), children 5 years or older (n=203). For each outcome, interaction between the randomized intervention and age at randomization was assessed with a multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for baseline risk factors. For the outcomes with an interaction p≤0.15, we subsequently compared the adjusted effect of early PN versus late PN within each age group. Results Interaction between randomization and age group was identified for weight, development of inhibitory control, flexibility, working memory, planning and organization, metacognition, total executive functioning and internalizing and total behavioral problems. In particular among infants 29 days to <11 months old, harm by early PN was observed for several neurocognitive functions [inhibitory control (p=0.008), flexibility (p=0.02), working memory (p=0.009), planning and organization (p=0.004), metacognition (p=0.008), total executive functioning (p=0.004), internalizing (p=0.005) and total behavioral problems (p=0.01)]. Among toddlers 11 months to <5 years old, neurocognitive harm by early PN was only observed for inhibitory control (p=0.003) and total executive functioning (p=0.02). In neonates ≤28 days old, early PN did not affect neurocognitive development whereas it increased weight (p=0.03) but not height. Among children 5 years or older, early PN only appeared to affect development of planning and organization in a positive manner (p=0.03). Conclusion Critically ill children who were exposed to early PN at an age between 29 days and 11 months were found to be most vulnerable for neurocognitive developmental harm evoked by early administration of PN, as assessed 2 years later. 1 Verstraete et al. Lancet Respir Med 2018

scholarly journals Examining Working Memory Performance in Adult Psychosomatic Inpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Held ◽  
Laura Ramadani ◽  
Andreea Vîslă ◽  
Volker Köllner ◽  
Peter Hilpert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Rehabilitation Clinic

BackgroundThere is cumulating evidence that working memory (WM) processing is impaired in individuals suffering from a psychosomatic and a psychological disorder. However, it is unclear how repetitive negative thinking (RNT), depressive symptoms, and patient characteristics (i.e., age and incapability to work) contribute to WM impairments. The present study examines how these factors affect WM performance in highly distressed adult psychosomatic inpatients.MethodsSeventy-six inpatients (Mage = 52.7, SD = 8.4) from a psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic performed a two-block WM updating task, with accuracy and reaction time as indicators of WM functioning.ResultsMultivariate mixed effect model results show that accuracy and reaction time significantly decreased from WM Block 1 to WM Block 2. Higher levels of RNT, more severe depressive symptoms and higher age were associated with worse WM accuracy in Block 1. None of these variables were significantly associated with WM reaction time (in Block 1).ConclusionFrom a clinical perspective, the results suggest that screening for the presence of high RNT levels, severe depressive symptoms or higher age may help to identify patients with impaired WM functioning and to intervene on these important patient characteristics early in the rehabilitation process.

A preliminary investigation of childhood anxiety/depressive symptomatology and working memory across multiple units of analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 113786
Author(s):  
Brian C. Kavanaugh ◽  
Alexa Fryc ◽  
Simona Temereanca ◽  
Eric Tirrell ◽  
Lindsay Oberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Multiple Units

scholarly journals High-dose galantamine augmentation inferior to placebo on attention, inhibitory control and working memory performance in nonsmokers with schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M DYER ◽  
O FREUDENREICH ◽  
M CULHANE ◽  
G PACHAS ◽  
T DECKERSBACH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
High Dose

scholarly journals Memory, subjective memory and motor functioning in non-demented elders with and without Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Fastame ◽  
Paul Kenneth Hitchcott ◽  
Federica Corona ◽  
Giuseppina Pilloni ◽  
Micaela Porta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Efficiency

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms impacting life quality. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of PD on objective (i.e., working memory and semantic memory) and subjective memory (i.e., self-reported seriousness of forgetting, mnemonic usage and actual memory efficiency) controlling for the effect of depressive symptomatology. The relationship of working memory performance to gait and mobility indices was also examined, as well as the factors predicting subjective memory were explored. Fifty-four community-dwelling adults (mean age = 72.3 years, SD = 8.8) were recruited in Sardinia, an Italian island located in the Mediterranean Sea. Specifically, 27 non-demented adults with mild, early-stage PD were matched for years of education, age, and gender with a sample of healthy individuals. Participants completed a test battery assessing objective memory, subjective memory, and depressive symptoms, and an instrumental analysis of gait and functional mobility was performed. Participants with PD had poorer objective memory across all indices measured and displayed a restricted set of gait and posture impairments. Working memory performance was selectively related to gait and posture measures. Moreover, participants with PD had lower trust in their memory efficiency relative to the past than the control healthy group. Finally, 22% of the variance in seriousness of the consequences of forgetting was predicted by education and general cognitive efficiency. Overall, the present findings confirm the presence of changes in both objective and subjective memory in PD, independent from depressive symptoms.

Emotional reagibility and working memory performance - differential effects of emotional interference control in subjects with and without ADHD

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1207-1207
Author(s):  
I. Marx ◽  
G. Domes ◽  
C. Havenstein ◽  
C. Berger ◽  
L. Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Display Performance

In a number of studies, it has been shown that subjects with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show deficits in executive functioning, i.e. in cognitive functions that subserve planning, monitoring and control of goal-directed behaviour (Martinussen et al., 2005; Willcutt et al., 2005), as well as in emotion regulation (Berlin et al., 2004; Desman et al., 2006). However, no study exists so far examining the interaction between cognition and emotion regulation in subjects with ADHD. In our study, we aimed to examine to what extend arousing emotional picture stimuli may account for differential effects in performance quality in subjects with and without ADHD. Thirty-nine males and females with ADHD aged 18 to 40 years and 40 matched healthy controls performed a working memory n-back task (1-back, 2-back). The task was performed with and without neutral and negative background pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) which varied in arousal (low, medium, high). Irrespective of ADHD diagnosis, all subjects were slower and demonstrated lower performance accuracy in the 2-back condition compared with the 1-back condition, and all subjects deteriorated with increasing picture arousal. In comparison to healthy controls, subjects with ADHD displayed a deficit in working memory performance in terms of prolonged reaction times and decreased performance accuracy. Beyond this, we found that whereas healthy controls did not display performance deficits until they were presented with high-arousal background pictures, subjects with ADHD were already impaired when presented with medium-arousal background pictures. The implications of these and further findings will be discussed.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of depression, cognitive performance and sleep in older persons with depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments: a series of eight single-subject studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marij Zuidersma ◽  
Astrid Lugtenburg ◽  
Willeke van Zelst ◽  
Fransje E. Reesink ◽  
Peter Paul De Deyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Older Individuals

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the presence, nature and direction of the daily temporal association between depressive symptoms, cognitive performance and sleep in older individuals. Design, setting, participants: Single-subject study design in eight older adults with cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms. Measurements: For 63 consecutive days, depressive symptoms, working memory performance and night-time sleep duration were daily assessed with an electronic diary and actigraphy. The temporal associations of depressive symptoms, working memory and total sleep time were evaluated for each participant separately with time-series analysis (vector autoregressive modeling). Results: For seven out of eight participants we found a temporal association between depressive symptoms and/or sleep and/or working memory performance. More depressive symptoms were preceded by longer sleep duration in one person (r = 0.39; p < .001), by longer or shorter sleep duration than usual in one other person (B = 0.49; p < .001), by worse working memory in one person (B = −0.45; p = .007), and by better working memory performance in one other person (B = 0.35; p = .009). Worse working memory performance was preceded by longer sleep duration (r = −.35; p = .005) in one person, by shorter or longer sleep duration in three other persons (B = −0.76; p = .005, B = −0.61; p < .001; B = −0.34; p = .002), and by more depressive symptoms in one person (B = −0.25; p = .009). Conclusion: The presence, nature and direction of the temporal associations between depressive symptoms, cognitive performance and sleep differed between individuals. Knowledge of personal temporal associations may be valuable for the development of personalized intervention strategies in order to maintain their health, quality of life, functional outcomes and independence.

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