scholarly journals Fear Processing in Dental Phobia during Crossmodal Symptom Provocation: An fMRI Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hilbert ◽  
Ricarda Evens ◽  
Nina Isabel Maslowski ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
Ulrike Lueken
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Dental Phobia ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

While previous studies successfully identified the core neural substrates of the animal subtype of specific phobia, only few and inconsistent research is available for dental phobia. These findings might partly relate to the fact that, typically, visual stimuli were employed. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of stimulus modality on neural fear processing in dental phobia. Thirteen dental phobics (DP) and thirteen healthy controls (HC) attended a block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) symptom provocation paradigm encompassing both visual and auditory stimuli. Drill sounds and matched neutral sinus tones served as auditory stimuli and dentist scenes and matched neutral videos as visual stimuli. Group comparisons showed increased activation in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and thalamus in DP compared to HC during auditory but not visual stimulation. On the contrary, no differential autonomic reactions were observed in DP. Present results are largely comparable to brain areas identified in animal phobia, but also point towards a potential downregulation of autonomic outflow by neural fear circuits in this disorder. Findings enlarge our knowledge about neural correlates of dental phobia and may help to understand the neural underpinnings of the clinical and physiological characteristics of the disorder.

An fMRI Study Examining Effects of Acute D-Cycloserine During Symptom Provocation in Spider Phobia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 556-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Aupperle ◽  
Lisa R. Hale ◽  
Rebecca J. Chambers ◽  
Sharon E. Cain ◽  
Frank X. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Amygdala Activation ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Design Paradigm ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACTBackground: Exposure-based therapy for anxiety disorders is believed to operate on the basis of fear extinction. Studies have shown acute administration of D-cycloserine (DCS) enhances fear extinction in animals and facilitates exposure therapy in humans, but the neural mechanisms are not completely understood. To date, no study has examined neural effects of acute DCS in anxiety-disordered populations.Methods: Two hours prior to functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, 23 spider-phobic and 23 non-phobic participants were randomized to receive DCS 100 mg or placebo. During scanning, participants viewed spider, butterfly, and Gaussian-blurred baseline images in a block-design paradigm. Diagnostic and treatment groups were compared regarding differential activations to spider versus butterfly stimuli.Results: In the phobic group, DCS enhanced prefrontal (PFC), dorsal anterior cingulate (ACC), and insula activations. For controls, DCS enhanced ventral ACC and caudate activations. There was a positive correlation between lateral PFC and amygdala activation for the placebo-phobic group. Reported distress during symptom provocation was correlated with amygdala activation in the placebo-phobic group and orbitofrontal cortex activation in the DCS-phobic group.Conclusions: Results suggest that during initial phobic symptom provocation DCS enhances activation in regions involved in cognitive control and interoceptive integration, including the PFC, ACC, and insular cortices for phobic participants.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Fear Processing in Dental Phobia during Crossmodal Symptom Provocation: An fMRI Study”

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Kevin Hilbert ◽  
Ricarda Evens ◽  
Nina Isabel Maslowski ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
Ulrike Lueken
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Dental Phobia ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Cerebral Responses to Stationary Emotional Stimuli Measured by fMRI in Women with Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Maria Dias von Söhsten Lins ◽  
Roseli Saraiva Moreira Bittar ◽  
Paulo Rodrigo Bazán ◽  
Edson Amaro Júnior ◽  
Jeffrey Paul Staab
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Vestibular Disorder ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Introduction Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a functional vestibular disorder characterized by chronic dizziness, unsteadiness, and hypersensitivity to motion. Preexisting anxiety disorders and neurotic personality traits confer vulnerability to PPPD. High anxiety during acute vertigo or dizziness incites it. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of chronic subjective dizziness found unexpectedly hypoactive responses to vestibular stimulation in cortical regions that integrate threat assessment and spatial perception. Objective This fMRI study used non-moving, but emotionally charged visual stimuli to investigate the brain's activity of PPPD patients and control subjects. Methods The participants included 16 women with PPPD and 16 age-matched women who recovered completely from acute episodes of vertigo or dizziness capable of triggering PPPD. Brain responses to positive, neutral, and negative figures from the International Affective Picture System were measured with fMRI and compared between the groups. Dizziness handicap, anxiety, and depression were assessed with validated questionnaires. Results Between group analyses: Participants with PPPD showed reduced activity in anterior cingulate cortex and increased activity in left angular gyrus in response to negative versus positive stimuli, which was not observed in recovered individuals. Within group analyses: Participants with PPPD had increased activity in visuospatial areas (parahippocampal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus) in negative versus positive and negative versus neutral contrasts, whereas recovered individuals had increased activity in anxiety regions (amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex). Conclusion Patients with PPPD may be more attuned to spatial elements than to the content of emotionally charged visual stimuli.

Do not think about pain: Neural correlates of attention guiding during visual symptom provocation in dental phobia—An fMRI study

2014 ◽  
Vol 1566 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Scharmüller ◽  
Sonja Übel ◽  
Verena Leutgeb ◽  
Florian Schoengassner ◽  
Albert Wabnegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Visual Symptom ◽  
Symptom Provocation ◽  
Dental Phobia ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Testing for implicit emotion regulation in childhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepheni Uh ◽  
Roma Siugzdaite ◽  
Alex Anywl-Irvine ◽  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer ◽  
Giacomo Bignardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Implicit Emotion Regulation ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Emotional Effects ◽  
Level Analysis

Although implicit emotion regulation is thought to be critical for psychosocial development and mental wellbeing, few studies have investigated the neural underpinnings of this form of emotion regulation in children. We used a modified emotional Go/NoGo block design fMRI task to explore the neural correlates of implicit emotion regulation and individual differences in a sample of 40 children (50% female, mean age = 8.65 +/- 0.77). Conditions included happy, sad, neutral, and scrambled faces as implicit distractors within the actual Go/NoGo targets. We used a relatively standard preprocessing pipeline via fMRIprep, with T-contrasts for response inhibition and emotional effects, and a nonparametric multiple comparisons procedure, with SnPM, for our group-level analysis. There were multiple significant response inhibition effects, including larger NoGo vs Go activation in the IFG, insula, and MCC/ACC. Valence effects showed significantly greater right putamen activity for the Sad NoGo vs Go contrast and greater bilateral putamen and right pallidum activity for the Happy Go vs Sad Go contrast. These results provide preliminary findings of neural substrates, particularly the putamen, that may be associated with implicit emotion regulation in children.

Control of the anterior cingulate/mPFC over the amygdala: a longitudinal fMRI study in patients with panic disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Chechko ◽  
M Czisch ◽  
A Erhardt ◽  
D Hoehn ◽  
R Wehrle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Fmri Study

scholarly journals Peripheral arterial stiffness during electrocutaneous stimulation is positively correlated with pain-related brain activity and subjective pain intensity: an fMRI study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Tsuji ◽  
Fumiya Arikuni ◽  
Takafumi Sasaoka ◽  
Shin Suyama ◽  
Takashi Akiyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Electrocutaneous Stimulation ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

AbstractBrain activity associated with pain perception has been revealed by numerous PET and fMRI studies over the past few decades. These findings helped to establish the concept of the pain matrix, which is the distributed brain networks that demonstrate pain-specific cortical activities. We previously found that peripheral arterial stiffness $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art responds to pain intensity, which is estimated from electrocardiography, continuous sphygmomanometer, and photo-plethysmography. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art aligns with pain matrix brain activity. In this fMRI study, 22 participants received different intensities of pain stimuli. We identified brain regions in which the blood oxygen level-dependent signal covaried with $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art using parametric modulation analysis. Among the identified brain regions, the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex and ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were consistent with the pain matrix. We found moderate correlations between the average activities in these regions and $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art (r = 0.47, p < 0.001). $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art was also significantly correlated with self-reported pain intensity (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and applied pain intensity (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that $${\beta }_{\text{art}}$$ β art is positively correlated with pain-related brain activity and subjective pain intensity. This study may thus represent a basis for adopting peripheral arterial stiffness as an objective pain evaluation metric.

scholarly journals Experimental Tests for Measuring Individual Attentional Characteristics in Songbirds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Loïc Pougnault ◽  
Hugo Cousillas ◽  
Christine Heyraud ◽  
Ludwig Huber ◽  
Martine Hausberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
European Starling ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Species Specific

Attention is defined as the ability to process selectively one aspect of the environment over others and is at the core of all cognitive processes such as learning, memorization, and categorization. Thus, evaluating and comparing attentional characteristics between individuals and according to situations is an important aspect of cognitive studies. Recent studies showed the interest of analyzing spontaneous attention in standardized situations, but data are still scarce, especially for songbirds. The present study adapted three tests of attention (towards visual non-social, visual social, and auditory stimuli) as tools for future comparative research in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), a species that is well known to present individual variations in social learning or engagement. Our results reveal that attentional characteristics (glances versus gazes) vary according to the stimulus broadcasted: more gazes towards unusual visual stimuli and species-specific auditory stimuli and more glances towards species-specific visual stimuli and hetero-specific auditory stimuli. This study revealing individual variations shows that these tests constitute a very useful and easy-to-use tool for evaluating spontaneous individual attentional characteristics and their modulation by a variety of factors. Our results also indicate that attentional skills are not a uniform concept and depend upon the modality and the stimulus type.

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