Change in COVID-19 risk over time following vaccination with CoronaVac: A test-negative case-control study

Objective To estimate the change in odds of covid-19 over time following primary series completion of the inactivated whole virus vaccine, CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Design Test negative case-control study. Setting Community testing for covid-19 in São Paulo state, Brazil. Participants Adults aged 18-120 years who were residents of São Paulo state, without a previous laboratory-confirmed covid-19 infection, who received two doses of CoronaVac, and underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 from 17 January to 30 September 2021. Main outcome measures RT-PCR-confirmed symptomatic covid-19 and associated hospital admissions and deaths. Cases were pair-matched to test-negative controls by age (in 5-year bands), municipality of residence, healthcare worker (HCW) status, and date of RT-PCR test (±3 days). Conditional logistic regression was adjusted for sex, number of covid-19-associated comorbidities, race, and previous acute respiratory infection. Results From 137,820 eligible individuals, 37,929 cases with symptomatic covid-19 and 25,756 test-negative controls with covid-19 symptoms were formed into 37,929 matched pairs. Adjusted odds ratios of symptomatic covid-19 increased with time since series completion, and this increase was greater in younger individuals, and among HCWs compared to non-HCWs. Adjusted odds ratios of covid-19 hospitalisation or death were significantly increased from 98 days since series completion, compared to individuals vaccinated 14-41 days previously: 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.79) from 98-125 days, 1.55 (1.16 to 2.07) from 126-153 days, 1.56 (1.12 to 2.18) from 154-181 days, and 2.12 (1.39-3.22) from 182 days. Conclusions In the general population of São Paulo state, Brazil, an increase in odds of moderate and severe covid-19 outcomes was observed over time following primary series completion with CoronaVac.

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Effectiveness of the CoronaVac vaccine in older adults during a gamma variant associated epidemic of covid-19 in Brazil: test negative case-control study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n2015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Otavio T Ranzani ◽

Matt D T Hitchings ◽

Murilo Dorion ◽

Tatiana Lang D’Agostini ◽

Regiane Cardoso de Paula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Population ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Paulo State ◽

Negative Case ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objective To estimate the effectiveness of the inactivated whole virus vaccine, CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), against symptomatic covid-19 in the elderly population of São Paulo state, Brazil during widespread circulation of the gamma variant. Design Test negative case-control study. Setting Community testing for covid-19 in São Paulo state, Brazil. Participants 43 774 adults aged ≥70 years who were residents of São Paulo state and underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 from 17 January to 29 April 2021. 26 433 cases with symptomatic covid-19 and 17 622 test negative controls with covid-19 symptoms were formed into 13 283 matched sets, one case with to up to five controls, according to age, sex, self-reported race, municipality of residence, previous covid-19 status, and date of RT-PCR test (±3 days). Intervention Vaccination with a two dose regimen of CoronaVac. Main outcome measures RT-PCR confirmed symptomatic covid-19 and associated hospital admissions and deaths. Results Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic covid-19 was 24.7% (95% confidence interval 14.7% to 33.4%) at 0-13 days and 46.8% (38.7% to 53.8%) at ≥14 days after the second dose. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness against hospital admissions was 55.5% (46.5% to 62.9%) and against deaths was 61.2% (48.9% to 70.5%) at ≥14 days after the second dose. Vaccine effectiveness ≥14 days after the second dose was highest for the youngest age group (70-74 years)—59.0% (43.7% to 70.2%) against symptomatic disease, 77.6% (62.5% to 86.7%) against hospital admissions, and 83.9% (59.2% to 93.7%) against deaths—and declined with increasing age. Conclusions Vaccination with CoronaVac was associated with a reduction in symptomatic covid-19, hospital admissions, and deaths in adults aged ≥70 years in a setting with extensive transmission of the gamma variant. Vaccine protection was, however, low until completion of the two dose regimen, and vaccine effectiveness was observe to decline with increasing age among this elderly population.

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St. Louis encephalitis vírus: first isolation from a human in São Paulo state, Brasil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652005000500008 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Iray M. Rocco ◽

Cecília L.S. Santos ◽

Ivani Bisordi ◽

Selma M.C.N. Petrella ◽

Luiz E. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Human Case ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Cell Culture Supernatant ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

This paper reports the isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) from a febrile human case suspected to be dengue, in São Pedro, São Paulo State. A MAC-ELISA done on the patient's acute and convalescent sera was inconclusive and hemagglutination inhibition test detected IgG antibody for flaviviruses. An indirect immunofluorescent assay done on the C6/36 cell culture inoculated with the acute serum was positive for flaviviruses but negative when tested with dengue monoclonal antibodies. RNA extracted from the infected cell culture supernatant was amplified by RT-PCR in the presence of NS5 universal flavivirus primers and directly sequenced. Results of BLAST search indicated that this sequence shares 93% nucleotide similarity with the sequence of SLEV (strain-MSI.7), confirmed by RT-PCR performed with SLEV specific primers. Since SLEV was identified as the cause of human disease, it is necessary to improve surveillance in order to achieve early detection of this agent in the state of São Paulo and in Brazil. This finding is also an alert to health professionals about the need for more complete clinical and epidemiological investigations of febrile illnesses as in the reported case. SLEV infections can be unrecognized or confused with other ones caused by an arbovirus, such as dengue.

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Molecular characterization of two rocio flavivirus strains isolated during the encephalitis epidemic in são paulo state, brazil and the development of a one-step rt-pcr assay for diagnosis

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652008000200005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 89-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Terezinha Lisieux Moraes Coimbra ◽

Raimundo N. Santos ◽

Selma Petrella ◽

Teresa Keico Nagasse-Sugahara ◽

Silvana Beres Castrignano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

Rocio virus (ROCV) was responsible for an explosive encephalitis epidemic in the 1970s affecting about 1,000 residents of 20 coastland counties in São Paulo State, Brazil. ROCV was first isolated in 1975 from the cerebellum of a fatal human case of encephalitis. Clinical manifestations of the illness are similar to those described for St. Louis encephalitis. ROCV shows intense antigenic cross-reactivity with Japanese encephalitis complex (JEC) viruses, particularly with Ilheus (ILHV), St. Louis encephalitis, Murray Valley and West Nile viruses. In this study, we report a specific RT-PCR assay for ROCV diagnosis and the molecular characterization of the SPAn37630 and SPH37623 strains. Partial nucleotide sequences of NS5 and E genes determined from both strains were used in phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated that these strains are closely related to JEC viruses, but forming a distinct subclade together with ILHV, in accordance with results recently reported by Medeiros et al. (2007).

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DETECÇÃO DE CORONAVÍRUS EM AVES SILVESTRES DA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL, POR TÉCNICAS MOLECULARES DE RT-PCR E NESTED-PCR / DETECTION OF CORONAVIRUS BY RT-PCR AND NESTED-PCR IN WILD BIRDS FROM NORTHEASTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

Ars Veterinaria ◽

10.15361/2175-0106.2013v29n4p13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

M. F. S. MONTASSIER ◽

F. C. TEIXEIRA ◽

K. B. BARBOZA ◽

K. WERTHER ◽

F. A. ÁVILA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nested Pcr ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Wild Birds ◽

Pcr Detection ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

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Serologic survey for hantavirus infections among wild animals in rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652001000600005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 325-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nicolina Silvana ROMANO-LIEBER ◽

Joyce YEE ◽

Brian HJELLE

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Paulo State ◽

Blood Clots ◽

Viral Cdna ◽

São Paulo State

A serosurvey was conducted in wild animals captured close to two areas where hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) occurred in São Paulo State, Brazil. Serum samples from a total of 43 mammals were tested for antibodies reactive with Sin Nombre (SN) hantavirus using a strip immunoblot assay. RNAs from the blood clots of the positive samples were submitted to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two rodents of the genus Oligoryzomys were positive for hantavirus antibodies. These animals were captured in the Iguape region and represented 16.7% (2/12) of the sera from rodents and 100.0% (2/2) of the Oligoryzomys captured in that area. RT-PCR failed to amplify any viral cDNA. These results are in agreement with other data that suggest that members of this genus are important reservoirs of hantaviruses in Brazil.

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Using RT-PCR Testing to Assess the Effectiveness of Outbreak Control Efforts in São Paulo State, the Pandemic’s Epicenter in Brazil, according to Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities

10.1101/2020.10.29.20221960 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tatiane C M Sousa ◽

Natália P Moreira ◽

Jose E. Krieger ◽

Isabel S C Rosa ◽

Marcela M. Zamudio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Population Density ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

P Value ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Per Capita

AbstractBackgroundThe testing of infected persons with SARS-CoV-2 is one of the cornerstones of an effective strategy deployed for pandemic control. The public health diagnostic effort is particularly important in regions with a critical transmission scenario and in vulnerable populations in these districts, such as São Paulo state, the Brazilian epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe developed an RT-PCR testing intensity effort index (RT-PCR TIEI) composed of seven indicators to assess the survelliance efforts in the São Paulo State. We used dynamic time-series cross-sectional models to analyze the association between the RT-PCR TIEI, the population living under high socioeconomic vulnerability levels, dependent on public health service (SUS), per capita income, and population density.ResultsOn average, the RT-PCR TIEI score was 21.07. In the long-run, the RT-PCR TIEI is negatively associated with socioeconomic vulnerability (p-value=0.000, 95% CI −0.887, - 0.811), with a higher proportion of the population dependent on SUS (p-value= 0.000, 95% CI −0.871, −0.805), per capita income (p-value= 0.000, 95% CI −0.849,-0.792) and with population density (p-value=0.000, 95% CI −0.853; −0.801).ConclusionTesting efforts declined as the pandemic advanced, and the the lowest RT-PCR TIEI values were found in the most socioeconomic vulnerable RHDs. Local public laboratory presence was a predictor of a higher score. Thus, the low testing RT-PCR efforts and local laboratory inequalities affected surveillance capability, especially for socioeconomic vulnerable populations.

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Prevalence of Lettuce mosaic virus - common strain on three lettuce producing areas from São Paulo State

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/s0100-54052008000200009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 161-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Firmino ◽

Renate Krause-Sakate ◽

Marcelo Agenor Pavan ◽

Norberto da Silva ◽

Sérgio Minoru Hanai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Universal Primers ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽

Paulo State ◽

N Terminus ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Production Areas

LMV is one of the most important pathogens of lettuce worldwide. Based on their ability to overcome the resistance genes mo1¹ and mo1² in lettuce, isolates can be divided in two types: LMV-Most, which can infect and are seed-borne in cultivars containing the mo1 gene and LMV-Common, which do not cause symptoms on these cultivars and are seed transmitted only in susceptible cultivars. To evaluate the occurrence of these two types of LMV isolates, a survey was carried out during 2002-2005 in three lettuce production areas from São Paulo State. Total RNA was used for the diagnosis of LMV isolates by RT-PCR using universal primers for the variable N-terminus of the capsid protein, in the 3' end of the genome. Positives samples were analyzed by a second RT-PCR using specifics primers for LMV-Most isolates designed to amplify a fragment from the central region (CI-VPg) of the genome. A total of 1362 samples showing mosaic symptoms were collected and 504 (37.29 %) were positives for LMV. On susceptible lettuce cultivars, LMV-Common was prevalent (77.3%). LMV-Most was found frequently associated with tolerant (mo1¹) lettuce cultivars. Susceptible cultivars correspond today for most of the area of lettuce production. So, despite the ability of LMV-Most isolates to overcome the resistance provided by the recessive mo1¹ gene, they are not prevalent in the conditions of São Paulo State.

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