scholarly journals Adaptive radiation of barbs of the genus Labeobarbus (Cyprinidae) in the East African river

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Levin ◽  
M. Casal-López ◽  
E. Simonov ◽  
Yu.Yu. Dgebuadze ◽  
N.S. Mugue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
East African ◽  
Sympatric Forms ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Mtdna Markers

AbstractLarge African barbs of the genus Labeobarbus are widely distributed in African freshwaters, and exhibit profound phenotypic plasticity that could be a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. Using morphological, molecular, and stable isotope analyses, we investigated whether an adaptive radiation has occurred in a riverine assemblage of the L. gananensis complex. This complex is composed of six phenotypically distinct sympatric forms inhabiting the Genale River (Ethiopian highlands, East Africa). Of the six forms, five were divergent in their mouth morphology, corresponding to ‘generalized’, ‘lipped’, ‘scraping’ (two forms) and ‘large-mouthed’ phenotypes. Stable isotope analysis revealed differences in 15N and 13C among these forms, representing different foraging strategies (omnivorous, scraping and piscivorous). Phylogenetic analysis of two mtDNA markers confirmed the monophyly of L. gananensis, suggesting an intra-riverine radiation. However, the Genale assemblage appears to have originated through a combination of allopatric and sympatric events. Some of the specialized forms within this drainage originated independently from the local generalized forms in three different river regions within local ‘mini-flocks’ composed of two to three sympatric forms. Our study shows that adaptive radiation in rivers can be enhanced by a combination of sympatric speciation and temporal geographic isolation, leading to local sympatric speciation followed by migration.

Stable isotope analysis of termite food habits in East African grasslands

Oecologia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Boutton ◽  
M. A. Arshad ◽  
L. L. Tieszen
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
East African

scholarly journals Subcolony Variation in Breeding Success in the Tufted Puffin (Fratercula Cirrhata): Association With Foraging Ecology and Implications

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1157
Author(s):  
J. Mark Hipfner ◽  
Mathieu R. Charette ◽  
Gwylim S. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Tufted Puffin

Abstract Large-scale oceanographic processes are the main drivers of seabird breeding success, but small-scale processes, though not as well understood, can also be important. We compared the success of Tufted Puffins (Fratercula cirrhata) breeding at two subcolonies only 1.5 km apart on Triangle Island, British Columbia, Canada, 2002–2005. In addition, we used stable-isotope analysis to test the hypothesis that parental foraging strategies differed between the two subcolonies, potentially underlying the variation in breeding success. Success was concordant across years at the two sites but, overall, Tufted Puffins bred more successfully at Strata Rock than at Puffin Rock. They raised chicks in all four years at Strata Rock, but in only three years at Puffin Rock; in two of those three years, Strata Rock chicks were, on average, 60 g and 100 g heavier than Puffin Rock chicks just before fledging. Discriminant analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable-isotope ratios in egg yolk and chick blood in 2004 and 2005 indicated that parental foraging differed between the two subcolonies, with both spatial (δ13C) and trophic-level (δ15N) differences involved. Thus, our study demonstrates the existence of foraging asymmetries in a pelagic seabird at a small spatial scale (between subcolonies), complementing patterns found at larger scales (between colonies). Moreover, the foraging asymmetries were associated with inequalities in fitness measures. We conclude that small-scale processes—in this case, systematic differences in the foraging ecology of local groups—can interact with large-scale oceanographic processes to determine seabird breeding success. Variation sous-coloniale du succès de reproduction de Fratercula cirrhata: Association avec l'écologie de la quête alimentaire et implications

Foraging strategies of a generalist seabird species, the yellow-legged gull, from GPS tracking and stable isotope analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto F. Mendes ◽  
Jaime A. Ramos ◽  
Vitor H. Paiva ◽  
Joana G. Calado ◽  
Diana M. Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Early herding at Măgura-Boldul lui Moş Ivănuş (early sixth millennium BC, Romania): environments and seasonality from stable isotope analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Balasse ◽  
Adrian Bălăşescu ◽  
Anneke Janzen ◽  
Joël Ughetto-Monfrin ◽  
Pavel Mirea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Agricultural Communities ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Stable isotope analyses were conducted on faunal remains from the site of Măgura-Boldul lui Moş Ivănuş with the objective of characterizing the environments and seasonality of husbandry in the earliest Neolithic (Gura Baciului-Cârcea/Starčevo-Criş I) of southern Romania. Results from bone collagen analysis indicate extensive herding strategies for cattle and pigs. However, sequential analysis in tooth enamel also provides evidence for winter leaf foddering in one bovine, potentially kept by the settlement over winter. In some instances, sheep were fed a13C-enriched resource in late winter, which may have also coincided with lactation. It could not be determined whether this contribution was from C3or C4plants. Although isolated, these findings may be important in evaluating how early agricultural communities dealt with environmental constraints. These results are also interpreted with reference to the models of intensive mixed farming systems recently proposed by Bogaard (2004) and Halstead (2006).

Feeding ecology of non-native Siberian prawns, Palaemon modestus (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), in the lower Snake River, Washington, U.S.A.

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 721-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Tiffan ◽  
William R. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Caridean Shrimp ◽  
Opossum Shrimp ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Food Consumed

We used both stomach content and stable isotope analyses to describe the feeding ecology of Siberian prawns Palaemon modestus (Heller, 1862), a non-native caridean shrimp that is a relatively recent invader of the lower Snake River. Based on identifiable prey in stomachs, the opossum shrimp Neomysis mercedis Holmes, 1896 comprised up to 34-55% (by weight) of diets of juvenile to adult P. modestus, which showed little seasonal variation. Other predominant items/taxa consumed included detritus, amphipods, dipteran larvae, and oligochaetes. Stable isotope analysis supported diet results and also suggested that much of the food consumed by P. modestus that was not identifiable came from benthic sources — predominantly invertebrates of lower trophic levels and detritus. Palaemon modestus consumption of N. mercedis may pose a competitive threat to juvenile salmon and resident fishes which also rely heavily on that prey.

scholarly journals Manta birostris , predator of the deep? Insight into the diet of the giant manta ray through stable isotope analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 160717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine B. Burgess ◽  
Lydie I. E. Couturier ◽  
Andrea D. Marshall ◽  
Anthony J. Richardson ◽  
Scarla J. Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Manta Birostris ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
Manta Ray

The characterization of diet for the giant manta ray Manta birostris has been problematic given their large-scale movement patterns and the difficulty in obtaining stomach contents from this species. The large majority of existing information is based on observational data limited to feeding events at the sea surface during daylight. Recently discovered aggregation sites for the giant manta ray off mainland Ecuador are some of the most accessible to date and provide a unique opportunity for researchers to gather much needed information on this elusive species. To assess how important surface zooplankton is to giant manta ray diet, we conducted stable isotope analysis ( 15 N and 13 C) on M. birostris muscle and surface zooplankton. Trophic position estimates placed M. birostris overall at a secondary consumer level of approximately 3.4 but there was large variation in δ 15 N and δ 13 C values among individuals. Manta birostris muscle tissue δ 13 C values were also not consistent with this species feeding predominantly on surface zooplankton and suggest that the majority of dietary intake is of mesopelagic origin. Given the conservative life history and fisheries pressure on large planktivores, knowledge of their trophic role and foraging strategies is essential to better understand their ecology and develop effective conservation measures.

Dietary Histories

2018 ◽  
pp. 261-293
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Miller ◽  
Sabrina C. Agarwal ◽  
Carl H. Langebaek
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Chapter 8 reviews some of the stable isotope analysis studies of human skeletal remains that have taken a life course approach to understand childhood dietary practices in relation to adult dietary practices and concludes with a bioarchaeological case study from the Muisca of northern South America, in present-day Colombia. Archaeological dietary studies continue to contribute new understandings to human food practices and the layers of biological and social meaning that accompany that information, including evidence of the role of food in the socialization of children, gendered food differentiation, and the social relationships that become evidenced through repetitive food consumption practices. For dietary studies, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope analyses are used.

scholarly journals Detection of Leguminous Protein in Casein by Nitrogen Stable Isotopes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Joachim Molkentin
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Food Control ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotopes ◽  
Imitation Cheese ◽  
Isotope Analyses

Casein can legally be substituted with cheaper leguminous proteins in processed foods, such as imitation cheese, as long as the ingredients are declared. The detection of illegal admixtures of leguminous protein requires analytical procedures to identify an undisclosed adulteration of milk products. To investigate the suitability of stable isotope analyses as an alternative to more sophisticated methods, variations in d15N of soya (n = 27) and peanut (n = 10) protein, as well as casein (n = 14) were determined. Significant differences were established between d15N of casein (4.45 – 6.94‰) and soya (0.25 – 2.37‰) as well as peanut (0.70 – 2.13‰) protein. An average limit of detection for leguminous protein in casein was determined to be 2.1%, provided both components were available for additional analyses. Under practical conditions of food control, i.e., without having access to the actual ingredients, the variability of d15N resulted in an average limit of detection of 26.4%. Because protein d15N can be determined rapidly in crude food samples without elaborate sample preparation, stable isotope analysis can be used as a rapid screening method to determine the presence of higher amounts of leguminous protein in cheese and, in particular, to easily distinguish imitation cheese from cheese.

Gut contents and stable isotope analyses of the Antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps (Richardson), from two macroalgal communities

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill P. Zamzow ◽  
Craig F. Aumack ◽  
Charles D. Amsler ◽  
James B. McClintock ◽  
Margaret O. Amsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
Notothenia Coriiceps ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractGut contents studies have shown that Notothenia coriiceps, a prevalent shallow water fish species along the western Antarctic Peninsula, has a highly variable diet. This variability, coupled with small home ranges, suggest that microhabitat may play a role in determining the chief prey items of N. coriiceps. We trapped fish from three sites comprised of two different algal microhabitats around Palmer Station, Antarctica and investigated their diets via gut contents and stable isotope analyses. Gut contents analysis revealed that amphipods were the primary prey item at all three sites, but the distribution of amphipod species eaten varied between sites. Other important prey classes were snails, limpets, algae and fish. Overall, the gut content data suggested that algal microhabitat was less important than geographic location in determining diet. On the other hand, stable isotope analysis indicated that fish from the Palmaria decipiens site were more enriched in both carbon and nitrogen than fish from Desmarestia menziesii sites. Hence, it would appear that in the longer term, algal microhabitat may influence fish diets and trophic relationships.

scholarly journals DIETS OF EAST AFRICAN BOVIDAE BASED ON STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thure E. Cerling ◽  
John M. Harris ◽  
Benjamin H. Passey
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
East African
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