Feeding ecology of non-native Siberian prawns, Palaemon modestus (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), in the lower Snake River, Washington, U.S.A.

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 721-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Tiffan ◽  
William R. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Caridean Shrimp ◽  
Opossum Shrimp ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Food Consumed

We used both stomach content and stable isotope analyses to describe the feeding ecology of Siberian prawns Palaemon modestus (Heller, 1862), a non-native caridean shrimp that is a relatively recent invader of the lower Snake River. Based on identifiable prey in stomachs, the opossum shrimp Neomysis mercedis Holmes, 1896 comprised up to 34-55% (by weight) of diets of juvenile to adult P. modestus, which showed little seasonal variation. Other predominant items/taxa consumed included detritus, amphipods, dipteran larvae, and oligochaetes. Stable isotope analysis supported diet results and also suggested that much of the food consumed by P. modestus that was not identifiable came from benthic sources — predominantly invertebrates of lower trophic levels and detritus. Palaemon modestus consumption of N. mercedis may pose a competitive threat to juvenile salmon and resident fishes which also rely heavily on that prey.

scholarly journals Feeding Ecology of Three Euphausiid Species in the North Pacific Ocean Inferred From 18S V9 Metabarcoding and Stable Isotope Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanyu Zhou ◽  
Junya Hirai ◽  
Koji Hamasaki ◽  
Sachiko Horii ◽  
Atsushi Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Euphausiids are abundant micronekton and important links between higher and lower trophic levels in marine ecosystems; however, their detailed diets cannot be fully understood by conventional microscopy, especially in subtropical areas. Here, we report the euphausiid community structure in the California Current (CC) area and the eastern/western North Pacific subtropical gyre (ESG and WSG) and detail the feeding ecology of the dominant species (Euphausia pacifica, E. brevis, and E. hemigibba) in each region using a combined approach of gut content analysis via 18S V9 metabarcoding and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. A pronounced omnivorous feeding of all studied euphausiid species was supported by both methods: phytoplanktonic taxonomic groups (Dinophyta, Stramenopiles, and Archaeplastida), Copepoda, and Hydrozoa were detected in the gut contents; all the three euphausiid species displayed an intermediate trophic position between the net plankton (0.2–1.0 mm) and the myctophid fish (15.2–85.5 mm). However, Hydrozoa found in euphausiid gut contents likely derived from a potential cod-end feeding, based on isotope analysis. E. pacifica in the CC province ingested more autotrophic prey, including pelagophyte and green algae, due to a greater abundance of Stramenopiles and Archaeplastida in shallow layers of CC water. On the other hand, non-autotrophic prey such as mixotrophic Kareniaceae dinoflagellates, Pontellidae and Clausocalanidae copepods, and Sphaerozoidae rhizarian contributed more to the diets of E. brevis and E. hemigibba because of a lower chlorophyll a concentration or potentially a scarcity of autotrophic prey availability in ESG and WSG. The feeding patterns of dominant euphausiid species conducting filter feeding were thus largely determined by phytoplankton prey availability in the environments. Dietary difference across three species was also indicated by stable isotope analysis, with a lower mean trophic level of E. pacifica (2.32) than E. brevis (2.48) and E. hemigibba (2.57). These results verify direct trophic interactions between euphausiids and primary production and suggest that the omnivorous feeding habit is a favorable character for dominant Euphausia species.

scholarly journals Morphology and stable isotope analysis demonstrate different structuring of bat communities in rainforest and savannah habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 180849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ara Monadjem ◽  
Adam Kane ◽  
Peter Taylor ◽  
Leigh R. Richards ◽  
Grant Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Species Packing ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
The One ◽  
Ellipse Area

Bats play important ecological roles in tropical systems, yet how these communities are structured is still poorly understood. Our study explores the structure of African bat communities using morphological characters to define the morphospace occupied by these bats and stable isotope analysis to define their dietary niche breadth. We compared two communities, one in rainforest (Liberia) and one in savannah (South Africa), and asked whether the greater richness in the rainforest was due to more species ‘packing’ into the same morphospace and trophic space than bats from the savannah, or some other arrangement. In the rainforest, bats occupied a larger area in morphospace and species packing was higher than in the savannah; although this difference disappeared when comparing insectivorous bats only. There were also differences in morphospace occupied by different foraging groups (aerial, edge, clutter and fruitbat). Stable isotope analysis revealed that the range of δ 13 C values was almost double in rainforest than in savannah indicating a greater range of utilization of basal C 3 and C 4 resources in the former site, covering primary productivity from both these sources. The ranges in δ 15 N, however, were similar between the two habitats suggesting a similar number of trophic levels. Niche breadth, as defined by either standard ellipse area or convex hull, was greater for the bat community in rainforest than in savannah, with all four foraging groups having larger niche breadths in the former than the latter. The higher inter-species morphospace and niche breadth in forest bats suggest that species packing is not necessarily competitive. By employing morphometrics and stable isotope analysis, we have shown that the rainforest bat community packs more species in morphospace and uses a larger niche breadth than the one in savannah.

scholarly journals Application of stable isotope analysis to differentiate shrimp extracted by industrial fishing or produced through aquaculture practices

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1520-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Gamboa-Delgado ◽  
César Molina-Poveda ◽  
Daniel Enrique Godínez-Siordia ◽  
David Villarreal-Cavazos ◽  
Denis Ricque-Marie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Shrimp Farms

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values were determined in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with the objective of discriminating animals produced through aquaculture practices from those extracted from the wild. Farmed animals were collected at semi-intensive shrimp farms in Mexico and Ecuador. Fisheries-derived shrimps were caught in different fishing areas representing two estuarine systems and four open sea locations in Mexico and Ecuador. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values (δ13CVPDB and δ15NAIR) allowed clear differentiation of wild from farmed animals. δ13CVPDB and δ15NAIR values in shrimps collected in the open sea were isotopically enriched (−16.99‰ and 11.57‰), indicating that these organisms belong to higher trophic levels than farmed animals. δ13CVPDB and δ15NAIR values of farmed animals (−19.72‰ and 7.85‰, respectively) partially overlapped with values measured in animals collected in estuaries (−18.46‰ and 5.38‰, respectively). Canonical discriminant analysis showed that when used separately and in conjunction, δ13CVPDB and δ15NAIR values were powerful discriminatory variables and demonstrate the viability of isotopic evaluations to distinguish wild-caught shrimps from aquaculture shrimps. Methodological improvements will define a verification tool to support shrimp traceability protocols.

Habitat, trophic levels and migration patterns of the short-finned squid Illex argentinus from stable isotope analysis of beak regions

Polar Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2299-2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Queirós ◽  
Richard A. Phillips ◽  
Alexandra Baeta ◽  
José Abreu ◽  
José C. Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Illex Argentinus ◽  
And Migration

Trophic ecology of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) based on stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and stomach content

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Berenice Hernández-Aguilar ◽  
Ofelia Escobar-Sánchez ◽  
Felipe Galván-Magaña ◽  
Leonardo Andrés Abitia-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Baja California Sur ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Prionace Glauca

Occupying the upper levels of trophic webs and thus regulating prey at lower levels, sharks play an important role in the trophic structure and energy dynamics of marine ecosystems. In recent years, the removal of these individuals from upper trophic levels as a result of overfishing has negatively affected ecosystems. We analysed the diet of blue sharks (Prionace glauca) caught off the west coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, during the months of February–June in 2001, 2005 and 2006. We employed both stomach content and stable isotope analyses as each method provides distinct yet important information regarding the role of blue sharks in marine food webs, allowing us to estimate the relative contribution of different prey items to this predator's diet. Of the 368 stomachs analysed, 210 contained food (57%) and 158 (43%) were empty. Based on stomach contents and the index of relative importance (IRI), the pelagic red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes) was the most important prey, followed by the squids Gonatus californiensis (34.1%) and Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (10.4%). The mean (±SD) values for δ15N (16.48 ± 0.94‰) and δ13C (−18.48 ± 0.63‰) suggest that blue sharks prefer feeding in oceanic waters. The trophic level based on stomach content analysis was 4.05, while that based on the stable isotope analysis was 3.8, making blue sharks top consumers in the marine ecosystem of Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Stable isotope analysis reveals feeding ecology and trophic position of black marlin off eastern Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 104821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chuan Chiang ◽  
Ching-Tsun Chang ◽  
Daniel J. Madigan ◽  
Aaron B. Carlisle ◽  
Michael K. Musyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis

Trophic guilds of generalist feeders in soil animal communities as indicated by stable isotope analysis (15N/14N)

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Oelbermann ◽  
S. Scheu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Soil Arthropods ◽  
Trophic Guilds ◽  
Natural Variations ◽  
Animal Communities

AbstractWe investigated if the commonly used aggregation of organisms into trophic guilds, such as detritivores and predators, in fact represent distinct trophic levels. Soil arthropods of a forest-meadow transect were ascribed a priori to trophic guilds (herbivores, detritivores, predators and necrovores), which are often used as an equivalent to trophic levels. We analysed natural variations in 15N/14N ratios of the animals in order to investigate the trophic similarity of organisms within (a priori defined) trophic guilds. Using trophic guilds as an equivalent to trophic level, the assumed stepwise enrichment of 15N by 3.4‰ per trophic level did not apply to detritivores; they were only enriched in 15N by on average 1.5‰ compared to litter materials. Predators on average were enriched in 15N by 3.5‰ compared to detritivores. Within detritvores and predators δ15N signatures varied markedly, indicating that these trophic guilds are dominated by generalist feeders which form a gradient of organisms feeding on different resources. The results indicate that commonly used trophic guilds, in particular detritivores and predators, do not represent trophic levels but consist of subguilds, i.e. subsets of organisms differing in resource utilization. In particular, in soil and litter food webs where trophic level omnivory is common, the use of distinct trophic levels may be inappropriate. Guilds of species delineated by natural variations of stable isotope ratios are assumed to more adequately represent the structure of litter and soil food webs allowing a more detailed understanding of their functioning.

scholarly journals Diet and stable isotope analyses reveal the feeding ecology of the orangeback squid Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Steenstrup 1855) (Mollusca, Ommastrephidae) in the eastern tropical Atlantic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0189691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Merten ◽  
Bernd Christiansen ◽  
Jamileh Javidpour ◽  
Uwe Piatkowski ◽  
Oscar Puebla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Stable Isotope Analyses ◽  
Isotope Analyses

scholarly journals Preliminary examination of food web structure of Nicola Lake (Taim Hydrological System, south Brazil) using dual C and N stable isotope analyses

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Garcia ◽  
David J. Hoeinghaus ◽  
João P. Vieira ◽  
Kirk O. Winemiller ◽  
David M. L. Motta Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratio ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Hydrological System

Taim Ecological Reserve is located within the Taim Hydrological System and was created to protect a heterogeneous and productive landscape harboring exceptional biological diversity in southern Brazil. Using stable isotope ratio analyses of carbon (delta13C) and nitrogen (delta15N), we provide a preliminary description of the food web structure, including estimates of production sources supporting fish populations and vertical trophic structure, within a representative lake of this system. A total of 21 organisms (5 macrophytes, 3 mollusks and 13 adult fishes) representing 16 species were collected for isotope analysis. Fishes had delta13C values ranging from -24.30º/oo to -28.31º/oo , showing concordance with the range of values observed for macrophytes (-25.49 to -27.10º/oo), and suggesting that these plants could be a major carbon source supporting these fishes. delta13C signatures of Corbicula (-30.81º/oo) and Pomacea (-24.26º/oo) indirectly suggest that phytoplankton and benthic algae could be alternative carbon sources for some consumers. Nitrogen isotope ratios indicated approximately three consumer trophic levels. The pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis was a primary consumer. Two catfishes (Trachelyopterus lucenai and Loricariichthys anus) were secondary consumers. Two congeneric pike cichclids (Crenicichla lepidota and C. punctata), a catfish (Pimelodus maculatus) and the characids Astyanax fasciatus and Oligosarcus robustus were tertiary consumers. Further studies including additional primary producers and consumers and greater sample numbers should be conducted to provide a more complete and detailed description of food web structure and dynamics within the reserve.

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