scholarly journals Implementation and Integration of Microbial Source Tracking in a River Watershed Monitoring Plan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisenda Ballesté ◽  
Katalin Demeter ◽  
Bartholomew Masterson ◽  
Natàlia Timoneda ◽  
Wim G. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Human Pollution

AbstractFecal pollution of water bodies poses a serious threat for public health and ecosystems. Microbial source tracking (MST) using host specific bacteria are used to track the source of this potential pollution and be able to perform a better management of the pollution at the source. In this study we tested 12 molecular MST markers to track human, ruminant, sheep, horse, pig and gull pollution to determine their usefulness in their application for an effective management of water quality. First, the potential of the selected markers to track the source was evaluated using fresh fecal samples. Subsequently, we evaluated their performance in a catchment with different impacts, considering land use and environmental conditions. All MST markers showed high sensitivity and specificity, although none achieved 100% for both. Although some of the MST markers were detected in hosts other than the intended ones, their abundance in the target group was always several orders of magnitude higher than in the non-target hosts, demonstrating their suitability to distinguish between sources of pollution. The MST analysis matched the land use in the watershed allowing a very accurate assessment of the main hazards and sources of pollution, in this case mainly human and ruminant pollution. Correlating environmental parameters like temperature and rainfall with the levels of the MST markers provided insight into the dynamics of the pollution along the catchment. The levels of the human associated marker showed a significant negative correlation with rainfall in human polluted areas suggesting a dilution of the pollution, whereas at agricultural areas the ruminant marker increased with rainfall. There were no seasonal differences in the levels of human marker, indicating human pollution as a constant pressure throughout the year, whereas the levels of the ruminant marker was influenced by the seasons, being more abundant in summer and autumn. Performing MST analysis integrated with land uses and environmental data can improve the management of fecal polluted areas and set up good practices.

scholarly journals Relationships between soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen fixing, nitrifying and denitrifying under varying land-use practices in the northwest region of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pérez Brandan ◽  
Annabel Meyer ◽  
José Manuel Meriles ◽  
Jorgelina Huidobro ◽  
Michael Schloter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Microbial Groups

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response pattern of diazotrophic microbes, denitrifiers and nitrifiers to different types of land use management, such as soybean monoculture (M) during 5 and 24 years (M5 and M24) and soybean-maize rotation (R) during 4 and 15 years (R4 and R15) in two subsequent years at the time point of flowering. Soil samples from a site recently introduced into agriculture (RUA) and a pristine soil under native vegetation (NV) were used as controls. Abundances of different functional groups of microbes were assessed using the direct quantification of marker genes by quantitative real-time PCR using extracted DNA from rhizosphere samples. In addition, soil chemical and physical properties were analysed and correlated with the abundance data from the functional microbial groups under investigation. Overall, the results indicate that the abundance of nifH genes was higher under R treatments compared to M treatments. The abundance of ammonium monooxygenase genes amoA (AOA) was generally higher under rotation systems and decreased under M24. RUA evidenced a negative effect on the establishment and development of AOA communities. The influence of land use on nirS abundance was inconsistent. However, R treatments showed a high abundance of nirK genes compared to M treatments. In both growing seasons, the abundance of nosZ genes was higher under NV compared with the other treatments. Furthermore, M24 treatment was related to strongly changed chemical and physical soil properties compared with the other sites. As expected, soil samples from RUA showed the strong dynamics of measured parameters indicating the high sensitivity of soils under transition to environmental parameters. Our results also indicated that the long-term crop rotation modified the abundance of the investigated microbial groups compared to the monoculture and increased soil chemical and physical quality. Therefore, our results provide evidence for a stimulatory effect of the long-term crop rotation on the abundance of microbes involved in N transformation.

Human and animal microbial source tracking in a tropical river with multiple land use activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akechai Kongprajug ◽  
Natcha Chyerochana ◽  
Pornjira Somnark ◽  
Pinida Leelapanang Kampaengthong ◽  
Skorn Mongkolsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Tropical River ◽  
Multiple Land Use

scholarly journals Determining the primary sources of fecal pollution using microbial source tracking assays combined with land-use information in the Edwards Aquifer

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 116211
Author(s):  
Jessica Hinojosa ◽  
Jemima Green ◽  
Fabiola Estrada ◽  
Jonathan Herrera ◽  
Troy Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Edwards Aquifer

scholarly journals Environmental and Air Pollution Factors Affecting Allergic Eye Disease in Children and Adolescents in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5611
Author(s):  
Anthony Vipin Das ◽  
Sayan Basu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

The aim of this study was to describe the correlation between the meteorological and air pollution parameters with the temporal pattern of presentation of recent onset allergic eye disease (AED). This cross-sectional hospital-based study included new patients (≤21 years of age) presenting between January 2016 and August 2018 from the district of Hyderabad with a clinical diagnosis of AED and an acute exacerbation of recent onset of symptoms of less than 3 months duration. Correlation analysis was performed with the local environmental rainfall, temperature, humidity, windspeed, and air pollution. Of the 25,354 new patients hailing from the district of Hyderabad, 2494 (9.84%) patients were diagnosed with AED, of which 1062 (4.19%) patients had recent onset of symptoms. The mean monthly prevalence in this cohort was 4.13%, and the month of May (6.09%) showed the highest levels. The environmental parameters of humidity (r2 = 0.83/p = < 0.0001) and rainfall (r2 = 0.41/p = 0.0232) showed significant negative correlation, while temperature (r2 = 0.43/p = 0.0206) and ground-level ozone (r2 = 0.41/p = 0.0005) showed significant positive correlation with the temporal pattern of AED in the population. An increase in rainfall and humidity was associated with a lower prevalence, and an increase of temperature and ground-level ozone was associated with a higher prevalence of AED cases during the year among children and adolescents.

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