Functional characterization of genes mediating cell wall metabolism and responses to plant cell wall integrity impairment

AbstractPlant cell walls participate in all plant-environment interactions. Maintaining cell wall integrity (CWI) during these interactions is essential. This realization led to increased interest in CWI and resulted in knowledge regarding early perception and signalling mechanisms active during CWI maintenance. By contrast, knowledge regarding processes mediating changes in cell wall metabolism upon CWI impairment is very limited. To identify genes involved and to investigate their contributions to the processes we selected 23 genes with altered expression in response to CWI impairment and characterized the impact of T-DNA insertions in these genes on cell wall composition using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Insertions in 14 genes led to cell wall phenotypes detectable by FTIR. A detailed analysis of four genes found that their altered expression upon CWI impairment is dependent on THE1 activity, a key component of CWI maintenance. Phenotypic characterizations of insertion lines suggest that the four genes are required for particular aspects of CWI maintenance, cell wall composition or resistance to Plectosphaerella cucumerina infection in adult plants. Taken together, the results implicate the genes in responses to CWI impairment, cell wall metabolism and/or pathogen defence, thus identifying new molecular components and processes relevant for CWI maintenance.

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Functional characterization of genes mediating cell wall metabolism and responses to plant cell wall integrity impairment

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1934-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Timo Engelsdorf ◽

Lars Kjaer ◽

Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽

Lauri Vaahtera ◽

Stefan Bauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Cell Wall Integrity ◽

Cell Wall Metabolism

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Correction to: Functional characterization of genes mediating cell wall metabolism and responses to plant cell wall integrity impairment

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-019-1995-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Timo Engelsdorf ◽

Lars Kjaer ◽

Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽

Lauri Vaahtera ◽

Stefan Bauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Cell Wall Integrity ◽

Cell Wall Metabolism

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The plant cell wall integrity maintenance and immune signaling systems cooperate to control stress responses inArabidopsis thaliana

Science Signaling ◽

10.1126/scisignal.aao3070 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (536) ◽

pp. eaao3070 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Timo Engelsdorf ◽

Nora Gigli-Bisceglia ◽

Manikandan Veerabagu ◽

Joseph F. McKenna ◽

Lauri Vaahtera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Integrity ◽

Immune Signaling ◽

Signaling Systems

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From plant cell wall metabolism and plasticity to cell wall biotechnology

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/ppl.12794 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 164 (1) ◽

pp. 2-4

Author(s):

Thorsten Hamann ◽

Anna Kärkönen ◽

Kirsten Krause

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Metabolism

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Plant Cell Wall Composition: Does Ploidy Matter?

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.18.01455 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 179 (1) ◽

pp. 16-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leonor C. Boavida

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Composition

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DNA nanostructures coordinate gene silencing in mature plants

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1818290116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (15) ◽

pp. 7543-7548 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Huan Zhang ◽

Gozde S. Demirer ◽

Honglu Zhang ◽

Tianzheng Ye ◽

Natalie S. Goh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Gene Silencing ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cells ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Dna Nanostructures ◽

Dna Nanostructure ◽

The Impact

Delivery of biomolecules to plants relies onAgrobacteriuminfection or biolistic particle delivery, the former of which is amenable only to DNA delivery. The difficulty in delivering functional biomolecules such as RNA to plant cells is due to the plant cell wall, which is absent in mammalian cells and poses the dominant physical barrier to biomolecule delivery in plants. DNA nanostructure-mediated biomolecule delivery is an effective strategy to deliver cargoes across the lipid bilayer of mammalian cells; however, nanoparticle-mediated delivery without external mechanical aid remains unexplored for biomolecule delivery across the cell wall in plants. Herein, we report a systematic assessment of different DNA nanostructures for their ability to internalize into cells of mature plants, deliver siRNAs, and effectively silence a constitutively expressed gene inNicotiana benthamianaleaves. We show that nanostructure internalization into plant cells and corresponding gene silencing efficiency depends on the DNA nanostructure size, shape, compactness, stiffness, and location of the siRNA attachment locus on the nanostructure. We further confirm that the internalization efficiency of DNA nanostructures correlates with their respective gene silencing efficiencies but that the endogenous gene silencing pathway depends on the siRNA attachment locus. Our work establishes the feasibility of biomolecule delivery to plants with DNA nanostructures and both details the design parameters of importance for plant cell internalization and also assesses the impact of DNA nanostructure geometry for gene silencing mechanisms.

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Dependence of Plant Cell Wall Composition and Structure on Cellulose Synthase-Like Knock Out Mutant

Biophysical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.3219 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 590a-591a

Author(s):

Andreia M. Smith-Moritz ◽

Jeemeng Lao ◽

Joshua L. Heazlewood ◽

Pamela C. Ronald ◽

Miguel E. Vega-Sanchez

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Cell Wall Composition ◽

Knock Out ◽

Composition And Structure

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Feeding the Walls: How Does Nutrient Availability Regulate Cell Wall Composition?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19092691 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 2691 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michael Ogden ◽

Rainer Hoefgen ◽

Ute Roessner ◽

Staffan Persson ◽

Ghazanfar Khan

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Cell Wall Composition ◽

Nutrient Sensing ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Wall Components

Nutrients are critical for plants to grow and develop, and nutrient depletion severely affects crop yield. In order to optimize nutrient acquisition, plants adapt their growth and root architecture. Changes in growth are determined by modifications in the cell walls surrounding every plant cell. The plant cell wall, which is largely composed of complex polysaccharides, is essential for plants to attain their shape and to protect cells against the environment. Within the cell wall, cellulose strands form microfibrils that act as a framework for other wall components, including hemicelluloses, pectins, proteins, and, in some cases, callose, lignin, and suberin. Cell wall composition varies, depending on cell and tissue type. It is governed by synthesis, deposition and remodeling of wall components, and determines the physical and structural properties of the cell wall. How nutrient status affects cell wall synthesis and organization, and thus plant growth and morphology, remains poorly understood. In this review, we aim to summarize and synthesize research on the adaptation of root cell walls in response to nutrient availability and the potential role of cell walls in nutrient sensing.

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