scholarly journals Estimating serotype-specific efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines using hierarchical models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L Warren ◽  
Daniel M. Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Hierarchical Statistical Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

AbstractPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) target 10 or 13 specific serotypes. To evaluate vaccine efficacy for these products, the vaccine-targeted serotypes are typically aggregated into a single group to estimate an overall effect. However, it is often desirable to evaluate variations in effects for different serotypes. These serotype-specific estimates are often based on small numbers, resulting in a high degree of uncertainty and instability in the individual estimates. A better approach is to use a Bayesian hierarchical statistical model, which estimates an overall effectiveness of the vaccine across all vaccine-targeted serotypes but also allows the effect to vary by serotype. We re-analyzed published data from a large randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of PCV13 against non-bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia caused by vaccine-targeted serotype. This model provides a potential framework for obtaining more credible and stable estimates of serotype-specific vaccine efficacy and effectiveness.

Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of extended serotype-covering multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (49) ◽  
pp. 7747-7755
Author(s):  
Jung Yeon Heo ◽  
Yu Bin Seo ◽  
Hye Won Jeong ◽  
Min Joo Choi ◽  
Kyung Hoon Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Diseases Caused by Serotype Replacement in Colombia: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Infants and Its Herd Protection in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime E. Ordóñez ◽  
Angélica Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
Strategy Versus

Abstract Background. The recent and available evidence on the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes, which affects the effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), suggest that additional health economic studies will be important for better understanding of potential economic benefits of pneumococcal vaccination. Methods A cohort simulation model was used for new births in Colombia between 2019-2022 and adults over 65 years, from social perspective (direct and indirect costs). The time horizon was a life expectancy and discount rate for costs and benefits of 5%. The outcomes were presented in terms of avoided pneumococcal diseases ─ Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD), Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Acute Otitis Media (AOM), and sequelae─, years of life gained (AVG) and herd effect in older adults.Results. Based on data from National Data of the serotype distribution between 2017-2019, PCV10 covers 5% of serotypes while PCV13 63%. The additional cases that PCV13 would prevent are in children: 1,205 cases of IPD, 60,274 of CAP, 26,619 of AOM, 3,980 deaths, 28 cases of neuromotor disability and 1,251 cochlear implants. In older adults, PCV13 would prevent 818 additional cases of IPD and 29,983 of CAP, generating 149,186 additional LYGs to those of PCV10 with a saving to the health system and patients of US $ 169,261 thousand. The model shows robustness in the sensibility analysis.Conclusion. PCV13 is a cost-saving strategy versus PCV10 to prevent pneumococcal diseases.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide 3

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle Babb ◽  
Christopher R. Doyle ◽  
Liise-anne Pirofski
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Despite the global success of vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, serotype 3 (ST3) pneumococcus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In comparison to other vaccine-included serotypes, the ST3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS3) induces a weaker opsonophagocytic response, which is considered a correlate of vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Avidity of Antibodies Evoked by Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines PncCRM and PncOMPC in the Finnish Otitis Media Vaccine Trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Ekström ◽  
Heidi Åhman ◽  
Jouko Verho ◽  
Jukka Jokinen ◽  
Merja Väkeväinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Correlates Of Protection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT The licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) relies on immunogenicity data. When defining correlates of protection, vaccine efficacy data must be included. In the FinOM Vaccine Efficacy Trial, the PncOMPC vaccine showed an efficacy profile similar to that of the licensed PncCRM vaccine despite different antibody responses after primary and booster vaccinations. We determined antibody kinetics and avidities in a subgroup of infants participating in the FinOM trial. A total of 166 infants in three vaccine groups were immunized at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age with 7-valent PCV, PncCRM or PncOMPC, or hepatitis B vaccine. Concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were determined at 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, and 24 months of age, and the avidity index (AI) to serotypes 6B, 19F, and 23F were determined at 7, 12, 13, and 24 months of age by enzyme immunoassay. Both PCVs were highly immunogenic, but they demonstrated different kinetics of antibody response; the concentration of IgG against serotypes 6B, 19F, and 23F declined faster after the third and fourth doses of vaccine in the PncCRM group than in the PncOMPC group. For both PCVs, the mean AI of anti-6B and -23F, but not of anti-19F, increased during the follow-up, which is in line with serotype-specific protection in the FinOM trial. Our data suggest that the kinetics and avidities of antibodies should be considered, in addition to antibody responses, when defining correlates of protection.

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