scholarly journals Aversive Learning Increases Release Probability of Olfactory Sensory Neurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janardhan P. Bhattarai ◽  
Mary Schreck ◽  
Andrew H. Moberly ◽  
Wenqin Luo ◽  
Minghong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Aversive Learning ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Release Probability ◽  
Synaptic Release ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Cortical Influence

AbstractPredicting danger from previously associated sensory stimuli is essential for survival. Contributions from altered peripheral sensory inputs are implicated in this process, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we use the mammalian olfactory system to investigate such mechanisms. Primary olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) project their axons directly to the olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli where their synaptic release is subject to local and cortical influence and neuromodulation. Pairing optogenetic activation of a single glomerulus with foot shock in mice induces freezing to the light stimulation alone during fear retrieval. This is accompanied by an increase in OSN release probability and a reduction in GABAB receptor expression in the conditioned glomerulus. Furthermore, freezing time is positively correlated with the release probability of OSNs in fear conditioned mice. These results suggest that aversive learning increases peripheral olfactory inputs at the first synapse, which may contribute to the behavioral outcome.

scholarly journals Aversive Learning Increases Release Probability of Olfactory Sensory Neurons

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janardhan P. Bhattarai ◽  
Mary Schreck ◽  
Andrew H. Moberly ◽  
Wenqin Luo ◽  
Minghong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Aversive Learning ◽  
Release Probability

scholarly journals Glial ensheathment of the somatodendritic compartment regulates sensory neuron structure and activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 5126-5134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Yadav ◽  
Susan H. Younger ◽  
Linghua Zhang ◽  
Katherine L. Thompson-Peer ◽  
Tun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neuron ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Neuronal Soma ◽  
Selective Elimination ◽  
Light Stimuli ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Structure And Activity

Sensory neurons perceive environmental cues and are important of organismal survival. Peripheral sensory neurons interact intimately with glial cells. While the function of axonal ensheathment by glia is well studied, less is known about the functional significance of glial interaction with the somatodendritic compartment of neurons. Herein, we show that three distinct glia cell types differentially wrap around the axonal and somatodendritic surface of the polymodal dendritic arborization (da) neuron of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system for detection of thermal, mechanical, and light stimuli. We find that glial cell-specific loss of the chromatin modifier gene dATRX in the subperineurial glial layer leads to selective elimination of somatodendritic glial ensheathment, thus allowing us to investigate the function of such ensheathment. We find that somatodendritic glial ensheathment regulates the morphology of the dendritic arbor, as well as the activity of the sensory neuron, in response to sensory stimuli. Additionally, glial ensheathment of the neuronal soma influences dendritic regeneration after injury.

scholarly journals Modulation of Spontaneous and Odorant-Evoked Activity of Rat Olfactory Sensory Neurons by Two Anorectic Peptides, Insulin and Leptin

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 2898-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Savigner ◽  
Patricia Duchamp-Viret ◽  
Xavier Grosmaitre ◽  
Michel Chaput ◽  
Samuel Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Clamp ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In mammals, the sense of smell is modulated by the status of satiety, which is mainly signaled by blood-circulating peptide hormones. However, the underlying mechanisms linking olfaction and food intake are poorly understood. Here we investigated the effects of two anorectic peptides, insulin and leptin, on the functional properties of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Using patch-clamp recordings, we analyzed the spontaneous activity of rat OSNs in an in vitro intact epithelium preparation. Bath perfusion of insulin and leptin significantly increased the spontaneous firing frequency in 91.7% ( n = 24) and 75.0% ( n = 24) of the cells, respectively. When the activity was electrically evoked, both peptides shortened the latency to the first action potential by ∼25% and decreased the interspike intervals by ∼13%. While insulin and leptin enhanced the electrical excitability of OSNs in the absence of odorants, they surprisingly reduced the odorant-induced activity in the olfactory epithelium. Insulin and leptin decreased the peak amplitudes of isoamyl acetate-induced electroolfactogram (EOG) signals to 46 and 38%, respectively. When measured in individual cells by patch-clamp recordings, insulin and leptin decreased odorant-induced transduction currents and receptor potentials. Therefore by increasing the spontaneous activity but reducing the odorant-induced activity of OSNs, an elevated insulin and leptin level (such as after a meal) may result in a decreased global signal-to-noise ratio in the olfactory epithelium, which matches the smell ability to the satiety status.

scholarly journals Coordination of olfactory receptor choice with guidance receptor expression and function in olfactory sensory neurons

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e1007164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Dang ◽  
Stephen A. Fisher ◽  
Derek J. Stefanik ◽  
Junhyong Kim ◽  
Jonathan A. Raper
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Lhx2 Determines Odorant Receptor Expression Frequency in Mature Olfactory Sensory Neurons

eNeuro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0230-16.2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangfan Zhang ◽  
William B. Titlow ◽  
Stephanie M. Biecker ◽  
Arnold J. Stromberg ◽  
Timothy S. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Expression Frequency

The C. elegans homeodomain gene unc-42 regulates chemosensory and glutamate receptor expression

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
pp. 2241-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baran ◽  
R. Aronoff ◽  
G. Garriga
Keyword(s):  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
C Elegans

Genes that specify cell fate can influence multiple aspects of neuronal differentiation, including axon guidance, target selection and synapse formation. Mutations in the unc-42 gene disrupt axon guidance along the C. elegans ventral nerve cord and cause distinct functional defects in sensory-locomotory neural circuits. Here we show that unc-42 encodes a novel homeodomain protein that specifies the fate of three classes of neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system: the ASH polymodal sensory neurons, the AVA, AVD and AVE interneurons that mediate repulsive sensory stimuli to the nematode head and anterior body, and a subset of motor neurons that innervate head and body-wall muscles. unc-42 is required for the expression of cell-surface receptors that are essential for the mature function of these neurons. In mutant animals, the ASH sensory neurons fail to express SRA-6 and SRB-6, putative chemosensory receptors. The AVA, AVD and AVE interneurons and RME and RMD motor neurons of unc-42 mutants similarly fail to express the GLR-1 glutamate receptor. These results show that unc-42 performs an essential role in defining neuron identity and contributes to the establishment of neural circuits in C. elegans by regulating the transcription of glutamate and chemosensory receptor genes.

scholarly journals Semiochemical responsive olfactory sensory neurons are sexually dimorphic and plastic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashutosh Vihani ◽  
Xiaoyang Serene Hu ◽  
Sivaji Gundala ◽  
Sachiko Koyama ◽  
Eric Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractUnderstanding how genes and experiences work in concert to generate phenotypic variability will provide a better understanding of individuality. Here, we considered this in the context of the main olfactory epithelium, a chemosensory structure with over a thousand distinct cell-types, in mice. We identified a subpopulation of at least three types of olfactory sensory neurons, defined by receptor expression, whose abundances were sexually dimorphic. This subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons was over-represented in sex-separated female mice and responded robustly to the male-specific semiochemicals 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothaizole and (methylthio)methanethiol. Sex-combined housing led to a robust attenuation of the female over-representation. Testing of Bax null mice revealed a Bax-dependence in generating the sexual dimorphism in sex-separated mice. Altogether, our results suggest a profound role of experience in influencing homeostatic neural lifespan mechanisms to generate a robust sexually dimorphic phenotype in the main olfactory epithelium.

scholarly journals Decoding the olfactory map: targeted transcriptomics link olfactory sensory neurons to glomeruli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W Zhu ◽  
Shawn D Burton ◽  
Maira H Nagai ◽  
Justin D Silverman ◽  
Claire A de March ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Central Neurons ◽  
Target Capture ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Sensory processing in vertebrate olfactory systems is organized across olfactory bulb glomeruli, wherein axons of peripheral sensory neurons expressing the same olfactory receptor co-terminate to transmit receptor-specific activity to central neurons. Understanding how receptors map to glomeruli is therefore critical to understanding olfaction. High-throughput spatial transcriptomics is a rapidly advancing field, but low-abundance olfactory receptor expression within glomeruli has previously precluded high-throughput mapping of receptors to glomeruli. Here we combined spatial sectioning along the anteroposterior, dorsoventral, and mediolateral axes with target capture enrichment sequencing to overcome low-abundance target expression. This strategy allowed us to spatially map 86% of olfactory receptors across the olfactory bulb and uncover a relationship between OR sequence and glomerular position.

scholarly journals Semiochemical responsive olfactory sensory neurons are sexually dimorphic and plastic

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashutosh Vihani ◽  
Xiaoyang Serene Hu ◽  
Sivaji Gundala ◽  
Sachiko Koyama ◽  
Eric Block ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Distinct Cell

Understanding how genes and experience work in concert to generate phenotypic variability will provide a better understanding of individuality. Here, we considered this in the main olfactory epithelium, a chemosensory structure with over a thousand distinct cell types in mice. We identified a subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons, defined by receptor expression, whose abundances were sexually dimorphic. This subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons was over-represented in sex-separated mice and robustly responsive to sex-specific semiochemicals. Sex-combined housing led to an attenuation of the dimorphic representations. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed an axis of activity-dependent gene expression amongst a subset of the dimorphic OSN populations. Finally, the pro-apoptotic gene Baxwas necessary to generate the dimorphic representations. Altogether, our results suggest a role of experience and activity in influencing homeostatic mechanisms to generate a robust sexually dimorphic phenotype in the main olfactory epithelium.

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