scholarly journals Not a one-way road – severity, progression and prevention of firework fears in dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractNoise fears represent a highly prevalent welfare problem in dogs. An online survey was performed to explore severity and progression of firework fears in dogs, and relationships with demographics, health, behaviour problems, and owners’ training efforts to prevent or alleviate firework fears. 1225 responses were analysed. Fifty-two percent of dogs were at least partially affected by firework fears, and the great majority developed a fear of fireworks in the first year of life, with a decreasing frequency of new occurrences up until seven years, and only few newly affected dogs beyond this age. While almost three quarters of fearful dogs had recovered by the next morning, recovery took up to one day in 10%, up to one week in 12%, and several weeks or even months in >3%. Univariate analyses indicated a significant effect of breed group, age, sex, neuter status, origin and age at acquisition on severity of firework fears in dogs. However, binomial models including multiple predictors of presence/ absence of firework fears identified only age, breed group (mixed breeds being most affected), health problems, and an interaction between health problems and age as significant predictors. This discrepancy might be explained by collinearities of predictors and underlying differences between mixed-breed dogs and purebreds, such as mixed breeds being acquired from shelters more often, being adopted at higher ages, and being neutered more often. Firework fears are highly correlated with fears of gunshots and thunder, and to a low extent with fears of other noises, but not with any other behavioural problems. Both improvement and deterioration of firework fears were frequently reported. While an early age of onset and breed differences point to a strong genetic contribution to firework fears, training puppies or non-fearful adults to associate the noise with positive stimuli is highly effective in preventing later development of firework fears.

Meningococcal Meningitis in Familial Deficiency of the Fifth Component of Complement

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-886
Author(s):  
Georges Peter ◽  
Mary Beth Weigert ◽  
Arthur A. Bissel ◽  
Ronald Gold ◽  
Donald Kreutzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hemolytic Assay ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hemolytic Complement Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life

Absence of the fifth component of complement (C5) by immunochemical assay and marked deficiency by hemolytic assay (<0.1%) was found in a family in which the oldest male child had suffered severe and recurrent meningococcemia at age 15 years, two brothers developed meningococcal meningitis four years later (at ages 18 and 14 years), and a sister had the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome. Although group-specific meningococcal antibody was present in the sera from all four siblings, serum bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis could be demonstrated only in the presence of exogeous rabbit complement. Serum total hemolytic complement activity was undetectable in all four, but was restored to normal by the addition of purified C5. Subsequently, a second episode of group Y meningococcal meningitis was experienced by one brother and presumed gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome recurred in the sister. The family is the largest C5-deficient kindred to be reported and emphasizes the importance of C5 in host susceptibility to invasive Neisseria infections. In contrast to the peak incidence of N meningitidis disease in the general population in the first year of life, age of onset of meningococcal infection in these patients and in the 13 previously reported patients with terminal complement component deficiency has usually been in adolescence and early adulthood.

scholarly journals Patterns of skill attainment and loss in young children with autism

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Thurm ◽  
Stacy S. Manwaring ◽  
David A. Luckenbaugh ◽  
Catherine Lord ◽  
Susan E. Swedo
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to extend the literature on the ontogeny of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by examining early attainment and loss of specific sociocommunicative skills in children with autism (AUT; n = 125), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS; n = 42), nonspectrum developmental delays (n = 46), and typical development (n = 31). The ages of skill attainment and loss were obtained from a caregiver interview. The findings indicated that children with AUT, PDD-NOS, and developmental delays diverged from typically developing children in attainment of sociocommunicative skills early in the first year of life. Loss of at least one skill was reported in a majority of children with AUT and PDD-NOS. Significant delays in attainment of skills were also reported in children who lost skills. The wide variation in skill attainment and loss reported across children indicates that symptom onset and regression may be best represented continuously, with at least some early delay and loss present for a great majority of children with ASD.

SHOULD STEROIDS BE USED IN TREATING BRONCHIOLITIS?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-642
Author(s):  
Sumner J. Yaffe ◽  
Charles F. Weiss ◽  
Howard M. Cann ◽  
Arnold P. Gold ◽  
Frederic M. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
First Year ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

Since their introduction into clinical use, corticosteroids have been employed as therapeutic agents in virtually every known disease state, ranging from minor dermatologic disorders to major and serious diseases. These agents have undoubtedly altered the clinical picture and prognosis of certain diseases. However, the use of corticosteroids is always potentially associated with a variety of untoward effects, some of which may be life threatening, i.e., decreased resistance to infection, growth retardation, neurological reactions, hypertension, peptic ulcerations, and many others.1 The time honored principle—first do no harm—should always be the guideline of therapy, especially when a definite indication for a particular therapeutic agent has not been established. In recent years corticosteroids have been employed in the treatment of bronchiolitis on the hypothesis that their anti-inflammatory action would decrease swelling, inflammation, and the consequent respiratory obstruction. The opinions of different investigators on the efficacy of corticosteroids in this disorder have varied greatly; some have regarded their use as ineffective and others as lifesaving. It is the purpose of this report to review the findings from various studies and to outline the current status the use of corticosteroids in this common disorder of infants and children. Bronchiolitis is a common, acute respiratory syndrome characterized by infection of the bronchioles and respiratory distress of varying degrees due to obstructive emphysema. It is common in the first year of life and is rare in the child over 2 years of age. It frequently occurs in outbreaks. The great majority of cases are due to viruses, especially the respiratory syncitial, influenza B, and parainfluenza viruses, but it may be due to bacteria and other respiratory pathogens.

120 ANTRAL FOLLICLE COUNT OF 2-YEAR-OLD MARES IS HIGHLY CORRELATED WITH ANTI-MÜLLERIAN HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS AT 24 to 28 WEEKS OF AGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scarlet ◽  
J. Kuhl ◽  
M. Wulf ◽  
N. Ille ◽  
C. Aurich
Keyword(s):  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicle Count ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gestational Length ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Follicular Reserve ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Year Of Life

Success of assisted reproductive techniques, as determined by the response to hormonal treatments and embryo quality, can successfully be predicted by the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in plasma of several species. Being able to predict ovarian follicular reserve of prepubertal female horses (fillies) would help to select fertile broodmares and reduce costs associated with animal upkeep. The objectives of this work were to (1) assess AMH dynamics in female horses during the first year of life and (2) determine whether AMH concentrations detected in plasma of prepubertal fillies are correlated with AMH concentrations and antral follicle count (AFC) after puberty. Warmblood fillies (n = 14) born from February to May of 1 year in the same stud were used. Blood samples for AMH determinations were collected from birth onward every 4 weeks up to the age of 1 year. At 2 years, blood samples were collected and AFC was determined by transrectal ultrasonography. The AMH concentrations were determined by ELISA (AL-115, Ansh Laboratories, Webster, TX, USA). Transrectal ultrasonography was used to determine the AFC, which corresponds to the total number of antral follicles detected with ultrasound. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS Statistics 24 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The AMH was detectable in the plasma of all animals from birth onward. At birth, mean AMH concentration was 4.5 ± 1.2 ng mL−1. The AMH concentration increased and peaked between 24 weeks (8.7 ± 4.4 ng mL−1) and 28 weeks (6.7 ± 2.1 ng mL−1) and subsequently decreased again (52 weeks: 3.9 ± 0.9 ng mL−1). Very high variation among individuals during the first year was lost at 2 years of age. The AMH concentration at 2 years was highly correlated with AMH concentration at birth (r = 0.62, P < 0.05) and with AFC (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). Also, AMH concentration (r = 0.73, P < 0.01) and AFC (r = 0.6, P < 0.05) at 2 years were highly correlated with AMH concentrations at 24 and 28 weeks. Gestational length (337 ± 1 days), parity of the dam (4.6 ± 0.8), and placental weight (6983 ± 352 g) did not influence AMH concentrations at any time. Our results demonstrate that AMH is detectable in blood of female horses from birth onward. Despite its high variability between individuals up to 52 weeks, strong correlations were observed during the first 2 years of life. High correlations to AFC at 2 years suggest that determination of AMH in prepubertal female horses helps to predict the ovarian reserve and fertility in postpubertal life.

Interactions among adult demography, spawning date, growth rate, predation, overwinter mortality, and the recruitment of largemouth bass in a northern lake

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2588-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Post ◽  
James F Kitchell ◽  
James R Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Overwinter Mortality ◽  
First Year Of Life

Using 12 years of data, we evaluated the mechanisms controlling largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, recruitment in a lake near the northern extent of the largemouth bass range. We found that complex interactions among adult demographics, size-selective predation, and overwinter mortality regulate the number of largemouth bass surviving the first year of life. The largest recruitment events required at least a moderate number of adults, but a large number of adults was not sufficient to produce a large cohort of largemouth bass. Predation was controlled by the number of both adult and juvenile bass and was not strongly correlated with reproductive output. Overwinter mortality was size dependent, strongly affecting bass entering the winter at <50-60 mm in length, and likely the result of starvation. Predation and overwinter mortality interacted with spawning date and growth rate to produce variable but predictable patterns of first year survival. At high adult and juvenile densities, predation regulates first year survival. At low adult and juvenile densities, first year survival was regulated by adult demographics and interactions among spawning date, growth rates, and overwinter mortality. Although we can forecast coarse patterns of cohort survival, the survival of individual fish was more difficult to predict because length and age were not highly correlated.

Health Problems During the First Year of Life in Infants Born to Adolescent Mothers

1984 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL SMOLEN ◽  
CHARLENE MILLER ◽  
RUTH OʼNEAL ◽  
MICHAEL R. LAWLESS
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Nephropathic Cystinosis in Adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Servais
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nephropathic Cystinosis ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Crystal Deposition ◽  
Proximal Tubulopathy ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
First Year Of Life

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a defect in the carrier-mediated system that normally transports cystine out of lysosomes. As a consequence, tissues accumulate variable amounts of the disulphide amino acid cystine. Three overlapping clinical phenotypes are recognized, varying in severity and age of onset. The most severe, the infantile nephropathic form (MIM 219800), appears in the first year of life. The late-onset form (MIM 219900) is also nephropathic, while ocular, non-nephropathic cystinosis manifests largely with corneal crystal deposition (MIM 219750). Infantile cystinosis is the most common form. Affected children develop renal proximal tubulopathy at 6 to 12 months of age. In the absence of treatment, renal failure occurs, with progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Cystine crystal deposition in the cornea leads to photophobia and continuous widespread cystine accumulation eventually leads to rickets, retinal, endocrinological (hypothyroidism and impaired glucose tolerance), hepatic, gastrointestinal, muscular, and neurological abnormalities.

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