Meningococcal Meningitis in Familial Deficiency of the Fifth Component of Complement

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-886
Author(s):  
Georges Peter ◽  
Mary Beth Weigert ◽  
Arthur A. Bissel ◽  
Ronald Gold ◽  
Donald Kreutzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Meningococcal Infection ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hemolytic Assay ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hemolytic Complement Activity ◽  
First Year Of Life

Absence of the fifth component of complement (C5) by immunochemical assay and marked deficiency by hemolytic assay (<0.1%) was found in a family in which the oldest male child had suffered severe and recurrent meningococcemia at age 15 years, two brothers developed meningococcal meningitis four years later (at ages 18 and 14 years), and a sister had the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome. Although group-specific meningococcal antibody was present in the sera from all four siblings, serum bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis could be demonstrated only in the presence of exogeous rabbit complement. Serum total hemolytic complement activity was undetectable in all four, but was restored to normal by the addition of purified C5. Subsequently, a second episode of group Y meningococcal meningitis was experienced by one brother and presumed gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome recurred in the sister. The family is the largest C5-deficient kindred to be reported and emphasizes the importance of C5 in host susceptibility to invasive Neisseria infections. In contrast to the peak incidence of N meningitidis disease in the general population in the first year of life, age of onset of meningococcal infection in these patients and in the 13 previously reported patients with terminal complement component deficiency has usually been in adolescence and early adulthood.

scholarly journals Constipation: A common problem in childhood

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
Svetlana Bukarica ◽  
Smiljana Marinkovic ◽  
Slobodan Grebeldinger ◽  
Dusanka Dobanovacki ◽  
Milanka Tatic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction Constipation in children is defined as the infrequent and difficult passage of hard stool, not necessarily associated with infrequent stools. All healthy newborns have their first stool within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth. Intestinal transit time increases with age, therapy decreasing the frequency of stooling. Anatomy and Physiology of Anus and Rectum Acquisition of fecal continence requires: normal internal and external anal sphincters, puborectal muscle as well as intact sensory input from both the rectal vault and anal canal. Etiology and Differential Diagnosis During the first year of life, failure to have bowel movement every other day warrants evaluation. During infancy, constipation is usually due to dietary manipulations, malnutrition or some other functional abnormalities. Anatomic causes are found only in 5% of patients. Diagnosis and Therapy Diagnosis relies on history and physical examination. Digital rectal examination usually reveals a shorter anal canal with decreased sphincter tone. The rectal ampulla is dilated and filled with stool. Anorectal manometry is helpful in differentiating functional constipation from aganglionosis or other neurologic problems. Treatment varies depending on the underlying cause. Bowel retraining, aimed at establishing regular daily bowel movement, is of utmost importance in children. The response to treatment is usually dramatic. Conclusion Constipation in children causes anxiety in the family and successful treatment requires persistent reassurance and repeated reevaluation.

scholarly journals Prognostic risk algorithm of the development of microecology disorders of mucous in children of industrial r

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1(7)) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Y.G. Resnichenko ◽  
M.O. Yartzeva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mixed Feeding ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Risk Algorithm ◽  
The Family ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
First Year Of Life

Algorithm of prognostic risk of the development of microecology disorders of mucous in children from industrial region is presented in the article. The influence of the early introduction of formula feeding and using of the mixed feeding, the low socio-economical situation of the family, the presence of anemia, food allergy, nervous system disorders during the first year of life, frequent acute respiratory diseases and the using of antibiotics which is leading to dysbiosis manifestation is ascertained.

scholarly journals Not a one-way road – severity, progression and prevention of firework fears in dogs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Riemer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Welfare Problem ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractNoise fears represent a highly prevalent welfare problem in dogs. An online survey was performed to explore severity and progression of firework fears in dogs, and relationships with demographics, health, behaviour problems, and owners’ training efforts to prevent or alleviate firework fears. 1225 responses were analysed. Fifty-two percent of dogs were at least partially affected by firework fears, and the great majority developed a fear of fireworks in the first year of life, with a decreasing frequency of new occurrences up until seven years, and only few newly affected dogs beyond this age. While almost three quarters of fearful dogs had recovered by the next morning, recovery took up to one day in 10%, up to one week in 12%, and several weeks or even months in >3%. Univariate analyses indicated a significant effect of breed group, age, sex, neuter status, origin and age at acquisition on severity of firework fears in dogs. However, binomial models including multiple predictors of presence/ absence of firework fears identified only age, breed group (mixed breeds being most affected), health problems, and an interaction between health problems and age as significant predictors. This discrepancy might be explained by collinearities of predictors and underlying differences between mixed-breed dogs and purebreds, such as mixed breeds being acquired from shelters more often, being adopted at higher ages, and being neutered more often. Firework fears are highly correlated with fears of gunshots and thunder, and to a low extent with fears of other noises, but not with any other behavioural problems. Both improvement and deterioration of firework fears were frequently reported. While an early age of onset and breed differences point to a strong genetic contribution to firework fears, training puppies or non-fearful adults to associate the noise with positive stimuli is highly effective in preventing later development of firework fears.

scholarly journals Species of the Family Eimeriidae (Coccidia, Apicomplexa) Parasitic in Cattle at Dairy Farms in Kyiv and Zhytomyr Regions of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
R. O. Slobodian ◽  
Yu. V. Kychyliuk ◽  
N. M. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
First Time

Abstract The results of identification of Eimeria spp. oocysts based on fecal examination of cattle of the first year of life from 7 farms of Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions of Ukraine are presented in article. Nine species of Eimeria, namely, Eimeria zuernii (Rivolta, 1878) Martin, 1909; E. bovis (Zublin, 1908) Fiebiger, 1912; E. ellipsoidalis Becker and Frye, 1929; E. bukidnonensis Tubangui, 1931; E. cylindrica Wilson, 1931; E. canadensis Bruce, 1921; E. auburnensis Christensen and Porter, 1939; E. brasiliensis Torres and Ramos, 1939; E. wyomingensis Huizinga and Winger, 1942 were identified. Species of E. canadensis, E. auburnensis, E. brasiliensis and E. wyomingensis were found in calves for the first time in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Вміст біологічно-активних речовин у різних видів роду Verbascum L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
M.R. Hrytsyna
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
First Year ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Active Substances

In the article are described results of exploration`s biologically active substances in species of plant organs of genus Verbascum L, from the family of Scrophulariaceae L: V. thapsiforme Schrad., V. phlomoides L., V. lychnitis L, V. nigrum L., V. blattaria L., V. phoeniceum L. The exploration of biologically active substances in species of plant organs was conducted by N.I. Hrynkevych`s method. Including all explorations, was established that all species of sort accumulated at underground and above-ground organs biologically – active substances such as: alkaloids, coumarin, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and carbohydrates, ascorbic acid. It was established that some attachment of BAR content depends on systematic position of the species. What concerns alkaloids` rosette leaves of woolly species like V. thapsiforme and V. phlomoides from subsection Heterandrа and V. lychnitis have another subsection Isandra have much more alkaloids than the other species. In less woolly, purple colored species – V. nigrum, V. blattaria and V. phoeniceum only found their traces. A large number of saponins are found in all organs of V. thapsiforme. Slightly lower content in these substances is in close species of V. phlomoides from the subsection Heterandra. Other species, which are not used in medicine, also accumulate saponins. Thus, V. lychnitis from subsection of Isandra in roots and rosette leaves in huge amount. Slightly low amount is in stem leaves and petals, alike all organs of V. nigrum and in large number. A large number of saponins is found in V. blattaria and V. phoeniceum from another section of Singuliflora. In explored species are found tannins, especially in great amount in V. lychnitis V. nigrum and V. phlomoides. Flavonoids accumulate in all organs of explored species, and in V. nigrum, V. blattaria, V. phoeniceum, which have purple colored flower elements – in huge amount in petals. Coumarins in huge variety accumulate in rosette shoot leaves and roots at first year of life than in a stem leaves and flower petals. Their content is less in the aerial part of V. blattaria, petals V. phoeniceum from Singuliflora section. Synthesized in large quantities in all carbohydrates, which is in great amount at its roots. The highest number of ascorbic acid contained in the petals of flowers V. lychnitis and V. nigrum, when in other organs they are in small number. On the contrary, in V. blattaria, V. thapsiforme and V. phlomoides rosette of leaves, carbohydrates is in a very large number, and petals in very little.

The Father I Knew: Early Paternal Engagement Moderates the Long-term Relationship between Paternal Accessibility and Childhood Behavioral Difficulties

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2098012
Author(s):  
Angus G. Craig ◽  
John M. D. Thompson ◽  
Rebecca Slykerman ◽  
Clare Wall ◽  
Rinki Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Difficulties ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Paternal Engagement ◽  
The Relationship

The long-term impact of a father’s involvement in offspring development is understudied. The current study investigated the relations between early paternal engagement (i.e., the amount of time fathers engaged in one-to-one activity with their child), paternal accessibility (i.e., fathers’ physical proximity to their children) and later child behavioral difficulties. Data were obtained from five phases of the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative (ABC) longitudinal cohort study: at the study children’s birth; at 12 months; 3.5 years; 7 years; and 11 years of age. Moderated linear regression analyses revealed that there was a negative, long-term effect of paternal departure from the family household (i.e., reduced paternal accessibility) by 3.5 years of age on children’s total behavioral difficulties and conduct problems scores, but only if departed fathers had been highly engaged during the child’s first year of life. These findings suggest that the relationship between paternal accessibility and paternal engagement is potentially more nuanced than previously thought.

scholarly journals The impact of the number of children in the family on the breastfeeding duration and vaccination coverage

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
A V Alekseeva ◽  
E N Berezkina ◽  
K E Moiseeva ◽  
Sh D Kharbediya
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To assess the impact of the number of children in the family on breastfeeding duration and vaccination coverage. Methods. 1724 mothers of 1-year old children were randomly chosen from seven children's polyclinics in St. Petersburg for an anonymous survey that was conducted by a specially designed form Questionnaire of a mother of 1-year old children. The questionnaire comprised of 20 open-ended and closed-ended questions, and included questions about: (1) timing of the attachment to the breast in obstetric hospitals; (2) causes and timing of breastfeeding abandonment; (3) presence or absence of vaccinations in the first year of life according to the National preventive vaccination schedule; (4) and reasons for mothers refusing to vaccinate their children. Results. The proportion of mothers who started artificial feeding in maternity wards immediately after the birth of the baby was the smallest among women for whom this baby was the first-born (3.4%), and the largest among families with many children (11.3%). On average, mothers with one child are breastfed until 7.360.11 months, with two children until 8.290.11 months, with three or more children until 8.780.10 months. By using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was shown the effect of the number of children in the family on the duration of breastfeeding (F=3.3). Correlation analysis revealed the negative relationship of the number of children in the family with the proportion of women who continued breastfeeding until 3 and 6 months (rxy=0.82 and rxy=0.88, respectively), and positive relationship with the proportion of mothers who continued to breastfeeding the baby after reaching a year (rxy=0.89). 12.3% of children of one-child families were not vaccinated according to the National preventive vaccination schedule, 17.7% with two-child families, 28.1% in families with three or more children. It was revealed the significant cross-group effect of the number of children in the family to vaccination coverage (F=48.7). With an increase in the number of children in the family, vaccination coverage decreases, both in general (rxy=0.88) and against individual infections, including hepatitis B, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, measles and rubella (rxy from 0.80 to 0.90). Conclusion. The number of children in a family impacts mothers' refusals of breastfeeding and vaccination; the more children in a family, the more prolonged breastfeeding, but less vaccination coverage due to the health status of children in the first year of life.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL RISK FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD ASTMA

2019 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Milica Jakovljevic ◽  
Dragana Mitrović ◽  
Snežana Živanović
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Prenatal Smoking ◽  
First Year ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Postnatal Risk Factors ◽  
First Year Of Life

Asthma is one of the most frequent chronic diseases of childhood. Its etiology is not fully understood and risk factors for its development are numerous. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of prenatal and postnatal risk factors in children suffering from asthma. The study was conducted on a sample of 100 patients with a diagnosis of asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. The data was collected using a questionnaire. We have considered prenatal (smoking during pregnancy, hormone and antibiotic therapy, the use of acetaminophen and dietary supplements, maternal blood sugar level, the term of delivery and the method of childbirth) and postnatal risk factors (oxygen and antibiotic therapy during the first year of life, immunization status during the first 6 months of life and presence of the older sibling in the family). In our study group, the most common prenatal risk factors related to asthma were: smoking during pregnancy, hormone therapy, the use of the dietary supplements and delivery via Caesarean section, while the most frequently found postnatal risk factors were: antibiotic therapy during the first year of life and the presence of older child in the family.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Effect of Certain Factors upon Child Health and Child Weight

1932 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. M. McGonigle ◽  
P. L. McKinlay
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
First Year ◽  
Personal Factor ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
The Family ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Large Families ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Relationship Health

It does seem clear from the above series of results that of the factors examined in their relation to rickets, etc., the only one of substantial importance is differences in the manner of feeding. The absence of definite association with overcrowding is, certainly, surprising, in spite of the fact that we realise how crude is the measure of this factor which we have had to adopt. If, as we suggest, the personal factor is not a very serious one, the above findings afford at least prima facie evidence of the truth of the assertions made previously, and are certainly sufficient to warrant the prosecution of further field enquiries, on this line, but having greater regard to the obtaining of the necessary information in a form more suitable for detailed analysis.In this section the influence of five possible factors on the weight of the child has been considered. No one of these can be shown to be of outstanding importance in this respect; but the efficiency of the mother shows the highest and most consistent relationship. Health of mother and those variations of feeding which are considered here as indiscretions have no appreciable influence on infant weight, but the remaining two variables, overcrowding and position of the infant in the family, seem to influence the weight of the child. In the case of overcrowding, the effect is small and only becomes substantial towards the end of the first year. Position of the infant in family, likewise, is of little moment; first and latest-born infants initially seem to have lower than average weights, but towards the end of the first year of life the weights of first-born infants tend to be over average, while those of infants born into already large families still show evidence of inferiority.

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