Remarks on the Nucleon Mass Difference

1967 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 1600-1607
Author(s):  
J. Rix
Keyword(s):  
Mass Difference ◽  
Nucleon Mass

ON THE POSSIBLE EXISTENCE OF A DERIVATIVE COUPLING IN QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339-1343
Author(s):  
F. A. Kaempffer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nucleon Mass ◽  
Muon Scattering ◽  
Derivative Coupling ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Classical Analogue

Within the framework of quantum electrodynamics there exists the possibility of a derivative coupling between source and photon field, referred to as eΛ-charge, which has no classical analogue. For calculations the usual graph technique can be used, provided the factor eγμ contributed by each vertex in a conventional graph is replaced by ieΛkμ, where Λ is a length characteristic of the new interaction. Using as cutoff the nucleon mass M one finds for a bare source of electronic mass m the self-energy in second order to be Λm/m ≈ 200, if Λ−1 ≈ 60 M. It is argued that the large mass difference between muon and electron may be due to this effect, assuming muon and electron to differ only in that the muon has eΛ-charge whereas the electron has not. An estimate is made of the muon–muon scattering cross section caused by the presence of eΛ-charge on the muon, and it is found that the existence of this derivative coupling may have escaped observation.

Estimate of the Nucleon Mass Difference from Hofstadter's New Form Factors

1961 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Katsumori ◽  
M. Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Mass Difference ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Nucleon Mass ◽  
New Form

scholarly journals Deep Inelastic Contribution to Nucleon Mass Difference

1978 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
M. Okumura ◽  
Y. Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Mass Difference ◽  
Nucleon Mass ◽  
Inelastic Contribution

Spin Manipulation by Use of Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions – Quarks and Medium Effects in the Nucleus

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
K. Minamisono ◽  
K. Matsuta ◽  
T. Minamisono ◽  
T. Yamaguchi ◽  
T. Sumikama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Difference ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Nucleon Mass ◽  
Axial Charge ◽  
Spin Manipulation ◽  
Quadrupole Interactions ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions ◽  
Mirror Pair ◽  
Parity Conservation ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole

The alignment correlation terms in the β-ray angular distributions from the purely spin aligned mirror pair 12B(Iπ= 1+ T1/2 = 20.2ms) and 12N(Iπ = 1+,T1/2 = 11.0ms)were precisely measured to place a new limit on the G-parity conservation law. For the creation of the alignment, the spin manipulation technique was applied, which utilized the nuclear quadrupole interactions. The - parity violating induced tensor coefficient was determined to be 2MfT/fa = -0,15 ± 0,12 ± 0,05 (theor.), which is consistent with the theoretical prediction based on QCD in which 2MfT/fA is proportional to the mass difference between up and down quarks which constitute the nucleon. Also determined the axial charge to be y= 4,90±0,10 (90% CL). From the result, we have found that the nucleon mass inside the nucleus is reduced (16 4)% relative to the free nucleon mass

scholarly journals Nucleon-mass difference in chiral perturbation theory and nuclear forces

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Friar ◽  
U. van Kolck ◽  
M. C. M. Rentmeester ◽  
R. G. E. Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Chiral Perturbation Theory ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Nucleon Mass ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
Chiral Perturbation

Water, Water, Here and There

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Vigdor
Keyword(s):  
Quark Mass ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Hydrogen Burning ◽  
Quark Masses ◽  
Grand Unified Theories ◽  
Down Quark ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
The Stability

Chapter 4 deals with the stability of the proton, hence of hydrogen, and how to reconcile that stability with the baryon number nonconservation (or baryon conservation) needed to establish a matter–antimatter imbalance in the infant universe. Sakharov’s three conditions for establishing a matter–antimatter imbalance are presented. Grand unified theories and experimental searches for proton decay are described. The concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is introduced in describing the electroweak phase transition in the infant universe. That transition is treated as the potential site for introducing the imbalance between quarks and antiquarks, via either baryogenesis or leptogenesis models. The up–down quark mass difference is presented as essential for providing the stability of hydrogen and of the deuteron, which serves as a crucial stepping stone in stellar hydrogen-burning reactions that generate the energy and elements needed for life. Constraints on quark masses from lattice QCD calculations and violations of chiral symmetry are discussed.

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