scholarly journals Spontaneous dimensional reduction and ground state degeneracy in a simple chain model

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Škrbić ◽  
Trinh Xuan Hoang ◽  
Achille Giacometti ◽  
Amos Maritan ◽  
Jayanth R. Banavar
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Ground State Degeneracy ◽  
Simple Chain

scholarly journals Spontaneous dimensional reduction and novel ground state degeneracy in a simple chain model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Skrbic ◽  
Trinh Xuan Hoang ◽  
Achille Giacometti ◽  
Amos Maritan ◽  
Jayanth R. Banavar
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Chain Molecule ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Ground State Structures

Chain molecules play a key role in the polymer field and in living cells.Our focus is on a new homopolymer model of a linear chain molecule subject to an attractive self-interaction promoting compactness. We analyze the model using simple analytic arguments complemented by extensive computer simulations. We find several striking results: there is a first order transition from a high temperature random coil phase to a highly unusual low temperature phase; the modular ground states exhibit significant degeneracy; the ground state structures exhibit spontaneous dimensional reduction and have a two-layer structure; and the ground states are assembled from secondary motifs of helices and strands connected by tight loops. We discuss the similarities and notable differences between the ground state structures (we call these PoSSuM - Planar Structures with Secondary Motifs) in the novel phase and protein native state structures.

Anyon representation of the ground-state degeneracy of the quantum frustratedXYmodel

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 5737-5739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Diamantini ◽  
Pasquale Sodano
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Ground State Degeneracy

scholarly journals Boundary states for chiral symmetries in two dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Boyle Smith ◽  
David Tong
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
Central Charge ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dirac Fermions ◽  
Chiral Symmetries ◽  
Boundary States ◽  
Ground State Degeneracy ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract We study boundary states for Dirac fermions in d = 1 + 1 dimensions that preserve Abelian chiral symmetries, meaning that the left- and right-moving fermions carry different charges. We derive simple expressions, in terms of the fermion charge assignments, for the boundary central charge and for the ground state degeneracy of the system when two different boundary conditions are imposed at either end of an interval. We show that all such boundary states fall into one of two classes, related to SPT phases supported by (−1)F , which are characterised by the existence of an unpaired Majorana zero mode.

scholarly journals Screw dislocations in the X-cube fracton model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandagopal Manoj ◽  
Kevin Slagle ◽  
Wilbur Shirley ◽  
Xie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Screw Dislocation ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Ground State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screw Dislocations ◽  
Topological States ◽  
Ground State Degeneracy ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
D Model

The X-cube model, a prototypical gapped fracton model, was shown in Ref. [1] to have a foliation structure. That is, inside the 3+1 D model, there are hidden layers of 2+1 D gapped topological states. A screw dislocation in a 3+1 D lattice can often reveal nontrivial features associated with a layered structure. In this paper, we study the X-cube model on lattices with screw dislocations. In particular, we find that a screw dislocation results in a finite change in the logarithm of the ground state degeneracy of the model. Part of the change can be traced back to the effect of screw dislocations in a simple stack of 2+1 D topological states, hence corroborating the foliation structure in the model. The other part of the change comes from the induced motion of fractons or sub-dimensional excitations along the dislocation, a feature absent in the stack of 2+1D layers.

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