Identification of a Novel Chloroplast Protein AtNYE1 Regulating Chlorophyll Degradation during Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis

The onset of leaf senescence is triggered by external cues and internal factors such as phytohormones and signaling pathways involving transcription factors (TFs). Abscisic acid (ABA) strongly induces senescence and endogenous ABA levels are finely tuned by many senescence-associated TFs. Here, we report on the regulatory function of the senescence-induced TF OsWRKY5 TF in rice (Oryza sativa). OsWRKY5 expression was rapidly upregulated in senescing leaves, especially in yellowing sectors initiated by aging or dark treatment. A T-DNA insertion activation-tagged OsWRKY5-overexpressing mutant (termed oswrky5-D) promoted leaf senescence under natural and dark-induced senescence (DIS) conditions. By contrast, a T-DNA insertion oswrky5-knockdown mutant (termed oswrky5) retained leaf greenness during DIS. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that OsWRKY5 upregulates the expression of genes controlling chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and yeast one-hybrid analysis demonstrated that OsWRKY5 indirectly upregulates the expression of senescence-associated NAC genes including OsNAP and OsNAC2. Precocious leaf yellowing in the oswrky5-D mutant might be caused by elevated endogenous ABA concentrations resulting from upregulated expression of ABA biosynthesis genes OsNCED3, OsNCED4, and OsNCED5, indicating that OsWRKY is a positive regulator of ABA biosynthesis during leaf senescence. Furthermore, OsWRKY5 expression was significantly suppressed by ABA treatment, indicating negative feedback regulation of OsWRKY5 expression by ABA. OsWRKY5 is a positive regulator of leaf senescence that upregulates senescence-induced NAC genes leading to expression of ABA biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation genes.

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Triticum Aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1 ANS-6D Positively Regulates Leaf Senescence Through the Abscisic Acid Mediated Chlorophyll Degradation in Tobacco

10.21203/rs.3.rs-995236/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luhua Li ◽

Chang An ◽

Zhongni Wang ◽

Fumin Xiong ◽

Yingxi Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Abscisic Acid ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Chlorophyll Degradation ◽

Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Wild Type ◽

Transgenic Lines

Abstract Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) is involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins, which are important phytonutrients because of their beneficial effects on human health. Here, we identified ANS-6D of purple-colored Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1 (Gz) that is involved in leaf senescence through the abscisic acid (ABA) mediated chlorophyll degradation pathway in tobacco. After characterizing the leaf-senescence phenotype in GzANS-6D overexpression (OxGzANS-6D) lines, we found that the increased anthocyanin accumulation and decreased chlorophyll content in OxGzANS-6D lines were closely correlated with the expression levels of anthocyanin synthesis-related structural genes and senescence marker genes, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The endogenous ABA content increased and ethylene content decreased in OxGzANS-6D transgenic lines compared with wild type. Additionally, the levels of the abscisic acid-responsive transcription factors ABF1 and ABF2, as well as those of chlorophyll degradation-related genes (PAO, NYC, SGR and CHL), were significantly higher in OxGzANS-6D transgenic lines than in wild type. Furthermore, we found that GzABF1 and NtABF1 binds to the promoter of GzANS-6D, and NtABF2 binds to the promoter of NtSGR. Thus, GzANS-6D participated in leaf senescence through ABA-mediated chlorophyll degradation, and ABF1/2 play important role in GzANS-6D functions.

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Strigolactone and Ethylene Inhibitor Suppressing Dark-induced Leaf Senescence in Perennial Ryegrass Involving Transcriptional Downregulation of Chlorophyll Degradation

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04933-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Qiannan Hu ◽

Fei Ding ◽

Mingna Li ◽

Xiaxiang Zhang ◽

Shuoxin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Senescence ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Chlorophyll Degradation ◽

Ethylene Inhibitor ◽

Premature Leaf Senescence

Accelerated or premature leaf senescence induced by dark conditions could be associated with chlorophyll degradation and regulated by hormones. To study the effects of strigolactone (SL) on dark-induced leaf senescence and to examine the interaction effects of SL and ethylene on regulating dark-induced leaf senescence, plants of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) exposed to darkness for 8 days were treated with a synthetic SL analogue (GR24), aminoethoxyvinyl glycine [AVG (an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor)], or SL and AVG by foliar spray. Chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, electrolyte leakage, and ethylene production were measured. Expressions of genes associated with leaf senescence, SL biosynthesis and signaling, ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, and chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation were determined. Foliar application of GR24 promoted leaf senescence in perennial ryegrass grown in darkness, and the intensity of action increased with the GR24 concentration. SL-accelerated leaf senescence was associated with the downregulation of four chlorophyll biosynthesis-associated genes and upregulation of four chlorophyll degradation-associated genes. AVG had functions counteractive to SL, suppressing dark-induced leaf senescence by downregulating chlorophyll degradation genes and SL synthesis genes. Our results suggested that SL and ethylene interactively regulated leaf senescence, mainly by controlling chlorophyll degradation induced by darkness in perennial ryegrass.

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