scholarly journals Induction and Regulation of Expression of a Low-CO2-Induced Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrase inChlamydomonas reinhardtii

1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Eriksson ◽  
Per Villand ◽  
Per Gardeström ◽  
Göran Samuelsson
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Low Co2

scholarly journals Cellular Localization of Carbonic Anhydrase Nce103p in Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Jiří Dostál ◽  
Jan Blaha ◽  
Romana Hadravová ◽  
Martin Hubálek ◽  
Olga Heidingsfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Mitochondrial Fractions

Pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis possess a ß-type carbonic anhydrase Nce103p, which is involved in CO2 hydration and signaling. C. albicans lacking Nce103p cannot survive in low CO2 concentrations, e.g., in atmospheric growth conditions. Candida carbonic anhydrases are orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme, which had originally been detected as a substrate of a non-classical export pathway. However, experimental evidence on localization of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis carbonic anhydrases has not been reported to date. Immunogold labeling and electron microscopy used in the present study showed that carbonic anhydrases are localized in the cell wall and plasmatic membrane of both Candida species. This localization was confirmed by Western blot and mass spectrometry analyses of isolated cell wall and plasma membrane fractions. Further analysis of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis subcellular fractions revealed presence of carbonic anhydrases also in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of Candida cells cultivated in shaken liquid cultures, under the atmospheric conditions.

Blood pH Measurement with the Glass Electrode

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Natelson ◽  
Norbert Tietz
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Ph Measurement ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Normal Individuals

Abstract A study has been described to explain the tendency of fingertip blood from normal individuals to drift to alkaline pH more rapidly than the blood of venous serum at 37°. This occurs even under oil and without loss of CO2. Evidence is offered to indicate that this phenomenon is due to the release of carbonic anhydrase in greater concentrations into the serum when the finger is punctured than when venipuncture is performed. An explanation is offered for the fact that serum from patients in acidemia with low CO2. content will not drift at 37°. It is suggested that blood pH determinations be made by collecting the specimen under oil, cooling rapidly to room temperature, and performing the determination under oil on the separated serum.

Alpha and beta types of carbonic anhydrase-rich cells in turtle bladder

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (4) ◽  
pp. F553-F565 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Stetson ◽  
P. R. Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Alpha Cell ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Alpha Type

The carbonic anhydrase-rich (CA) cell population of the turtle urinary bladder, which is responsible for the secretion of H+ and probably of HCO-3, was studied by freeze-fracture and thin-section electron microscopy. The apical membrane of the major CA cell type (alpha type) was characterized by microplicae and by a coat of studs on its cytoplasmic side; on freeze-fracture, it contained a dense population of rod-shaped intra-membrane particles. When fixed at low CO2 tension, the apical membrane area of the alpha cell was reduced; its surface displayed microplicae as well as microvilli, and the apical cytoplasm contained many vesicles with rod-shaped particles and studs. The apical membrane of the other (beta type) CA cell was characterized by numerous individual microvilli without microplicae and by a relative absence of rod-shaped particles and studs. Instead, the beta cell contained studs and rod-shaped particles in its basolateral membrane. The ultrastructure and frequency of the beta CA cell were not affected by changes in CO2 tension. We suggest that the alpha cell is responsible for H+ secretion. The reversal of the polarity of the membrane elements in the beta cell and failure to respond to CO2 with amplification of its apical membrane are consistent with a role in HCO-3 secretion.

Adaptation of Elodea and Potamogeton to Different Inorganic Carbon Levels and the Mechanism for Photosynthetic Bicarbonate Utilisation

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
JTM Elzenga ◽  
HBA Prins
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Isotopic Disequilibrium

The different abilities of three submerged aquatic macrophytes, Elodea canadensis, E. nutallii and Potamogeton lucens, cultured under high and low CO2 concentrations, to utilise bicarbonate was found to correlate with the ability to exhibit a polar leaf pH reaction (i. e. acidification of the medium on one side of the leaf). The utilisation of bicarbonate did not depend on the induction of extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity as found with unicellular algae. Although the bicarbonate utilisation was inhibited by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase activity, there was no difference in the concentration of extracellular carbonic anhydrase between leaves with high and with low bicarbonate utilisation. In experiments using the isotopic disequilibrium method we found only a small contribution of bicarbonate to the carbon fixation of protoplast. The percentage of bicarbonate contribution to the fixation did not differ between protoplasts isolated from Potamogeton leaves with high bicarbonate utilisation (from a low CO2 culture) and from leaves with low bicarbonate utilisation (from a high CO2 culture). We conclude that bicarbonate utilisation depends on the polar leaf pH reaction and that CO2 is the carbon species that is taken up by the leaf.

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