scholarly journals Time-over-threshold readout to enhance the high flux capabilities of single-photon-counting detectors

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bergamaschi ◽  
Roberto Dinapoli ◽  
Dominic Greiffenberg ◽  
Beat Henrich ◽  
Ian Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Background Suppression ◽  
High Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counting Detectors

The MYTHEN single-photon-counting (SPC) detector has been characterized using the time-over-threshold (ToT) readout method,i.e.measuring the time that the signal produced by the detected X-rays remains above the comparator threshold. In the following it is shown that the ToT readout preserves the sensitivity, dynamic range and capability of background suppression of the SPC mode, while enhancing the count-rate capability, which is the main limitation of state-of-the-art SPC systems.

scholarly journals Photonic Readout of Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Counting Detectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc de Cea ◽  
Emma E. Wollman ◽  
Amir H. Atabaki ◽  
Dodd J. Gray ◽  
Matthew D. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counting Detectors ◽  
Superconducting Nanowire

scholarly journals High-flux ptychographic imaging using the new 55 µm-pixel detector `Lambda' based on the Medipix3 readout chip

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Wilke ◽  
J. Wallentin ◽  
M. Osterhoff ◽  
D. Pennicard ◽  
A. Zozulya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Single Photon Detection ◽  
Pixel Detector ◽  
High Count

Suitable detection systems that are capable of recording high photon count rates with single-photon detection are instrumental for coherent X-ray imaging. The new single-photon-counting pixel detector `Lambda' has been tested in a ptychographic imaging experiment on solar-cell nanowires using Kirkpatrick–Baez-focused 13.8 keV X-rays. Taking advantage of the high count rate of the Lambda and dynamic range expansion by the semi-transparent central stop, a high-dynamic-range diffraction signal covering more than seven orders of magnitude has been recorded, which corresponds to a photon flux density of about 105 photons nm−2 s−1or a flux of ∼1010 photons s−1on the sample. By comparison with data taken without the semi-transparent central stop, an increase in resolution by a factor of 3–4 is determined: from about 125 nm to about 38 nm for the nanowire and from about 83 nm to about 21 nm for the illuminating wavefield.

scholarly journals Single-Photon Counting Detectors

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio D Cova ◽  
Massimo Ghioni
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Photon Counting Detectors

scholarly journals Current and future detector developments at the Swiss Light Source

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C680-C680
Author(s):  
Bernd Schmitt ◽  
Anna Bergamaschi ◽  
Sebastian Cartier ◽  
Roberto Dinapoli ◽  
Dominic Greiffenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Pixel Size ◽  
Present Measurement ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
Pixel Detectors ◽  
Swiss Light Source

The detector group of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) has a long history of x-ray detector developments for synchrotrons. Initially these detectors were all single photon counting systems. In the last years the focus at PSI was moving towards charge integrating systems mainly driven by the detector needs for the upcoming XFELs. Charge integrating systems however also solve some of the problems of single photon counting systems. Charge integrating systems have an almost infinite linear count rate capability, allow systems with smallest pixel sizes and for low photon energies. In this presentation we give an overview of the detector developments at PSI and focus on Jungfrau, Mönch and Eiger. Eiger is a single photon counting system specifically developed for high frame rates. It has a 75 micron pixel size and can run at frame rates up to 24 kHz. A 9M Eiger detector will be installed in a few months at the cSAXS beamline of the SLS. Jungfrau uses the same sensor as Eiger (about 4cm x 8 cm with a pixel size of 75 microns). It has a charge integrating architecture with dynamic gain switching to achieve a dynamic range of 10^4 photons (at 12 keV). With a frame rate of up to 2 kHz Jungfrau is currently being developed for applications at both XFELs and synchrotrons. 16M Jungfrau detectors are foreseen at the SwissFEL. Mönch is currently a research project. A first prototype with 160x160 pixels and a pixel size of 25 microns was designed and is currently characterised. It offers the smallest pixel size of current hybrid pixel detectors and also has a very low noise allowing hybrid pixel detectors to be used down to about 400eV. We present measurement results for Jungfrau, Mönch and Eiger and give an outlook on future possible systems.

scholarly journals Development of low-energy X-ray detectors using LGAD sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1226-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Andrä ◽  
Jiaguo Zhang ◽  
Anna Bergamaschi ◽  
Rebecca Barten ◽  
Camelia Borca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Gain ◽  
Silicon Sensors

Recent advances in segmented low-gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) make them promising for the position-sensitive detection of low-energy X-ray photons thanks to their internal gain. LGAD microstrip sensors fabricated by Fondazione Bruno Kessler have been investigated using X-rays with both charge-integrating and single-photon-counting readout chips developed at the Paul Scherrer Institut. In this work it is shown that the charge multiplication occurring in the sensor allows the detection of X-rays with improved signal-to-noise ratio in comparison with standard silicon sensors. The application in the tender X-ray energy range is demonstrated by the detection of the sulfur K α and K β lines (2.3 and 2.46 keV) in an energy-dispersive fluorescence spectrometer at the Swiss Light Source. Although further improvements in the segmentation and in the quantum efficiency at low energy are still necessary, this work paves the way for the development of single-photon-counting detectors in the soft X-ray energy range.

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