An endstation for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering studies of solid and liquid samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Yin ◽  
Hans-Bernhard Peters ◽  
Ulrich Hahn ◽  
Josef Gonschior ◽  
Daniel Mierwaldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Electronic Configuration ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Ray Scattering

A novel experimental setup is presented for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering investigations of solid and liquid samples in the soft X-ray region for studying the complex electronic configuration of (bio)chemical systems. The uniqueness of the apparatus is its high flexibility combined with optimal energy resolution and energy range ratio. The apparatus enables investigation of chemical analyses, which reflects the chemical imprints. The endstation is composed of a main sample chamber, a sample holder for either solid or liquid jet delivery system, and a soft X-ray grating spectrometer for 210–1250 eV with a resolving power of ∼1000. It combines for the first time liquid jet technology with a soft X-ray spectrometer based on the variable line spacing principle. This setup was commissioned at the soft X-ray beamline P04 at PETRA III of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron in Hamburg which is currently the most brilliant storage-ring-based X-ray radiation source in the world. The first results of liquid and solid samples show that this setup allows the detection of photons across an energy range of ∼300 eV. This covers simultaneously the emission lines of life-important elements like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in a shot-based procedure.

scholarly journals Liquid flexRIXS: A RIXS endstation for molecular systems at BESSY II

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Pietzsch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Ray Scattering

The liquid flexRIXS endstation is dedicated to resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments on liquid samples and gasses in the soft x-ray range. The liquids are injected into the chamber via a liquid jet system whereas gasses and also small amounts of liquids can be investigated using a liquid/gas flow cell. The MCP-based RIXS spectrometer allows for a resolving power of better than 1000.

Thermal quenching sample chamber for grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering studies of polymer films

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 113910 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Singh ◽  
M. N. Groves ◽  
M. S. Müller ◽  
I. J. Stahlbrand ◽  
D.-M. Smilgies
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Films ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Thermal Quenching ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals A liquid jet setup for x-ray scattering experiments on complex liquids at free-electron laser sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 063905 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Steinke ◽  
M. Walther ◽  
F. Lehmkühler ◽  
P. Wochner ◽  
J. Valerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Complex Liquids ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Ionic Solutions Probed by Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (10-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Yin ◽  
Ivan Rajkovic ◽  
Sreevidya Thekku Veedu ◽  
Sascha Deinert ◽  
Dirk Raiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Ionic Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Local Charge ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Ray Scattering

AbstractX-ray spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the local charge distribution of chemical systems. Together with the liquid jet it becomes possible to probe chemical systems in their natural environment, the liquid phase. In this work, we present X-ray absorption (XA), X-ray emission (XE) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) data of pure water and various salt solutions and show the possibilities these methods offer to elucidate the nature of ion-water interaction.

Thorough small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the instability of liquid micro-jets in air

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Marmiroli ◽  
Fernando Cacho-Nerin ◽  
Barbara Sartori ◽  
Javier Pérez ◽  
Heinz Amenitsch
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Ray Scattering

Liquid jets are of interest, both for their industrial relevance and for scientific applications (more important, in particular for X-rays, after the advent of free-electron lasers that require liquid jets as sample carrier). Instability mechanisms have been described theoretically and by numerical simulation, but confirmed by few experimental techniques. In fact, these are mainly based on cameras, which is limited by the imaging resolution, and on light scattering, which is hindered by absorption, reflection, Mie scattering and multiple scattering due to complex air/liquid interfaces during jet break-up. In this communication it is demonstrated that synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) can give quantitative information on liquid jet dynamics at the nanoscale, by detecting time-dependent morphology and break-up length. Jets ejected from circular tubes of different diameters (100–450 µm) and speeds (0.7–21 m s−1) have been explored to cover the Rayleigh and first wind-induced regimes. Various solvents (water, ethanol, 2-propanol) and their mixtures have been examined. The determination of the liquid jet behaviour becomes essential, as it provides background data in subsequent studies of chemical and biological reactions using SAXS or X-ray diffraction based on synchrotron radiation and free-electron lasers.

scholarly journals Full Energy Range Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering of O2 and CO2: Direct Comparison with Oxygen Redox State in Batteries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengqing Zhuo ◽  
Yi-Sheng Liu ◽  
Jinghua Guo ◽  
Yi-de Chuang ◽  
Feng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Full Energy ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Oxygen State ◽  
Ray Scattering

The varying oxygen state plays key roles in the performance and stability of various electrochemical systems. However, the nature of the non-divalent state remains elusive with speculations under active debates. A direct comparison between these unconventional states on their full oxygen spectroscopic profile is critical but remains missing. Here, high-efficiency full energy range O-K mapping of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (mRIXS) was collected from O<sub>2</sub> (O<sup>0</sup>) and CO<sub>2</sub> (O<sup>2-</sup>) gas molecules. The results are compared directly with Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (O<sup>1-</sup>) and more importantly, the oxidized oxygen (O<sup>n-</sup>, 0-n-2) state in representative Na-ion and Li-ion battery electrodes. All the mRIXS features of O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> are interpreted, and we focus on the contrasts of two characteristic features among all oxidized oxygen species, especially on the striking 523.7 eV emission feature. The full mRIXS profile reveals that oxygen redox states in batteries have distinct distributions along the excitation energy compared with Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. This work provides not only the first full range mRIXS results of O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, but also the direct comparison of four different oxygen states, i.e., O<sup>2-</sup>, O<sup>1-</sup>, O<sup>n-</sup>(0-n-2), and O<sup>0</sup>. Our results indicate that the nature of the oxidized oxygen state in oxide electrodes is beyond a simple molecular configuration of either peroxide or O<sub>2</sub>.

scholarly journals The GALAXIES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron: inelastic X-ray scattering and photoelectron spectroscopy in the hard X-ray range

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. Rueff ◽  
J. M. Ablett ◽  
D. Céolin ◽  
D. Prieur ◽  
Th. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Resonant Enhancement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

The GALAXIES beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron is dedicated to inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) and photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) in the 2.3–12 keV hard X-ray range. These two techniques offer powerful complementary methods of characterization of materials with bulk sensitivity, chemical and orbital selectivity, resonant enhancement and high resolving power. After a description of the beamline components and endstations, the beamline capabilities are demonstrated through a selection of recent works both in the solid and gas phases and using either IXS or HAXPES approaches. Prospects for studies on liquids are discussed.

scholarly journals Full Energy Range Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering of O2 and CO2: Direct Comparison with Oxygen Redox State in Batteries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengqing Zhuo ◽  
Yi-Sheng Liu ◽  
Jinghua Guo ◽  
Yi-de Chuang ◽  
Feng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Full Energy ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Oxygen State ◽  
Ray Scattering

The varying oxygen state plays key roles in the performance and stability of various electrochemical systems. However, the nature of the non-divalent state remains elusive with speculations under active debates. A direct comparison between these unconventional states on their full oxygen spectroscopic profile is critical but remains missing. Here, high-efficiency full energy range O-K mapping of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (mRIXS) was collected from O<sub>2</sub> (O<sup>0</sup>) and CO<sub>2</sub> (O<sup>2-</sup>) gas molecules. The results are compared directly with Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (O<sup>1-</sup>) and more importantly, the oxidized oxygen (O<sup>n-</sup>, 0-n-2) state in representative Na-ion and Li-ion battery electrodes. All the mRIXS features of O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> are interpreted, and we focus on the contrasts of two characteristic features among all oxidized oxygen species, especially on the striking 523.7 eV emission feature. The full mRIXS profile reveals that oxygen redox states in batteries have distinct distributions along the excitation energy compared with Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. This work provides not only the first full range mRIXS results of O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, but also the direct comparison of four different oxygen states, i.e., O<sup>2-</sup>, O<sup>1-</sup>, O<sup>n-</sup>(0-n-2), and O<sup>0</sup>. Our results indicate that the nature of the oxidized oxygen state in oxide electrodes is beyond a simple molecular configuration of either peroxide or O<sub>2</sub>.

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