Entrepreneurship in regions: differentiated impacts of the socio cultural and gender types

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Mancilla ◽  
José Ernesto Amorós
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Secondary City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the differentiated impact of factors that influence the propensity to entrepreneur in a sample of people in Chile. A distinction is made between individuals that live in primary cities and secondary cities. The differentiating factors are socio‐cultural aspects (reference models – positive examples of entrepreneurs – and perception of social fear of failure) and the gender of the individual. Design/methodology/approach For the research data from the survey used in Chile by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for the years 2010 and 2011 were used. A logit model was used to determine the differentiated impact of the analysed factors and interactions were done using the method proposed by Corneliâen and Sonderhof (2009). Findings These showed that the fact that an individual lives in a secondary city decreases his entrepreneurship probability. The positive impact that the reference models have is weaker in women. Contrary to what was expected, the negative impact of the fear of failure perception is weaker in women. Practical implications These results have the implications to suggest focused public policies and differentiations that consider the socio‐cultural, territorial (focused in cities) and gender aspects. Originality/value The research contributes by giving empirical evidence of the existence of the negative impact of living in a secondary city and of differentiated effects of socio‐cultural factors from the gender perspective.

Reducing skepticism about corporate social responsibility: roles of gender and agentic-communal orientations

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Newman ◽  
Rebecca K. Trump
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
A Company ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Companies are increasingly emphasizing corporate social responsibility (CSR). However, consumers are often skeptical of the sincerity of companies’ CSR claims, particularly when the claim comes directly from the company. This paper aims to demonstrate how to reduce consumer CSR skepticism by examining the role of a company spokesperson’s gender and gender-related characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Two between-subjects experiments with a combined total of 329 participants examined how consumers’ levels of CSR skepticism are affected depending on the gender of the consumer and the gender and gender-related characteristics of the company’s CSR spokesperson. Findings Study 1 finds that a female (vs male) spokesperson generally elicits less CSR skepticism. However, Study 2 expands on this to demonstrate that consumers are less skeptical of a company’s CSR efforts when they are promoted by a spokesperson who exhibits gender-related characteristics that match, or are typically associated with, the individual consumer’s gender. Practical implications Brands often face difficulties in successfully promoting their own CSR efforts to skeptical consumers. These findings should guide companies and their brands in choosing ideal spokespeople for making effective, sincere CSR claims, depending on the target market. Originality/value This research is the first to identify the important role of gender in consumers’ perceptions of CSR sincerity. Thus, it provides practically-oriented strategies that may mitigate a growing consumer CSR skepticism that exists in today’s marketplace.

scholarly journals The impact of social influence on the perceived helpfulness of online consumer reviews

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 619-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Risselada ◽  
Lisette de Vries ◽  
Mariska Verstappen
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Consumer Reviews ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

Purpose This study aims to study to what extent the helpfulness votes others attach to a review affect a consumer’s perceived helpfulness of that review. In addition, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether this social influence moderates the relationships among several content presentation factors and perceived helpfulness. Design/methodology/approach A choice-based conjoint experiment was carried out in which 201 respondents evaluated different reviews and chose the review they perceive as most helpful. Findings Consumers perceive reviews as more (less) helpful in the presence of clearly valenced positive (negative) helpfulness votes. In addition, helpfulness votes of others diminish the positive impact of structure and the negative impact of spelling errors. Research limitations/implications The experimental setup may limit the external validity of the study. Practical implications Providing a helpfulness button gives firms an instrument to offer content that consumers perceive as more useful and to exert some influence on the effects of content presentation factors on the review’s helpfulness. Social implications Consumers tend to follow other consumers’ opinions without forming their own opinion. Firms could misuse this tendency by hiring people to vote on reviews that are not necessarily helpful for consumers, but are helpful for the firm. Originality/value This study is the first to assess the extent to which social influence affects consumers’ evaluation of reviews. Given that consumers use helpfulness votes to distinguish reviews, it is important to understand to what extent these votes reflect the actual helpfulness of the information in the review and to what extent they reflect previous helpfulness votes.

The impact of internal and external reinsurance on insurers' performance and price

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Park ◽  
Byeongyong Paul Choi ◽  
Chia-Ling Ho
Keyword(s):  
Capital Markets ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Internal Capital Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Capital ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis study is designed to investigate how the use of reinsurance affects the primary insurers' profitability and pricing on their insurance products.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the impact of reinsurance on the insurers’ profitability using a two stage least square to control the endogeneity problem with a reinsurance variable. The study analyzes 11,894 firm-year observations between 2001 and 2009.FindingsThe study finds that the use of reinsurance in general has a negative impact on property/casualty insurers' performance. However, reinsurance obtained from affiliated firms has a positive impact on profitability, which supports the existence of internal capital markets in the insurance industry.Research limitations/implicationsThe finding of study implies that reinsurance transactions are used among affiliated insurers for not only managing underwriting risk and increasing underwriting capacity but also subsidizing capital through internal capital markets. In term of limitation, due to the availability of price data, this study uses only one insurance cycle of 9 years, albeit not weakening the findings.Practical implicationsEspecially for non-affiliated insurers, the finding suggests that they need to find an alternative way to transfer underwriting risk without having to use costly reinsurance.Originality/valueThis paper directly investigates the impact of reinsurance utilization on insurers' profitability and pricing.

Female directors and firm performance in Italian and Spanish listed firms

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-436
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Martín-Ugedo ◽  
Antonio Mínguez-Vera ◽  
Fabrizio Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between women on the board of directors and firm performance in a comparative analysis between Italy and Spain. Design/methodology/approach The generalized method of moment is employed to examine this relationship in a sample of 1,393 firm-year observations. Findings The results show that the presence of women on the board has a positive impact on the performance of Italian and Spanish firms. However, when the whole sample is divided into Italy and Spain, some results are remarkable. For Spain, the presence of women on the board has a positive influence on firm performance, whereas for Italy the authors find a negative and significant effect on firm performance. This study also finds that the “masculinity” dimension has a negative impact on firm performance. Practical implications The results of this study have several practical implications. First, masculinity differences within the countries can have a large impact on firm performance and can explain some differences between similar countries. Second, the legal system of countries might not explain adequately some differences in the decision-making process. Third, cultural values and thinking styles, in terms of masculinity, might better explain why the results on the relationship between female directors and firm performance are mixed. Fourth, the findings suggest that it is very important to promote gender equality, not only by passing laws but also taking action about the educational system. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between female directors and firm performance between Italy and Spain considering the cultural differences in term of “masculinity.”

Employee benefits provision

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Employee Benefits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeReviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsThe range and scope of employee benefits are growing rapidly, but for benefits to make a positive impact on an individual, the individual first needs to be aware of and understand the benefits their employer currently offers.Practical implicationsProvides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.Social implicationsProvides strategic insights and practical thinking that can have a broader social impact.Originaity/valueThe briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to‐digest format.

Drivers of brand equity of television news channels: evidences from emerging market

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhupa Bakshi ◽  
Prashant Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Television News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to map the variables that affect the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) of media channels (television news) in an emerging market context. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the causal relationships between CBBE and the variables that affect brand equity for television news channels. Findings The analysis revealed that localization, ideology, credibility and entertainment are the variables that influence CBBE of television news channels (media brands). Subsequent analysis using SEM indicated that apart from the sole negative impact of entertainment, all the variables had positive impact on brand equity. Research limitations/implications This study is confined to one of the metros of emerging market hence it cannot be generalized. Also the variables that indicate brand equity have been tested only for television news channels hence they may not hold true for other form of television stations. Practical implications For marketers of news channels this study identifies the factors that they need to focus on if they want to garner the equity of the brand in an emerging market scenario. Social implications The content factors identified that influence television news brand equity are reflections of the social requirements of an emerging market. It indicates what the audiences in such markets expect from their television news channels and is part of the social discussion. Originality/value The study contributes to brand equity literature by finding the antecedents that can influence any media brand in the emerging market scenario.

Interview support on perceptions of organizational attractiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-799
Author(s):  
Joel Nadler ◽  
Maya Gann-Bociek ◽  
Brian Skaggs
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organizational Attraction ◽  
Organizational Attractiveness ◽  
Demographic Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine how interview support materials provided on a company’s website would impact potential employees’ perceptions of organizational attractiveness (OA). This study examined the effects of interviewer, interview support and employee variables on employees’ perceptions of OA. Design/methodology/approach This study obtained data from 276 working adults. The participants were asked to visualize that they were selected for an interview, then were given one of four manipulations (with interview support, without interview support; informed participant interview would be with a potential peer, or interview would be with a potential supervisor) and post-manipulation measures (OA perception, trait anxiety, demographics). Findings This study’s results indicated that interviewer characteristics (peer or supervisor) were not significant; however, women and individuals with a lower socio-economic (SES) status found organizations to be more attractive when provided with interview support. There was an opposite effect on men and those with a higher SES. Research limitations/implications This study recognizes that the lack of demographic diversity and realism were limitations that must be considered; however, this study also recognizes that these findings have several practical implications (considering offering interview support, potential ideas to increase OA) and social implications (increasing demographic diversity in the workplace by also aiding historically disadvantaged groups). Practical implications Knowledge of who would be conducting the selection interview potential future peer versus a future supervisor did not affect organizational attraction OA ratings. Interview support offered on a company website had a positive impact on perceptions of OA for women and individuals with lower SES; however, the same support had a negative impact on perceptions of OA for men and individuals with higher SES. Originality/Value In addition to the social and practical implications this study holds, the authors of this study are not aware of any additional studies that examine gender and SES on organizational attraction.

Which appeals (ethos, pathos, logos) are the most important for Airbnb users to booking?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1205-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejeong Han ◽  
Seunghun Shin ◽  
Namho Chung ◽  
Chulmo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sharing Behavior ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Direct Communications ◽  
Positive Impacts

PurposeThis paper aims to explain a guest’s purchase decision in Airbnb from the perspective of Aristotle’s appeals. In host-created information, the authors investigate which information appeals are significantly considered by guests.Design/methodology/approachIt is hypothesized that a guest’s purchase would be affected by the host-created information’s ethos, pathos and logos.FindingsFor the ethos, the super host badge and host review have positive impacts on the purchase; for the pathos, the positive impact of the use of social words is significant. For the logos, the authors have determined that although the price, place picture and star-rating have positive impacts on the likelihood of a purchase, the occupancy has a negative impact on it.Research limitations/implicationsThe dependent variable, the number of place reviews, cannot represent the exact number of purchases. Other possible influential factors, such as direct communications between hosts and guests, are not examined.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest guidelines for Airbnb and its host users. Specifically, the management of normal host users is revealed as a necessary process for Airbnb’s development. For host users, several guidelines on how to attract more guests effectively are provided.Originality/valueIn contrast to other studies on Airbnb, various pieces of information are considered from holistic perspectives, and each piece’s impact on the sharing behavior is understood by means of a unique theoretical model that is based on Aristotle’s appeals.

Vendors’ team performance in software outsourcing projects

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Qu ◽  
Lishan Shen ◽  
Xiaona Bao
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Software Outsourcing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study how the software outsourcing teams, namely, vendors, transfer effective knowledge to enhance team performance; it reports on a study of transactive memory system (TMS) theory and makes deep analyses and discussions about the influence of the cooperative behaviors of TMS on software outsourcing team’s performance under the framework of three behavioral characteristics dimensions – specialization, credibility and coordination. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is an empirical study based on investigation interviews to 28 software outsourcing teams and data of questionnaire surveys on 124 software outsourcing teams; structural equation model is used to test the data we collected. Findings – This paper finds that both credibility and coordination have a significantly positive impact on knowledge transfer and project success, whereas specialization has a significant negative impact on project success. The results of data analysis show that TMS is an effective coordination mechanism. Originality/value – The conclusion of the study can help us understand the coordination mechanism of knowledge transfer in software outsourcing team and provide theoretical support and paradigm reference for vendors in China to accumulate knowledge and improve the success rate of projects in the context of software project development.

Understanding the mobile payment technology acceptance based on valence theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 2027-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Bulent Ozturk ◽  
Anil Bilgihan ◽  
Saba Salehi-Esfahani ◽  
Nan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Valence Theory ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine factors affecting restaurant customers’ intention to use near field communication (NFC)-based mobile payment (MP) technology. More specifically, based on the valence theory, this paper examined the impacts of users’ negative valence (perceived risk and privacy concern) and positive valence (utilitarian value and convenience) perceptions toward their NFC-MP technology acceptance. Furthermore, the impacts of individual difference variables (smartphone affinity and compatibility) on users’ negative and positive valences and on their behavioral intentions were analyzed. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect the data of the study from 412 restaurant customers. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to validate the measurement model. To test the hypothesized model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Findings The study findings demonstrated that privacy concern, utilitarian value and convenience significantly affected individuals’ NFC-MP technology acceptance. In addition, compatibility significantly influenced negative and positive valance constructs and smartphone affinity had a positive impact on positive valance constructs only. Practical implications This study provides valuable practical implications for restaurant operators and hospitality technology vendors in the context of mobile payment systems. Originality/value This study successfully extended the valence framework by adding individual difference constructs to it.

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