R&D reporting methods and firm value: evidence from China

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Accounting Choice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Report ◽  
D Investment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different research and development (R&D) accounting choice (capitalization and expensing) affects the value of the listed companies under the new Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) background. According to new CAS, R&D expenditure can either be expensed as incurred as a whole or partly capitalized and partly expensed from 2007. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of an empirical study using a hand-collected sample of 3,664 observations from Chinese listed companies over 2007–2012 timeframe. Findings – It is found that different methods of reporting R&D investments do affect the value of listed firms in China. Specifically, the firms that chose to capitalize their R&D investments have higher stock price and return. On the contrary, the companies that select to expense their R&D expenditures have lower stock price and return. It is also found that capitalized R&D investments are positively connected to stock price, while expensed R&D expenditures are negatively related to stock prices. Research limitations/implications – This paper researches and finds the value relevance of R&D capitalization and expensing from the accounting report method itself. This explores some interesting research questions. Does choice of accounting method for R&D expenditure affect firm valuation? Do different methods of reporting R&D investments transfer different signal to investors? Does expensed R&D carry a negative signal to investors? So it can expand the existing R&D area of research. Practical implications – This paper can provide empirical evidence and decision support for corporate managers, R&D policy makers and investors in a non-mandatory disclosure market of R&D expenditure. Because different R&D accounting choice has different market reactions, managers can choose a favorable method of reporting R&D investments to raise their firm’s stock price. Policy makers should standardize accounting treatment of R&D expenditure, strengthen the disclosure of R&D information and develop a detailed, workable R&D capitalization accounting policies and procedures. Investors can make the right judgment and decision on business innovation capability and future development only by getting more R&D investment information. Originality/value – Different from present studies focusing on the value relevance of R&D investment, this paper explores an interesting topic showing how different methods of reporting R&D investment in China affect the value of the firms.

Stock option modification under SFAS 123(R)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Steven Balsam ◽  
Il-woon Kim ◽  
David Ryan ◽  
Hakjoon Song
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Option ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Price Performance ◽  
Political Cost

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the motivations for and variations in terms of stock option modifications under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 123(R). Stock options are used to motivate and retain employees. Unfortunately, when stock prices decline, existing options lose their incentive value. In response, firms look for ways to re-incentivize their employees. Their choices include issuing additional options and/or modifying existing grants. Design/methodology/approach – We investigate the economic determinants of stock option modification post SFAS 123(R), such as financial reporting cost, shareholder/political cost and employee incentive and retention. Our analysis is based on 67 sample firms that modify their stock option plans from 2005 to 2008 and 67 control firms constructed based on size, industry, year and stock price performance for the prior five years. Findings – The results show that loss firms are more likely to modify their options, which supports the argument that financial reporting costs influence the decision to modify. We find support for the shareholder/political costs hypothesis, as the overhang ratio is positively associated with the decision to modify. However, we find no evidence that modifications substitute for additional option grants. We find that politically sensitive larger firms are more likely to incorporate more shareholder friendly measures such as excluding executives from modification or providing shareholders the opportunity to vote on modification. Originality/value – This is the first paper examining the economic determinants of stock option modification under SFAS 123(R). Our findings provide some insights regarding economic determinants of SFAS 123(R) for accounting policy-makers and investors.

The accounting value relevance of earnings and book value: Tunisian banks and financial institutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmadi ◽  
Abdelfettah Bouri
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Corporate Websites

Purpose As an increasing number of business organizations around the world are engaged in the value relevance of accounting information, this study aims to assess the field of the accounting value relevance of book value and earnings in share prices of banks and financial institutions listed in the Tunisian stock exchange. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of available banks and financial institutions listed in the Tunisian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2015, this paper accommodates the documented accounting information in an emergent market context by using stock price of three months after year-end as a dependent variable. This study uses the panel regression technique on 24 banks and financial institutions during the study period. Findings The authors find that earnings and book value are statistically significantly associated with firm value. Also, using these variables together is positively related to the firm stock price share. Comparatively, these obtain evidence that book value is statistically more value-relevant than earning per share models; expectedly, the earnings explain a higher proportion of the stock price for the group of financial institutions than the group of banks. Originality/value A Web-based search is performed during the second quarter of 2016, locating the corporate websites of the sample firms, and the official site of the Datastream (worldscope) is identified. The sample period is 2010-2015 (144 firm-year observations).

Determinants of the quality of disclosed earnings and value relevance across transitional Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheraz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Value Relevance ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Corporate Transparency ◽  
Country Level

Purpose – Earlier studies have found that the country characteristics play important role in measuring the corporate transparency. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the firm-level determinants play an important role in corporate transparency measured as the quality of disclosed earnings across transitional Europe and what role an overall transparency measured by the Corruption Perception Index plays in it. This paper further tests if the market reacts similarly to discretionary and non-discretionary components of earnings across different groups of countries with respect to transparency. Design/methodology/approach – The financial and ownership data of listed companies in ten European countries is obtained from Amadeus. The transparency ratings are obtained from Transparency International. The sample consists of a panel of 2001 listed companies and modified Jones model of Dechow et al. (1995) is used to measure the quality of earnings. Findings – This paper shows that the firm-level determinants (except firm size) of the quality of earnings are different among different groups made on the basis of transparency ratings. However, the determinants of the quality of earnings are not different within each group. The ownership structure of companies plays important role in determining the quality of earnings in most transparent countries whereas financial factors play significant role in least transparent countries. The markets respond positively to earnings quality in most transparent group of countries. Research limitations/implications – The results of this study provide interesting basis for future research on economic and social integration of Europe. Although the policy makers are trying to integrate the countries through common Laws and decrees but examining the firm-level factors such as size, growth and ownership are still important. The regulators should address the issue of corporate transparency in Europe by looking at the importance of these factors with respect to overall transparency. Originality/value – This study extends the knowledge, not only for academicians and investors but for policy makers as well. This study re-emphasizes the role of country-level transparency and firm-level determinants of the corporate transparency within Europe.

Does idiosyncratic risk matter? Evidence from mergers and acquisitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-329
Author(s):  
Pascal Nguyen ◽  
Younes Ben Zaied ◽  
Thu Phuong Pham
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Idiosyncratic Volatility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acquisition Announcements

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether idiosyncratic volatility is a priced risk factor in the Australian stock market. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the change in idiosyncratic volatility around acquisition announcements and the related stock price revaluation to test whether the idiosyncratic risk is priced. If the idiosyncratic risk is priced, increases (decreases) in idiosyncratic volatility should be associated with decreases (increases) in the acquirer’s stock price, as the latter’s future cash flows are discounted at a higher (lower) rate. The sample consists of 2,656 completed acquisitions by Australian listed firms over the period January 1990 to October 2014 for which deal value represents more than 5 per cent of the acquirer’s market value. Findings Increases (decreases) in idiosyncratic risk are associated with significant decreases (increases) in firm value. This negative relationship is robust to the presence of outliers; is unaffected by the incidence of the 2007-2008 financial crisis; holds using alternative measures of idiosyncratic risk; and is more significant after excluding the resources sector. Firms with a higher idiosyncratic risk prior to the acquisition, and firms avoiding stock to pay for the acquisition, experience a more significant stock price increase in relation to a decrease in idiosyncratic risk. Research limitations/implications Considering the small size of the Australian economy, investors may have less scope to mitigate idiosyncratic risk. As a consequence, idiosyncratic risk is associated with the positive excess return, contrary to what standard asset pricing theory assumes. The results support Merton’s (1987) hypothesis that investors are exposed to idiosyncratic risk due to imperfect portfolio diversification and receive compensation for bearing that risk. Practical implications The pricing of idiosyncratic risk may also explain why the Australian stock market has historically offered a high equity risk premium. A practical implication would be for international investors to take advantage of the diversification constraints of local investors to capture higher risk premiums and achieve superior returns. Originality/value While prior studies demonstrate that stocks with higher idiosyncratic risk are associated with higher subsequent returns, the authors show that an increase in idiosyncratic risk is associated with a decrease in stock prices using acquisition announcements as shocks to a firm’s idiosyncratic risk. In other words, the results arise from within-firm variations rather than from cross-sectional differences in stock returns.

The value relevance of financial instruments disclosure: evidence from Jordan

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasean Tahat ◽  
T. Dunne ◽  
S. Fifield ◽  
D. Power
Keyword(s):  
Value Relevance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Ifrs 7

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to: examine the value relevance of financial instruments disclosure (FID) provided by Jordanian listed companies under International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 7) as compared to that supplied under IAS 30/32; provide evidence about the value relevance of high vs low levels of FID; and investigate which components of FI-related information are more value relevant. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 70 Jordanian listed companies is used in this monograph. A disclosure index checklist was constructed to measure FI information provided by the sample companies. In addition, a valuation model is employed to test the association between FID and market value. Findings Although evidence is provided that FI information was value relevant over the two periods of investigation, the information supplied after the implementation of IFRS 7 was more strongly associated with market values. An analysis of the sub-components of FID reveals that the details about balance sheet, fair value and risk information matter when valuing equity. Overall, the results indicate that investors value FI-related information when making their equity pricing decisions. The result suggests that compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements does produce relevant financial statements. Research limitations/implications The results of the current study have a number of implications for policy makers. First, they provide a great deal of insight for the IASB about the relevance of its standards to countries outside the western context. In addition, the findings provide valuable insights for policy makers in Jordan who are concerned about the implications of mandatory disclosures. Originality/value The analysis of FID in developing countries in general, and in Jordan in particular, has been overlooked by the extant literature and therefore this study is the first of its kind to examine this research issue for a sample of Jordanian firms.

The effect of intangible assets on sustainable growth and firm value – Evidence on intellectual capital investment in companies listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Ionita ◽  
Elena Dinu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainable Growth Rate ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe present study investigates the connection between company investments in intellectual capital (IC) and how they translate into financial value. The aim is to test the impact of intangible assets on the firm value and its sustainable growth.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs computation models to determine the sustainable growth rate (SGR) and the firm value (FV), and by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model through a linear regression assesses the relationship between the dependent variables and expenditures on intangibles like R&D, IT programs and patents. A sample of 42 companies has been selected out of the 78 listed at Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE), based on the appropriateness of the information disclosed in the financial reports for the period 2016–2019.FindingsThe results show that intangibles classified as innovative competences (R&D and Patents) do not have a positive impact on SGR and FV in listed companies from Romania. Moreover, R&D has a negative and significant effect on FV, while IT Programs have a positive and significant impact on FV, but not on the SGR. Variables categorised as economic competencies (Brands, Shares held in associates and jointly controlled entities) and firm structure-specific variables (Leverage, Firm Performance) seem to have a significant effect on SGR and FV. Shares held in associates and jointly controlled entities is the variable that can have the biggest impact when it comes to FV for companies listed at BSE.Research limitations/implicationsDue to non-disclosure of specific information by some companies, or lack of investments in intangibles the sample had to be reduced and does not cover all listed companies.Practical implicationsCompanies listed on the Regulated Market from the Bucharest Stock Exchange should maintain their scale of liabilities at a reasonable level when financing intangible assets in order to ensure corporate long-term and sustainable development. Also, these companies should maintain awareness about the importance of intangible assets and invest more in specific sub-components, in order to sustain competitive advantage. Recognizing the roles of intangibles, managers need to develop strategies to invest in profitable intangibles by reasonably allocating their limited resources, in order to achieve sustainable growth and increase company success.Originality/valueStudies concerning the relation between investments in intangibles and sustainable growth rate and firm value of listed Romanian companies are very scarce. This paper reveals new research, never before undertaken, concerning expenditures on intangibles by Romanian companies and the valuation of such investments on Bucharest Stock Exchange.

Market reactions to the inclusion of people with disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Araceli Hernández González
Keyword(s):  
Event Study ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Market Reactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Research Advance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to provide evidence of market reactions to organizations' inclusion of people with disabilities. Cases from financial journals in 1989–2014 were used to analyze the impact of actions taken by organizations to include or discriminate people with disabilities in terms of the companies' stock prices.Design/methodology/approachThis research is conducted as an event study where the disclosure of information on an organization's actions toward people with disabilities is expected to impact the organization's stock price. The window of the event was set as (−1, +1) days. Stock prices were analyzed to detect abnormal returns during this period.FindingsResults support the hypotheses that investors value inclusion and reject discrimination. Furthermore, the impact of negative actions is immediate, whereas the impact of positive actions requires at least an additional day to influence the firm's stock price. Some differences among the categories were found; for instance, employment and customer events were significantly more important to a firm's stock price than philanthropic actions. It was observed that philanthropic events produce negative abnormal returns on average.Originality/valueThe event study methodology provides a different perspective to practices in organizations regarding people with disabilities. Moreover, the findings in this research advance the literature by highlighting that organizations should consider policies and practices that include people with disabilities.

scholarly journals R&D value of Chinese manufacturing listed companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-262
Author(s):  
An Tongliang ◽  
Wang Wenyi
Keyword(s):  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chinese Stock Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Value Model ◽  
D Investment ◽  
D Value

Purpose The way to measure the value of an enterprise’s R&D investments remains elusive for theoretical and empirical study on innovation economics. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper expands the asset-value model pioneered by Griliches (1981) and applies it for the first time to the Chinese stock market to calculate the value of R&D investment instilled by Chinese manufacturing listed companies (CMLCs) from 2003 to 2014. Findings The authors find that: the assets-value model can better explain the enterprise value composition of CMLCs; with equal input, the value of R&D is higher than that of tangible assets, and lower than that of organizational assets; compared with the developed countries, the R&D value of CMLCs is lower; and the R&D value of CMLCs saw a downward trend from 2007 to 2014. Originality/value Furthermore, by rationally estimating the value of organizational assets and non-tradable shares, and innovatively introducing semi-annual momentum indicators from the perspective of behavioral finance to control the influence of investor sentiment on enterprise value, this paper tries to develop the asset-value model and provides a feasible solution to the problem of measuring the value of Chinese enterprises’ R&D investment.

scholarly journals RELEVANSI NILAI MODAL INTELEKTUAL (PENDEKATAN RETURN ON ASSETS DAN MARKET CAPITALIZATION METHOD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy Malinda ◽  
Dyna Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Purposive Sampling

<p><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Value relevance is the ability of a value in explaining information about company's valuation. Company valuation has a connection with the investors and their investment decisions. Based on the Resource Based View (RBV) theory, well-managed intellectual capital can generate value added and future competitive advantage for the company. This value added and competitive ability can affect investor's decision to make an investment in the company. This investment decision means the demand for company shares are increasing and along with this increase, the company’s market share price also increases. The increase in company's stock price will increase the value of the company.</em><strong><em></em></strong><em> This quantitative research aims to examine and analyze the value relevance of intellectual capital. Intellectual capital in this study measured using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC<sup>TM</sup>) method, Intellectual Capital Index (ICI), and through Yahoo Finance's Internet Message Boards (IMBs). The independent variable in this study is intellectual capital, the dependent variable used is firm value, and the control variable is size of the company used in this study. This research samples was selected using purposive sampling method on the companies registered in Kompas100 for the period of July 2019. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression.The results of this study conclude that intellectual capital measured using VAIC<sup>TM</sup> and through Yahoo Finance IMBs has no value relevance. Whereas intellectual capital which is measured using ICI has value relevance. These results indicate that ICI is the most appropriate proxy for measuring intellectual capital.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em> </em><em>v</em><em>alue relevance, intellectual capital</em><em>, firm value, company size</em></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong>: Relevansi nilai merupakan kemampuan suatu nilai dalam menjelaskan informasi mengenai penilaian suatu perusahaan. Penilaian suatu perusahaan memiliki kaitan dengan investor dan keputusan investasinya. Berdasarkan teori Resource Based View (RBV), modal intelektual yang dikelola dengan baik dapat menghasilkan nilai tambah dan keuntungan kompetitif di masa depan bagi perusahaan. Nilai tambah dan kemamppuan kompetitif ini dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan investor untuk memberikan investasi pada perusahaan. Adanya keputusan investasi pada perusahaan berarti permintaan atas saham perusahaan meningkat dan seiring dengan peningkatan ini, harga pasar saham perusahaan ikut meningkat. Peningkatan pada harga saham perusahaan akan memberikan kenaikan pada nilai perusahaan. Penelitian kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis relevansi nilai modal intelektual. Modal intelektual dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan metode <em>Value Added Intellectual Coefficient</em> (VAIC<sup>TM</sup>), <em>Intellectual Capital Index</em> (ICI), dan melalui <em>Internet Message Boards</em> (IMBs) Yahoo Finance. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah modal intelektual, variabel dependen yang digunakan adalah nilai perusahaan, dan variabel kontrol yaitu ukuran perusahaan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel penelitian dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Kompas100 periode Juli 2019. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa modal intelektual yang diukur menggunakan VAIC<sup>TM</sup> dan melalui IMBs Yahoo Finance tidak memiliki relevansi nilai. Sedangkan modal intelektual yang diukur menggunakan ICI memiliki relevansi nilai. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ICI merupakan proksi yang paling tepat untuk digunakan dalam mengukur modal intelektual.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> relevansi nilai, modal intelektual, nilai perusahaan, ukuran perusahaan</p>

Comparing the informativeness of sustainability disclosures versus ESG disclosure ratings

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li Eng ◽  
Mahelet Fikru ◽  
Thanyaluk Vichitsarawong
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Company Valuation ◽  
Incremental Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of sustainability disclosures and disclosure ratings on firm value. This paper compares the informativeness of sustainability disclosures in company reports versus environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure ratings. The authors examine the extent to which they provide incremental information. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of panel data from over 2,600 publicly-listed non-financial US companies for the period 2014–2018. The authors obtain sustainability disclosures from Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Navigator and ESG disclosure scores from Bloomberg. The authors regress market value and/or stock price on sustainability disclosures and ESG scores to evaluate information content. Findings ESG scores are positively associated with market value and price. Sustainability disclosures in the form of metrics and company-tailored narratives provide incremental information content on market value and/or price. Boilerplate disclosures reduce market value and price. Sustainability disclosures and ESG scores provide incremental information, suggesting that it would be beneficial to harmonize standards for reporting sustainability disclosures. Research limitations/implications The limitation is that the authors have only considered sustainability disclosures for a sample of US companies from two sources – SASB Navigator and Bloomberg. Practical implications The paper provides some evidence that may be pertinent to the debate on whether to harmonize the guidance on reporting sustainability issues. Social implications The paper provides evidence on the benefits to firms for reporting sustainability issues. Originality/value This paper is among the first to analyze company sustainability disclosures obtained from two different sources – SASB Navigator and ESG disclosure ratings – and compare them for relevance for company valuation. With SASB Navigator, the authors obtain further refinement into the nature of the information provided in the sustainability disclosures, that is, boilerplate, company-tailored or metrics disclosures.

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