2019 Vietnam Youth Integrity Survey (YIS 2019)

Youth are the main foundation for a country. They represent the future of society, which they shape through their attitudes and behaviours. Transparency International shows that young people know that corruption is wrong, that they are willing to report on and expose corruption, and that they aspire to live in societies that are fair, transparent and rooted in integrity.

Government Expenditure and Its Effect on Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria

This study examined government expenditure and its effect on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria. This was undertaken given that Nigeria is a democratic underdeveloped economy seeking sustainable development. The Millennium Development Goals, the predecessor of SDGs, did not achieve much and now there are the Sustainable Development Goals to finance in the face of a volatile mono-economy, corruption, weak budgetary system, decaying infrastructure and security challenges. The specific objective of this study is to analyze the structure and trend of government expenditure from 1986 to 2020. The study adopted an ex-post-facto research design. Secondary data was obtained from publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, Transparency International and the World Bank. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for analysis. The findings of the study revealed that recurrent expenditure outlay is higher than capital expenditure, the economic and social service sectors expenditure is inadequate to foster any meaningful sustainable development and, corruption is rife in the country. Hence, the study concludes that there are indications that the SDGs just like its predecessors, the MDGs, is on the verge of achieving poor outcomes if urgent measures are not taken to correct this. So, the study recommends that the structure of government expenditure should be reversed and made adequate; environmental sector expenditure should be disaggregated for easy inference to ensure that the issues of environmental degradation are dealt with; and agencies such as the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, the Nigerian Police and other security agencies should be strengthened.

Anti-Corruption NGOs as Think Tanks

While anti-corruption scholars have analyzed and explained theoretically citizen-based anti- corruption approaches, studies on one of the most important aspects of a leading anti-corruption non-governmental organization (NGO) has been limited: the role of Transparency International (TI), in particular national branches of TI, as a think tank. Drawing on data from an interview with a former head of TI in the UK (TI-UK), this study will conduct a preliminary review and analysis of the effects of TI-UK in anti-corruption policymaking. The analysis shows that TI-UK was not only involved in the drafting of legislation but also had an impact on the outcomes during the legislation and initial implementation processes. This study is expected to contribute to understandings of anti-corruption policymaking processes and development of theories and practices of anti-corruption reforms.

Exploring the role of corruption and money laundering (ML) on bank’s loan portfolio quality: a cross-country investigation

Purpose Corruption and money laundering (ML) are severe concerns for both developing and developed countries. According to international organizations, such as Transparency International, the Basel Institute on Governance and the International Country Risk Guide, corruption and ML exist in every country. This research aims to investigate the impact of corruption and ML on the loan portfolio quality of banks. Design/methodology/approach From 2013 to 2019, this study used the panel data of 132 countries, including 87 highly corrupt and 45 least corrupt countries: the fixed effect and random effect econometric regression techniques for data analysis. Additionally, this study used the generalized methods of moment technique to check the result’s robustness. Findings This study shows that corruption and ML have diverse relationships with non-performing loans in highly corrupt and low corrupt countries. It is potentially because of the differences in the regulatory structure of a highly corrupt and least corrupt environment. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt that provides a unique perspective on corruption, ML and its effect on the loan’s portfolio quality of banks. Furthermore, this study suggests that governments in highly corrupt environments develop robust anti-corruption and anti-ML regulations.

BUSINESS ETHICS. CORRUPTION PERCEPTION ANALYSIS

This paper examines corruption from the perspective of business ethics. It is known that corruption negatively affects the development of countries in several ways: it reduces growth, chases away foreign investors and channels investments, loans and aid funds, the so-called White Elephant Projects. Corruption has a very high price for the poorest, who are denied access to basic goods and services, and this paper shows that the poor suffer the most from corruption. Based on the annual index provided by Transparency International, it can be observed that, in general, some of the richest countries in the world (like: Finland, Denmark, New Zealand, Canada, Iceland, Singapore and Sweden) consistently record a low level of corruption.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGAINST CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

The article analyzes, summarizes and considers the current state of international cooperation in the fight against corruption in public authorities and identifies the benefits of participation in international anti-corruption cooperation for modern Ukraine. The variability of the existence of definitions of the concept of "corruption" has been substantiated. Defined and characterized by the transnational nature of the modern phenomenon of corruption. The reasons for the increase in the number of corruption offenses and offenses related to corruption are clarified and measures are given to improve this situation. The main directions and levels of international cooperation in the fight against corruption have been determined. The basics of international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of combating and combating corruption in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the Prevention of Corruption" are considered. The article analyzes the regulatory and legal groundwork of the subjects of international anti-corruption activities, in particular the United Nations Convention against Corruption. The activities of influential subjects of international anti-corruption policy (GRECO, Transparency International, etc.) have been identified and characterized. The leading role of civil society institutions in the implementation of international anti-corruption policy has been clarified. Practical recommendations are proposed for improving the quality of anti-corruption measures to prevent and combat corruption for modern Ukraine in the framework of international cooperation in the fight against corruption in public authorities.

Коррупция и государство в Сахеле

Начиная с 2000 гг. новые инструменты оценки борьбы с коррупцией создают нелестный образ госу-дарств Сахеля. Согласно наиболее известному из них – Списку стран по восприятию коррупции (Corruption Perception Index, CPI), составляемому международной неправительственной организацией Transparency International, в 2016 г. практически все страны региона попали в группу государств с эндемической коррупцией. Однако восприятие коррупции внутри группы варьирует: Сенегал и Буркина Фасо считаются менее коррумпированными, чем Мали и Нигер, которые, в свою очередь, вы-глядят лучше Мавритании и особенно Чада, входящего в список 20 наиболее коррумпированных стран мира – вместе с Бурунди, Гаити, Центральноафриканской Республикой и Демократической Республи-кой Конго. Однако эти чисто количественные и вырванные из контекста измерения проливают мало света на социальное и культурное обрамление повседневной коррупции. Настоящая статья опирается на качественные эмпирические полевые исследования, ведущиеся автором в Нигере, Сенегале и Мавритании. Starting in the early 2000s, new means of measurement produced by the international anticorruption indus-try cast a rather unflattering light on the Sahelian countries, stigmatizing them for their lack of public integ-rity. In 2016 the best known of these tools, Transparency International’s “Corruption Perception Index” ranked all Sahelian countries, excepting (barely) Senegal, as states with systemic corruption (a score lower than 43). Perceptions vary from country to country: Senegal and Burkina Faso are reputedly less corrupt than Mali and Niger; these two are, in turn, more virtuous than Mauritania, and even more so than Chad. These approaches, purely quantitative and decontextualized, shed little light on how corruption is socially and culturally embedded in everyday life. In contrast, this article is based on qualitative empirical studies and on the author’s own research in Niger, Senegal, and Mauritania.

THE WHISTLEBLOWING AS A CATALYST TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Whistle-blowing activities around the world have generated huge interests from concerned parties such as the financial and public service, as the aftermath of its neglect often has dilapidating effects on the sustainability of economic growth and development of the nation. This is often seen in the 3rd world nations, such as Nigeria. This study aimed to examine the existing phenomenon between whistle-blowing, economic sustainability, growth and development of Nigeria. This study adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior. However, this was a literature review study that basically draws inferences from studies in this field from different continents (i.e. Europe, America, Asia and Africa). Consequently, the objective of this study was to conceptually investigate the whistle-blowing activities in Nigeria as to how it has assisted in curbing corruption in the public space in turn and improving the economic growth and development. In furtherance, this study reviewed events in African countries with close indexation with Nigeria. Therefore, this study concludes that whistle-blowing has a direct impact on sustainable economic growth and development of Nigeria. This is evident in the Transparency International index report. Lastly, this study recommends that whistleblowing policy should be properly implemented in public institutions to achieve minimum involvement of corruption in the country and that whistleblowers should be protected to encourage disclosure of corrupt acts in the public sector. This in turn will assist in the attainment of sustainable economic growth and development. Keyword: Whistleblowing, sustainable economic growth, theory of planned behaviour

Impact of Institutional Quality on Multilateral Aid in Nigeria

The linkage between quality of institutions and economic performance of nations has generated a lot of interest among scholars, due to their influence on development of many countries and effective use of resources including foreign aid from multilateral organizations. Two strands of theories emerge on the institutions-multilateral aids nexus: those for benefits of aid to growth and development; and those for harms caused by aid. The research objective is to investigate the impact of institutional quality on multilateral aid in Nigeria. To do this, the study applied auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. Data for the study were sourced from the ICRG data, WGI data, QoG database, Transparency International, and World Development Indicators (WDI). The findings show that institutional quality variables do not have any influence on the multilateral aid in Nigeria, except the ‘independence of judiciary’ which appeared statistically significant. In the short-run analysis, the disequilibrium in the long-run equilibrium is corrected for in the next quarter period by about 25%; almost all the variables are statistically and significantly influencing multilateral aid. It is therefore recommended that donor agencies should consider other factors that negatively influence official development assistance (ODA) such as politics, location and colonial history.

SIGNIFICANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF PROPERTY MARKETS IN MALAYSIA

The importance of the global real estate market has been widely debated over the last decade. Prior discussion has focused on various aspects of analysis used to evaluate the performance of the property market, such as statistical analysis, surveys, academic or industrial literature. As a result, it is also necessary to examine the global and Asian property markets while also evaluating the significance and performance of the Malaysian property market in comparison to other Asian markets to determine Malaysia's international contribution to the global property market. The performance of Malaysia's property market from 2015 to 2018 was examined in this study. Data was gathered using Thomson Router Data Stream from Real Capital Analytic, Asia Pacific Real Estate Association (APREA), World Economic Forum, and Transparency International, among others. The study's findings will extend knowledge not only of the performance and significance of the Malaysian property market, but also of GDP growth, inflation rate, market ranking global, competitiveness business environment index, corruption perception, and risk and transparency index in Malaysia and across Asian countries. The overall results indicate that the performance and signs of the Malaysian real estate market were better compared to other Asian and developing markets.