scholarly journals The role of local labour market conditions and pupil attainment on post-compulsory schooling decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482-1509
Author(s):  
Elena Meschi ◽  
Joanna Swaffield ◽  
Anna Vignoles
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Nested Logit ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Schooling Decisions ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Males And Females

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of local labour market conditions and pupil educational attainment as primary determinants of the post-compulsory schooling decision. Design/methodology/approach Through the specification of a nested logit model, the restrictive independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption inherent in the multinomial logit (MNL) model is relaxed across multiple unordered outcomes. Findings The analysis shows that the factors influencing schooling decisions differ for males and females. For females, on average, the key drivers of the schooling decision are expected wage returns based on youth educational attainment, attitudes to school and parental aspirations, rather than local labour market conditions. For males, higher local unemployment rates encourage greater investment in education. Originality/value The contribution of this paper to the existing literature is threefold. First, a nested logit model is proposed as an alternative to a MNL. The former can formally incorporate the structured and sequential decision-making process that youths may engage with in relation to the post-compulsory schooling decision, as well as relaxing the restrictive IIA assumption inherent in the MNL across multiple unordered outcomes, an issue the authors discuss in more detail in the Methodology section below. Second, the analysis is based on extremely rich socio-economic data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, matched to local labour market data and administrative data from the National Pupil Database and Pupil Level Annual School Census, which provide a broad set of unusually high-quality measures of prior attainment. The authors argue that such high-quality data and an appropriate model specification allows identification of the determinants of the post-compulsory decision in a more detailed manner than many previous analyses. Third, the data have the scale necessary to consider whether the determinants of post-compulsory schooling decisions vary by gender, a particularly important issue given the differential education participation rates of males and females (e.g. in this cohort, females are about 10 percentage points more likely to go on to higher education in the UK than males), and the gendered choices of occupation (see, e.g. Bertrand, 2011). The work will, therefore, provide recent empirical evidence from England on gender differences in the determinants of education choices.

Welfare-use Accumulation and Chronic Dependency in Israel: The Role of Structural Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
NETTA ACHDUT ◽  
HAYA STIER
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Welfare Use

AbstractContemporary welfare policies in many Western countries limit public assistance for the long-term unemployed and spur rapid movement into the labour market. These policies have substantially changed the trade-offs of employment and welfare-use behaviour, making employment far more attractive than welfare dependency. Despite this new reality, many welfare recipients circulate in and out of the welfare system and the low-wage labour market or become disconnected from both work and welfare. Drawing on longitudinal administrative data of single Israeli mothers who received Income Support Benefit in 2003, this study focuses on the role of structural factors, including local labour market conditions and local availability of subsidised child-care, in explaining the intensity of welfare receipt over a 51-month period. The results indicate notable diversity in welfare-use accumulation. Some mothers were classified as short- to mid-termer recipients while others showed a much more intensive use, and about a third were classified as chronically dependent. Local labour market conditions and their change over time played an important part in explaining welfare accumulation, while local child-care availability had no effect. Implications for policy are discussed.

The role of the staff MFF in distributing NHS funding: taking account of differences in local labour market conditions

2009 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Elliott ◽  
Ada Ma ◽  
Matt Sutton ◽  
Diane Skatun ◽  
Nigel Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour

Unemployment durations and local labour market conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (19) ◽  
pp. 2109-2122
Author(s):  
Tom Pierse ◽  
John McHale
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour

scholarly journals Expectations of employers on the example of Słupsk local labour market (with the particular emphasis on the need for geographical competences)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Paulina Szmielińska-Pietraszek ◽  
Wioletta Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Geographic Knowledge ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractOn today's labour markets, the basic characteristics of the quality of the labour force is knowledge, qualifications, skills and experience possessed by it. Today, employers are looking for employees with high interpersonal competences, manners, responsible, hard-working, independent, honest and having the ability to learn quickly. For this, as an asset, they add the higher education, preferably directional, creativity and experience. The taken research area is characterized by economic lag in comparison with Gdańsk agglomeration area, as well as with other regions. In the article the reference was made to the declared needs of employers towards future employees, based on interviews conducted in 101 entities of the city of Słupsk and Słupsk county. The main aim of the research was to determine the usefulness of geographic knowledge for the local labour market. And thus indicating the possibility of increasing the attractiveness of geographical graduates in the labour market. Among the needs of employers of Słupsk labour market in accordance with the overall national trend, there is a large deficit of soft competencies, but also, among others, the gap typically professional related to information technology and engineering skills have been diagnosed. There has been a large gap identified in the ability to apply the knowledge (academic) in practical activities, which is called by the employers 'the professional experience'. In contrast, the studies on the usefulness of (the attractiveness of the labour market) competencies that are possible to learn while studying geography, showed the particular importance, valuable for the modern labour market skills of searching, collecting and processing of information. Currently in Poland, even in conditions of high unemployment existing mismatch between qualification and professional structure of supply and demand for labour can be observed. In the labour market, the presence is noted at the same time, the deficit and surplus professions and employers tend to have difficulty in recruiting people with specific skills and vocational skills. Not innovative small entities (which predominate in the structure of entities, inter alia, in Słupsk local labour market) are not able to take over the education of strictly professional competences due to a lack of capital. The role of practical education courses for universities is visible here. They are accumulating equipment and supplies for practical training which may in a flexible way try to respond to changing economic conditions.

Theories of Skill and Class Structure

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Penn
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
Balance Of Forces

This paper notes an increased interest in issues of skill and class structure evident amongst both Marxist and non-Marxist sociologists. It examines three questions in this area. Firstly, what theories are available to sociologists? How adequate are they, particularly for an understanding of trends in manual work in Britain? Finally, what improvements can be suggested? Two dominant grand-theoretical approaches, post-industrialism and Marxism, are analysed Post-industrialist theories of ‘skilling’ are rejected as empirically implausible and Marxist versions of ‘deskilling’ rejected on theoretical and empirical grounds. None the less, a secular decline in levels of training as measured by length of apprenticeships is noted, but the question of deskilling requires further research. A model of the relationships of skilled trades unions and capitalist employers under different local labour market conditions is suggested which, despite its simplicity, incorporates marked improvements upon the Marxist models that have been popular recently. In particular, it is strongly argued that an image of an asymmetric balance of forces adds considerably to an understanding of the variable relations between capital and skilled labour in Britain.

Rendering the hidden visible: subjected to “work on the self” in a local labour market measure

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Sunnerfjell
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to complement the literature understanding present labour market measures as infused by a so-called neoliberal rationality, fostering self-managerial selves by means of self-inspection. It does so by providing a much-needed illustration of how such “work on the self” is achieved in practice.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis draws on ethnographic fieldwork tracing the “active society” at the local level, depicting practices aimed at activating welfare clients in a local labour market measure organised in a rural Swedish municipality. Here, the author was offered to undergo a method aimed at enhancing participants' employability. As a result, data consists of ethnographic as well as auto-ethnographic accounts from this experience.FindingsThis analysis shows how destabilisation of subjectivity was central to the remoulding of individuals into employable and self-reliant selves. Moreover, by dispersing responsibility to the individual, it is shown how the organisation was able to refrain from accountability, hence reducing the levels of uncertainty and ambiguity that is part and parcel of people-processing welfare organisations.Practical implicationsThe article concludes with the warning that, in the wake of “local worlds of activation”, municipalities may sometimes draw on questionable assumptions of the human mind and behaviour, as well as the vulnerability of individuals' self-understanding, as a way of managing the “active society” at the local level.Originality/valueThe literature on activation lacks ethnographic accounts depicting concrete practices of turning the socially excluded into active and employable selves. Here, this article offers an illustrating example of such practices in action.

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