scholarly journals The discrimination decomposition index: a new instrument to separate statistical and taste-based discrimination using first- and second-generation immigrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1597
Author(s):  
Giovanni Busetta ◽  
Maria Gabriella Campolo ◽  
Demetrio Panarello
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis article deals with the impact of ethnic origin on individual employability, focussing on the first stage of the hiring process. Deeply, the authors’ goal is to fathom whether there is a preference for native job candidates over immigrants, decomposing the discrimination against minority groups into its statistical and taste-based components by means of a new approach.Design/methodology/approachThe authors built up a data set by means of an ad hoc field experiment, conducted by sending equivalent fictitious CVs in response to 1000 real online job openings in Italy. The authors developed the discrimination decomposition index using first- and second-generation immigrants.FindingsThe authors’ main result is that both first- and second-generation immigrants are discriminated compared to Italians. In between the two categories, second-generation candidates are discriminated especially if their ethnicities are morphologically different from those of natives (i.e. Chinese and Moroccans). This last finding is a clear symptom of discrimination connected to taste-based reasons. On the other hand, first-generation immigrants of all nationalities but Germans are preferred for hard-work jobs.Originality/valueThe authors develop the discrimination decomposition index to measure the proportion of the two kinds of discrimination (statistical and taste-based) over the total one and apply a probit model to test the statistical significance of the difference in treatment between the three groups of natives, first-generation and second-generation immigrants.

One person, three identities? Examining re-politicization of ethnic, national, and Australian identities among 1.5-generation Taiwanese immigrants in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 144078332093415
Author(s):  
Yao-Tai Li
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Identity Negotiation ◽  
Generation 1.5 ◽  
The Political ◽  
Host Society ◽  
1.5 Generation ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
First And Second Generation

Immigrants of the 1.5-generation (1.5-ers) differ from first- and second-generation immigrants because they are generally better immersed in the culture of the host society than the first generation; yet, compared to the second generation, they often have to renegotiate their identities in relation to parents, colleagues at work, and people in the host society during the processes of migration. Drawing on interview data from Taiwanese 1.5-ers in Australia, this article takes a further step and points out that in addition to the identity struggle between home and host country, Taiwanese 1.5-ers also identify as ethnic Chinese (Huaren) and constantly negotiate between these three identities (Huaren, Taiwanese, and Australian). This article argues that identity negotiation and hybridization is in nature a re-politicization process in which respondents are fully aware of the political meanings and power disparities of each identity. It is also a process whereby Taiwanese 1.5-ers mobilize, downplay, and hybridize specific identities based on time and context.

First-generation immigrants feel socially excluded and have greater pro-violence attitudes than the native population in England and Wales

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Bui ◽  
David P Farrington
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Violence Attitudes

Purpose – Studies examining immigrant generational status and violence have supported differences in the prevalence of violence between these groups. The purpose of this paper is to measure relevant risk factors for violence to focus on whether negative perceptions may contribute to understanding the between-generations differences in violence. Based on the literature, it is theorised that pro-violence attitudes would be related to and be higher in second-generation immigrants than first-generation immigrants, and that negative perceptions would mediate the relationship between pro-violence attitudes and violence. Design/methodology/approach – Data to answer the study’s key questions were taken from the 2010-2011 UK citizenship survey, where only the main sample was analysed. Findings – The findings reveal that first-generation immigrants have a higher prevalence of pro-violence attitudes than the native population. Originality/value – This suggests that there is an intergenerational transmission in violent attitudes, and this is a risk factor for actual violence in second-generation immigrants.

Immigrant and second-generation Turkish entrepreneurs in Melbourne Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Soydas ◽  
Torgeir Aleti
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Generation Immigrant ◽  
Business Establishment ◽  
First And Second Generation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the key differences between first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs in their path to entrepreneurship. The aim of the study is to better understand entrepreneurial motivations amongst immigrants by comparing first- and second-generation entrepreneurs in their motivation for business entry, reliance on co-ethnic market, use of social and financial capital, business planning and marketing practices. Design/methodology/approach – Using an interpretivist approach and a qualitative design, this study comprises 20 in-depth interviews with first- and second-generation Turkish entrepreneurs (TEs) in Melbourne, Australia. Turks in Australia were chosen because of their high level of entrepreneurial activity. In order to uncover deep-seeded motivations, participants were interviewed in a face-to-face format guided by a semi-structured interview guide. Findings – The second-generation TEs were distinctively different from their first-generation counterparts in motivation for business entry, business establishment and use of ethnicity. The analysis shows that although the generations differ in their approach to business establishment, they both appear to be drawn to entrepreneurship based on “pull factors”. This is in contrast with previous literature suggesting that first-generation immigrant entrepreneurs were motivated by “push factors”. Originality/value – This paper suggests that both first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurs are “pulled” into entrepreneurship voluntarily. While the first-generation entrepreneurs seem to be motivated/pulled by financial reasons, the second generation are motivated by opportunity recognition, status and ambition. Nevertheless, a lack of trust in government support agency is found within both generations. Thus, outreach activities towards entrepreneurial immigrant communities may have positive effects for the economy as well as in the integration of ethnic enclaves.

scholarly journals Identity and difference – re-thinking UK South Asian entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-589
Author(s):  
Mark Christopher McPherson
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Identity And Difference ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose This paper, which is part of a larger study, aims to discuss from an ethno-cultural perspective, the notion of self-identification and difference pertaining to first and second-generation South Asian male entrepreneurs. In essence, previous studies have not explored this dimension to any sufficient depth. Therefore, evidence is unclear as to how ethno-culture has informed entrepreneurial identity and difference. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a phenomenological research paradigm, 42 semi-structured interviews were conducted with first- and second-generation Sikh and Pakistani Muslim male entrepreneurs in Greater London. A typology of second-generation entrepreneurs is developed and a research agenda proposed. Findings First-generation respondents regard the UK as home and do not suffer from shifts in identity. These particular respondents identify themselves as Sikh or Pakistani Muslim or a Businessman. However, the second-generation identify themselves via three distinct labels. Here respondents stress their ethnicity by using Hyphenated British identities or hide their ethnicity behind the term a Normal Businessman, or appear opportunists by using ethnicity as a resource to espouse a true entrepreneurial identity. Research limitations/implications The research environment within the Greater London area where the respondents are located may not be as generalisable when compared with other parts of the UK. Originality/value This paper offers a unique insight into self-prescribed identity and difference noted among London’s ethnic entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Analyzing Educational Achievement Differences between Second-Generation Immigrants: Comparing Germany and German-Speaking Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes S. Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Score Distribution ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this study, I provide evidence that the educational achievement of second- generation immigrants in German-speaking Switzerland is greater than in Germany. The impact of the first-generation immigrants’ destination decision on their offspring’s educational achievement seems to be much more important than has been recognized by the existing literature. I identify the test score gap between these students that cannot be explained by differences in individual and family characteristics. Moreover, I show how this gap evolves over the test score distribution and how the least favorably endowed students fare. My results suggest that the educational system of Switzerland, relative to the German system, enhances the performance of immigrants’ children substantially. This disparity is largest when conditioning on the language spoken at home, and prevails even when comparing only students whose parents migrated from the same country of origin.

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