Carriage of mutations R462Q (rs 486907) and D541E (rs 627928) of the RNASEL gene and risk factors in patients with prostate cancer in Burkina Faso.

Background Prostate cancer (Pca) is a public health problem that affects men, usually of middle age or older. It is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and the fifth leading cause of death. The RNASEL gene located in 1q25 and identified as a susceptibility gene to hereditary prostate cancer, has never been studied in relation to prostate cancer in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to analyze the carriage of RNASEL R462Q and D541E mutations and risks factors in patients with prostate cancer in the Burkina Faso. Methods This case-control study included of 38 histologically diagnosed prostate cancer cases and 53 controls (cases without prostate abnormalities). Real-time PCR genotyping of R462Q and D541E variants using the TaqMan® allelic discrimination technique was used. Correlations between different genotypes and combined genotypes were investigated. Results The R462Q variant was present in 5.3% of cases and 7.5% of controls. The D541E variant was present in 50.0% of cases and 35% of controls. There is no association between R462Q variants (OR= 0.60; 95%IC, 0.10 - 3.51; p= 0.686) and D541E variants (OR=2.46; 95%IC, 0.78 - 7.80; p= 0.121) and genotypes combined with prostate cancer. However, there is a statistically significant difference in the distribution of cases according to the PSA rate at diagnosis (p ˂ 0.001). For the Gleason score distribution, only 13.2% of cases have a Gleason score greater than 7. There is a statistically significant difference in the Gleason score distribution of cases (p ˂ 0.001) Conclusions These variants, considered in isolation or in combination, are not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

Subjective Well-Being Mahasiswa Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Dilihat Dari Hope dan Employability

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara hope, employability dengan Subjective well-being pada mahasiswa profesi apoteker Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa profesi Apoteker Universitas Ahmad Dahlan yang berjumlah 80 orang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, alat pengumpulan data menggunakan skala hope, skala employability dan skala Subjective well-being. hasil dari uji asumsi normalitas pada penelitian ini yaitu diketahui bahwa subjective well-being memiliki p = 0,695 (p > 0,05), selanjutnya hope memiliki p = 0,458 (p > 0,05), dan employability p = 0,507 (p > 0,05). hasil uji normalitas menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel memiliki distribusi skor yang normal. Analisis regresi berganda penelitian memperoleh nilai koefisien R sebesar 0,499 dengan taraf signifikansi (p) sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara hope, employability dengan Subjective well-being pada mahasiswa profesi apoteker Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. This study aims to see the influence between hope, employability, and subjective well-being of the Ahmad Dahlan University pharmacist profession students. The subjects used in this study were the Ahmad Dahlan University Pharmacist profession which assessed 80 people. The research method used is quantitative methods, data aids using the scale of hope, employability scale and subjective well-being scale. The results of the normality assumption test in this study that it is not known that subjective welfare has p = 0.695 (p> 0.05), then it is expected to have p = 0.458 (p> 0.05), and work ability p = 0.507 (p> 0), 05). The results of the normality test show that the three variables have a normal score distribution. Multiple regression analysis obtained an R coefficient value of 0.499 with a significance level (p) of 0.000 (p <0.05). This shows that there is a significant influence between expectations, work ability and subjective welfare in the pharmacist professional students of Ahmad Dahlan University.

TFEB, SIRT1, CARM1, Beclin-1 expression and PITX2 methylation in breast cancer chemoresistance: a retrospective study

Background Breast cancer chemoresistance is attributed to a wide variety of mechanisms, including autophagy. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) has been recently identified and characterized as one major regulator of autophagy and lysosomal genesis. Objective This study aims to evaluate the prognostic impact of TFEB and its pathway in breast cancer chemoresistance. Methods This retrospective study analyzes the expression of TFEB, CARM1, SIRT1, and Beclin-1 and the methylation of PITX2 in breast carcinoma. A group of breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy, who relapsed within 12 months from treatment initiation, were compared to a sub-cohort of chemo-treated patients who did not recur within 12 months of follow-up. The expression of TFEB, CARM1, SIRT1, and Belcin-1 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. PITX2 methylation was tested with the diagnostic CE-marked kit Therascreen PITX2 RGQ PCR. In the final model, 136 cases of chemo-treated breast cancer were included. Results A higher TFEB and Beclin-1 expression correlate with shorter survival in patients with chemo-treated invasive breast cancer (respectively HR 3.46, CI.95 1.27–9.47, p < 0.05 and 7.11, CI.95 2.54–19.9). TFEB, CARM1, and SIRT1 are positively correlated with Beclin-1. The protein expression of SIRT1 is significantly associated with TFEB and CARM1 so that a very low SIRT1 expression (lower than the first quartile of the H-score distribution) correlates with a low expression of TFEB and CARM1 and with longer survival. SIRT1 seems to have a lower H-score in the basal-like and HER2-enriched tumors than the luminal subtypes. Beclin-1 and TFEB seem to have a higher H-score in the basal-like and HER2-enriched tumors than the luminal subtypes. PITX2 methylation analysis was feasible only in 65% of the selected samples, but no significant differences between cases and controls were found, and there was also no correlation with the expression of the TFEB pathway. Conclusions TFEB, SIRT1, and Beclin-1 seem to have a potential prognostic significance in patients with chemo-treated breast cancer, likely because of their role in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, no correlation between TFEB and PITX2 methylation was found, likely because they perform two different roles within the autophagy process.

Slower adaptation of control strategies in individuals with high impulsive tendencies

Flexible use of reactive and proactive control according to environmental demands is the key to adaptive behavior. In this study, forty-eight adults performed ten blocks of an AX-CPT task to reveal the strength of proactive control by the calculation of the proactive behavioral index (PBI). They also filled out the UPPS questionnaire to assess their impulsiveness. The median-split method based on the global UPPS score distribution was used to categorize participants as having high (HI) or low (LI) impulsiveness traits. The analyses revealed that the PBI was negatively correlated with the UPPS scores, suggesting that the higher is the impulsiveness, the weaker the dominance of proactive control processes. We showed, at an individual level, that the PBI increased across blocks and suggested that this effect was due to a smaller decrease in reactive control processes. Notably, the PBI increase was slower in the HI group than in the LI group. Moreover, participants who did not adapt to task demands were all characterized as high impulsive. Overall, the current study demonstrates that (1) impulsiveness is associated with less dominant proactive control due to (2) slower adaptation to task demands (3) driven by a stronger reliance on reactive processes. These findings are discussed in regards to pathological populations.

Distribution across Age of Raw and Scaled Intelligence Scores - the DARSIS model

The mean raw score on intelligence tests rises steeply in childhood before stabilizing for adolescents and adults, Little is known however about how the different percentiles, let alone the entire raw score distribution, changes from early childhood to adulthood. This study will show that there is a regular, mathematical relationship between age, raw scores and scaled scores on intelligence test subtests with a high g-loading. Using the norm tables from 60 subtests from 19 different intelligence tests normed in 5 different countries between 1984-2020, a relatively simple model with three coefficients and a variable ’difficulty’ parameter is shown to explain almost all of the variance in the norm tables. Smaller errors are found for the mean of norm tables, and for higher performance, but not for greater age. The year in which a test was normed also did not appear to influence the fit of the model. Possible applications of the DARSIS model, such as the creation of norms for above-level testing, creating extended norms, a reduced parameter space when norming new intelligence tests and calculating reference ages are discussed.

A New Paradigm in Managing Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Differentiating Patients Requiring Neoadjuvant Treatment from Primary Cytoreduction

Our study aims to evaluate the comparability of primary debulking surgery (PDS) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) patients. This single-center retrospective study includes all patients treated for advanced stages high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) between 2007 and 2017. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared after a propensity score matching analysis. Of the 221 patients included, 38% underwent PDS, and 62% received NACT. There was no age difference at diagnosis; however, CA125 levels, PCI score levels, and rates of stage IV were higher in the NACT group. There were no differences concerning the rate and the severity of complications (p = 0.29). The propensity score distribution showed a broad distinction between PDS patients and NACT patients with no significant overlap. Survival analyses demonstrate, after a median follow-up of 66.5 months, an overall survival (OS) of 105.9 and progression-free survival (PFS) of 29.2 months in the PDS group, compared to OS of 52.8 and PFS of 18.9 months in the NACT group. Advanced HGSOC is a heterogeneous population, in which inoperable patients should be differentiated from PDS patients based on many factors, primarily tumor burden.

Relationship between Learning Motivation and Biology Learning Outcomes

This research is a descriptive correlation study that aims to reveal the relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes of students' biology. This study uses a correlational study approach because it connects two variables, namely two independent variables in the form of learning motivation and the dependent variable in the form of biology learning outcomes of students. The technique used in sampling is purposive proportional random sampling, by determining the proportion according to the number of students in the school being studied. In this study, Pearson Product Moment using for conversion score analysis, score distribution, normality tests, and correlation analysis. This correlation analysis aims to determine the relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes of biology. Furthermore, to see whether or not there is meaning in the research, the t-test is used and to see the contribution between the two variables using the coefficient determinant formula. The results show that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes of students in class X MIPA SMAN in Padang City with the value of tcount are 7.603, at the level of confidence 95% with db = 285, greater than ttable which is 1.650

Empowering patients: simplifying discharge instructions

Patients who do not have enough information about their discharge plans have decreased treatment compliance, decreased patient safety, increased emergency department (ED) recidivism, and poor satisfaction. This project aimed to develop and implement a method to assess and improve patient understanding of treatment and discharge plan in the ED. The authors developed a questionnaire to assess patient knowledge using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and Joint Commission recommendations, areas of communication deficits reported in other manuscripts, and ED staff and provider input. Responses from patient interviews were then scored against the medical record. Three trained scorers graded all responses, and inter-rater reliability was calculated using the kappa statistic.Baseline observations found that written discharge instructions were long and tedious, and important information was difficult to find. Based on initial patient scores, stakeholder interviews, and fishbone diagrams, the team developed a one-page simplified information page (SIP) targeted to inform patients their most relevant discharge instructions. Next, the SIP was tested on 118 patients to measure its effect on patient understanding. At the baseline study, no patients had complete understanding of their discharge instructions. The areas of lowest scores were medication instructions and indications to return to the ED. Implementation of the SIP resulted in statistically significant changes in score distribution across all questions assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Interrater reliability between scorers was high (kappa=0.84). We incorporated the concept of the SIP to the cover page of our standard discharge instructions.Healthcare providers often spend valuable time educating their patients, and it is important to assess the effectiveness of this teaching to identify areas in which we may improve health literacy and patient understanding. This project has shown that a simple, easy-to-read, concise page developed with patient input significantly improved ED discharge instruction knowledge.