One person, three identities? Examining re-politicization of ethnic, national, and Australian identities among 1.5-generation Taiwanese immigrants in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 144078332093415
Author(s):  
Yao-Tai Li
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Identity Negotiation ◽  
Generation 1.5 ◽  
The Political ◽  
Host Society ◽  
1.5 Generation ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
First And Second Generation

Immigrants of the 1.5-generation (1.5-ers) differ from first- and second-generation immigrants because they are generally better immersed in the culture of the host society than the first generation; yet, compared to the second generation, they often have to renegotiate their identities in relation to parents, colleagues at work, and people in the host society during the processes of migration. Drawing on interview data from Taiwanese 1.5-ers in Australia, this article takes a further step and points out that in addition to the identity struggle between home and host country, Taiwanese 1.5-ers also identify as ethnic Chinese (Huaren) and constantly negotiate between these three identities (Huaren, Taiwanese, and Australian). This article argues that identity negotiation and hybridization is in nature a re-politicization process in which respondents are fully aware of the political meanings and power disparities of each identity. It is also a process whereby Taiwanese 1.5-ers mobilize, downplay, and hybridize specific identities based on time and context.

scholarly journals The (South) American Dream: Mobility and Economic Outcomes of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Nineteenth-Century Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
First And Second Generation

I study the mobility and economic outcomes of European immigrants and their children in nineteenth-century Argentina, the second largest destination country during the Age of Mass Migration. I use new data linking males across censuses and passenger lists of arrivals to Buenos Aires. First-generation immigrants experienced faster occupational upgrading than natives. Occupational mobility was substantial relative to Europe; immigrants holding unskilled occupations upon arrival experienced high rates of occupational upgrading. Second-generation immigrants outperformed the sons of natives in terms of literacy, occupational status and access to property, and experienced higher rates of intergenerational mobility out of unskilled occupations.

scholarly journals Obsessive beliefs and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive symptoms amongst immigrant children and early adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pozza ◽  
Anna Coluccia ◽  
Silvia Casale ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Federico Mucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Immigrant Youth ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
First And Second Generation

Abstract Background. Vulnerability factors for obsessive-compulsive (OC) features in immigrant youth are under-studied. The migration process can have a highly stressful impact on the psychological wellbeing of the individual and it may represent a precipitating factor for different forms of psychopathology. Little is known about the occurrence of OC traits. Unlike other European countries, immigration to Italy is a recent phenomenon. In community children/early adolescents, this study compared OC general symptoms/subtypes and vulnerability cognitive factors amongst Italian natives, first- and second-generation immigrants, and examined whether such vulnerability factors moderate the relation between immigrant status and OC symptoms/subtypes, beyond socio-demographic/clinical variables. Methods. Two hundred sixty-eight children/early adolescents (99 natives, 82 and 87 first- and second-generation immigrants respectively) completed the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Child Version, Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version, Spence’s Children Anxiety Scale, Children’s Depression Inventory.Results. As compared with the other groups, first-generation immigrants had the highest levels of perfectionism and threat overestimation. Both first- and second-generation immigrants had higher doubting – checking traits than natives. First-generation immigrants with higher threat overestimation showed lower obsessing traits. Conclusions. Community screening programs for OC features should consider immigrant youth as a vulnerable group and, potentially, the target of an early intervention.

scholarly journals Educational Assimilation of First-Generation and Second-Generation Immigrants in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gries ◽  
Margarete Redlin ◽  
Moonum Zehra
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Education Gap ◽  
First And Second Generation

AbstractUsing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for 1984–2018, we analyze the intergenerational education mobility of immigrants in Germany by identifying the determinants of differences in educational stocks for first- and second-generation immigrants in comparison to individuals without a migration background. Our results show that on average, first-generation immigrants have fewer years of schooling than native-born Germans and have a disproportionate share of lower educational qualifications. This gap is strongly driven by age at immigration, with immigration age and education revealing a nonlinear relationship. While the gap is relatively small among individuals who migrate at a young age, integrating in the school system at secondary school age leads to large disadvantages. Examining the educational mobility of immigrants in Germany, we identify an inter-generational catch-up in education. The gap in education between immigrants and natives is reduced for the second generation. Finally, we find that country of origin differences can account for much of the education gap. While immigrants with an ethnic background closer to the German language and culture show the best education outcomes, immigrants from Turkey, Italy, and other southern European countries and especially the group of war refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and other MENA countries, have the lowest educational attainment.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis among immigrants in Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Berg-Hansen ◽  
Stine M Moen ◽  
Leiv Sandvik ◽  
Hanne F Harbo ◽  
Inger J Bakken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
First And Second Generation

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence is unevenly distributed worldwide. Immigration to Norway from countries with a lower MS prevalence is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate MS prevalence in different immigrant populations in Norway and evaluate the effect of migrating from low- to high-risk regions of MS. Method: First- and second-generation immigrants from the largest immigrant populations were identified from the 2012 Norwegian prevalence study. Prevalence of MS in different ethnic groups was compared using the standardized prevalence ratio (SPR). Results: European and North-American immigrants had the highest prevalence of MS, whereas African and Asian immigrants had the lowest. The prevalence of first-generation Iranian immigrants was not significantly different from the total Norwegian population (SPR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.46–1.03). Second-generation immigrants from Pakistan (SPR 1.62, 95% CI: 0.88–2.76) had a strong increase in prevalence compared to the first generation (SPR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.28). Conclusion: MS prevalence among immigrants in Norway in general reflects the uneven distribution worldwide. The sharp increase in prevalence in immigrants seen in one generation suggests strong environmental factors affecting the MS risk in Norway.

scholarly journals The role of labour market experiences in the social and political integration of first and second-generation Non-Western and Eastern European immigrants in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Turner ◽  
Christine Cross
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
First And Second Generation

AbstractThe increase in the number of immigrants in Europe in recent decades has been accompanied by a rise in anti-immigrant sentiment and a growth in support for far-right political parties in Europe. A key element for ant-immigrant sentiment is the assumed lack of attachment and commitment of immigrants to the institutions, values and national identity of the host country. While a considerable body of studies have focused on the political and social assimilation of immigrants into European countries, the possible influence of Irish labour market experiences of first and second generation immigrants from non-western countries and Eastern European countries remains an under-researched area in th e literature. Combining five waves of the European Social Survey we test the proposition that the labour market experiences of first and second-generation immigrants from non-western countries and Eastern European countries are a factor affecting the extent of political and social assimilation into the host country. Our findings indicate that first-generation immigrants’ attachment to the political institutions of the host country are likely influenced more by a comparison with conditions in their country of origin rather than how they fare in labour market of the host country.

The Farther They Come, the Harder They Fall? First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in the Swedish Labour Market

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN O. JONSSON
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Starting School ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
First And Second Generation

Sweden has been an immigrant country since World War II, with a mix of labour (especially from neighbouring Nordic countries) and refugee immigration up to the early 1970s and a large inflow of refugees, especially from the Middle East, after that. In 2002, almost 13 percent of the Swedish population was born in another country, summing up to more than one million inhabitants out of a total nine million. Labour immigrants arriving before 1970 used to have a labour-market achievement on a par with native Swedes. In recent decades, however, the first generation of immigrants, particularly those of non-European origin, have had relatively poor success in the labour market. This is counterbalanced by two facts: first, immigrants' labour-market attainment improves with years of residence in Sweden; second, there is considerable assimilation across generations. The second generation (born in Sweden, or who immigrated before starting school) do almost as well in the labour market as those with two Swedish-born parents. The remaining worry for this group is their relatively low employment rates.

scholarly journals Mortality in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a 10 year nationwide cohort study

Diabetologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Louise Bennet ◽  
Ruzan Udumyan ◽  
Carl Johan Östgren ◽  
Olov Rolandsson ◽  
Stefan P. O. Jansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Non-Western immigrants to Europe are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In this nationwide study including incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the aim was to compare all-cause mortality (ACM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM) rates in first- and second-generation immigrants with native Swedes. Methods People living in Sweden diagnosed with new-onset pharmacologically treated type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 were identified through the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. They were followed until 31 December 2016 for ACM and until 31 December 2012 for CSM. Analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, socioeconomic status, education, treatment and region. Associations were assessed using Cox regression analysis. Results In total, 138,085 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2006 and 2012 and fulfilled inclusion criteria. Of these, 102,163 (74.0%) were native Swedes, 28,819 (20.9%) were first-generation immigrants and 7103 (5.1%) were second-generation immigrants with either one or both parents born outside Sweden. First-generation immigrants had lower ACM rate (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.76, 0.84]) compared with native Swedes. The mortality rates were particularly low in people born in non-Western regions (0.46 [0.42, 0.50]; the Middle East, 0.41 [0.36, 0.47]; Asia, 0.53 [0.43, 0.66]; Africa, 0.47 [0.38, 0.59]; and Latin America, 0.53 [0.42, 0.68]). ACM rates decreased with older age at migration and shorter stay in Sweden. Compared with native Swedes, first-generation immigrants with ≤ 24 years in Sweden (0.55 [0.51, 0.60]) displayed lower ACM rates than those spending >24 years in Sweden (0.92 [0.87, 0.97]). Second-generation immigrants did not have better survival rates than native Swedes but rather displayed higher ACM rates for people with both parents born abroad (1.28 [1.05, 1.56]). Conclusions/interpretation In people with type 2 diabetes, the lower mortality rate in first-generation non-Western immigrants compared with native Swedes was reduced over time and was equalised in second-generation immigrants. These findings suggest that acculturation to Western culture may impact ACM and CSM in immigrants with type 2 diabetes but further investigation is needed.

scholarly journals The discrimination decomposition index: a new instrument to separate statistical and taste-based discrimination using first- and second-generation immigrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1597
Author(s):  
Giovanni Busetta ◽  
Maria Gabriella Campolo ◽  
Demetrio Panarello
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis article deals with the impact of ethnic origin on individual employability, focussing on the first stage of the hiring process. Deeply, the authors’ goal is to fathom whether there is a preference for native job candidates over immigrants, decomposing the discrimination against minority groups into its statistical and taste-based components by means of a new approach.Design/methodology/approachThe authors built up a data set by means of an ad hoc field experiment, conducted by sending equivalent fictitious CVs in response to 1000 real online job openings in Italy. The authors developed the discrimination decomposition index using first- and second-generation immigrants.FindingsThe authors’ main result is that both first- and second-generation immigrants are discriminated compared to Italians. In between the two categories, second-generation candidates are discriminated especially if their ethnicities are morphologically different from those of natives (i.e. Chinese and Moroccans). This last finding is a clear symptom of discrimination connected to taste-based reasons. On the other hand, first-generation immigrants of all nationalities but Germans are preferred for hard-work jobs.Originality/valueThe authors develop the discrimination decomposition index to measure the proportion of the two kinds of discrimination (statistical and taste-based) over the total one and apply a probit model to test the statistical significance of the difference in treatment between the three groups of natives, first-generation and second-generation immigrants.

“Dando las Gracias a Mis Papás”: Analyzing the Enactment of Callings across Generations of Latinx Immigrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Sánchez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Occupational Outcomes ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Callings, a prominent way in which communication scholars have spoken about meaningful work, are often used to describe individual pulls towards an occupation. Calling research has also been criticized for lacking participants with diverse backgrounds and occupations. This study addressed these gaps by investigating how Latinx immigrants across two generations made sense of their work as callings. By interviewing Latinx immigrants (N = 36) this study revealed that first- and second-generation immigrants co-constructed integrated callings. Unlike individual callings, integrated callings are tied to a common understanding of how various journeys are connected. Within immigrant families, there was an understanding about the relationship between first-generation immigrants’ migration journeys and second-generation immigrants’ occupational journeys. Across the two generations, work was tied to educational, occupational, and non-occupational outcomes that served to improve the lives of immigrants. The proposed framework, integrated callings, is one that accounts for non-occupational outcomes and the experiences of diverse workers.

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