Halogen-free ionic liquids as synthetic ester oil antiwear additives

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the tribological properties of 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate anion-based ionic liquids (ILs) when used as lubricant additives in synthetic ester oil. Design/methodology/approach The 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate anion-based ILs containing different cation-imidazolium and organo-ammonium were synthesized and characterized. Their tribological performances as lubricant additives were assessed on ball-on-flat tribological tester. Their compatibility with typical additives (such as viscosity improver, antioxidant, pour point depressant and anti-rusting agent) were evaluated on a four-ball friction and wear tester. Findings It was found that the synthesized ILs demonstrated more effective friction reduction and antiwear properties than the base synthetic ester oil. The ILs worked well with the other typical additives, such as viscosity improver, antioxidant, pour point depressant and anti-rusting agent. Originality/value The results of the experimental studies demonstrated the potential of 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate anion-based ILs as additives for improving friction reduction and antiwear abilities of synthetic ester oil.

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Long Chain Alkylated Ionic Liquids as Pour Point Depressant and Rheology Improver for Crude Oil

Petroleum Chemistry ◽

10.1134/s0965544121020079 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. Hazrati ◽

M. Abdouss ◽

A. A. Miran-Beigi ◽

A. A. Pasban

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Pour Point Depressant ◽

Point Depressant ◽

Long Chain

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Application of Synthesized Novel Biodegradable Pour-Point Depressant from Natural Source on Flow Assurance of Indian Waxy Crude Oil and Comparative Studies with Commercial Pour-Point Depressant

SPE Journal ◽

10.2118/208578-pa ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Biswadeep Pal ◽

Tarun Kumar Naiya

Keyword(s):

Interfacial Tension ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Flow Assurance ◽

Pour Point Depressant ◽

Waxy Crude Oil ◽

Waxy Crude ◽

Point Depressant

Summary Pour-point depressants (PPDs) were synthesized from natural sources and used in waxy crude oil transportation to reduce the pour point and improve flow. A biodegradable PPD (BPPD) was synthesized and tested to mitigate crude oil flow assurance problems in the present work. The transesterification process was used to synthesize coconut oil ethyl ester (COEE, termed as BPPD). Fourier transform electron spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), and microscopic analysis were performed for better understanding of mechanisms for both BPPD and a commercially available PPD named PPD-A. The pour point of crude oil was reduced by 12 and 9°C after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD and PPD-A, respectively. The microscopic analysis confirms that the crystals of wax converted to very fine and dispersed particles during mixing of additives, which in turn increase flowability. BPPD performs better to reduce interfacial tension than PPD-A. The maximum reduction of 19% in interfacial tension was observed after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD. BPPD alters the wettability of the pipeline surface from intermediate wet to water-wet within 60 seconds, which results in reduced slip velocity and consequently lessens the deposition of wax. As a result, crude oils will not stick to the wall of the pipe surface and will experience less resistance to flow through pipelines. FTIR analysis indicated that long-chain alkane and aromatic groups are responsible for a higher pour point, and their concentration level was reduced after the addition of BPPD. The viscosity of crude oil was reduced by almost 94% after the addition of 800 ppm BPPD with crude oil, which in turn minimizes pumping costs for crude oil. As a result, the total project cost was reduced substantially. Biodegradability tests confirm that the BPPD is biodegradable and nontoxic. Due to its biodegradability and nontoxic nature, BPPD has a promising capacity to be used in the petroleum industry for easier pipeline transportation of waxy crude.

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