scholarly journals Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Nitzl ◽  
Jose L. Roldan ◽  
Gabriel Cepeda
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose Indirect or mediated effects constitute a type of relationship between constructs that often occurs in partial least squares (PLS) path modeling. Over the past few years, the methods for testing mediation have become more sophisticated. However, many researchers continue to use outdated methods to test mediating effects in PLS, which can lead to erroneous results. One reason for the use of outdated methods or even the lack of their use altogether is that no systematic tutorials on PLS exist that draw on the newest statistical findings. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study illustrates the state-of-the-art use of mediation analysis in the context of PLS-structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings This study facilitates the adoption of modern procedures in PLS-SEM by challenging the conventional approach to mediation analysis and providing more accurate alternatives. In addition, the authors propose a decision tree and classification of mediation effects. Originality/value The recommended approach offers a wide range of testing options (e.g. multiple mediators) that go beyond simple mediation analysis alternatives, helping researchers discuss their studies in a more accurate way.

Using partial least squares structural equation modeling in hospitality and tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 3462-3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Usakli ◽  
Kemal Gurkan Kucukergin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review the use of partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in the field of hospitality and tourism and thereby to assess whether the PLS-SEM-based papers followed the recommended application guidelines and to investigate whether a comparison of journal types (hospitality vs tourism) and journal qualities (top-tier vs other leading) reveal significant differences in PLS-SEM use.Design/methodology/approachA total of 206 PLS-SEM based papers published between 2000 and April 2017 in the 19 SSCI-indexed hospitality and tourism journals were critically analyzed using a wide range of guidelines for the following aspects of PLS-SEM: the rationale of using the method, the data characteristics, the model characteristics, the model assessment and reporting the technical issues.FindingsThe results reveal that some aspects of PLS-SEM are correctly applied by researchers, but there are still some misapplications, especially regarding data characteristics, formative measurement model evaluation and structural model assessment. Furthermore, few significant differences were found on the use of PLS-SEM between the two fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading).Practical implicationsTo enhance the quality of research in hospitality and tourism, the present study provides recommendations for improving the future use of PLS-SEM.Originality/valueThe present study fills a sizeable gap in hospitality and tourism literature and extends the previous assessments on the use of PLS-SEM by providing a wider perspective on the issue (i.e. includes both hospitality and tourism journals rather than the previous reviews that focus on either tourism or hospitality), using a larger sample size of 206 empirical studies, investigating the issue over a longer time period (from 2000 to April, 2017, including the in-press articles), extending the scope of criteria (guidelines) used in the review and comparing the PLS-SEM use between the two allied fields (hospitality and tourism) and between the journal tiers (top-tier and other leading).

scholarly journals A bibliometric study of global research activity in relation to the use of partial least squares for policy evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Rosanna Cataldo ◽  
Laura Antonucci ◽  
Corrado Crocetta ◽  
Maria Gabriella Grassia ◽  
Marina Marino
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Bibliometric Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Scopus Database

Structural equation modeling (SEM), especially partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) has become a mainstream method in many fields of research. In the last years it has been increasingly disseminated in a variety of disciplines. The researchers have been promoting this new statistical methods for the evaluation of policies. Generally, policy evaluation applies evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy. To better understand and characterize this trend, a bibliometric study of international papers on this subject has been developed in order to describe the use of SEM and PLS-PM approaches in the policy evaluation in the almost last 20 years. A total of 450 articles from 2000 to 2020 have been selected and analyzed in order to discover the research trends in this field and the main dimensions and words related to the terms “decision making” and “SEM-PLS” approach, that are most commonly employed in the scientific literature. The research has been conducted in theWeb of Science from ISI Web of Knowledge database and Scopus database, with the aim of identifying the major themes, authors, areas, types of the sources, titles, years of publication and countries of these publications, as well as the main themes related to the two topic analyzed

The Use of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling in Causal Inference for Archival Financial Accounting Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Fei Goh ◽  
Mohamad Bilal Ali ◽  
Amran Rasli
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Accounting Research

In financial accounting research, multivariate regression is almost exclusively the dominant statistical method. By contrast, Partial Least Squares path modeling is a under-utilized statistical method. The aim of this study is to examine how Partial Least Squares path modeling can be applied to the archival financial accounting research. This article first presents an overview on multivariate regression and structural equation modeling. The authors then highlight that advantages of using Partial Least Squares path modeling to address the research constraints in causal inference for archival financial accounting research. 

Antecedents of satisfaction and loyalty in different spectator tribes in a football context

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lamberti ◽  
Josep Rialp ◽  
Alexandra Simon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Content Type

PurposeExtending existing research in a football context, this study explores how image and service quality influence spectator tribe satisfaction and loyalty and variations in behaviors depending on age, gender and emotional involvement.Design/methodology/approachSpectators aged 18 years and older who attended Barcelona Football Club home La Liga matches were sampled. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the model, and hybrid multigroup PLS-SEM was used to explore observed heterogeneity.FindingsImage and service quality both influence spectator satisfaction and loyalty. Satisfaction and loyalty are associated differently with three tribes: a nonpassionate tribe characterized by low emotional involvement and younger and older passionate tribes composed of emotionally involved spectators aged <30 and >30 years old, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s results contribute to strengthening the suitability of PLS-SEM and multigroup in sport management, in particular for analyzing the behavior of specific groups of football spectators.Originality/valueThe findings of this study underline image and service quality as crucial to football spectator satisfaction and loyalty, with emotional involvement and age defining different consumer tribes as potential targets for marketing purposes.

To verify or not to verify: using partial least squares to predict effect of online news on panic buying during pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim-Lim Tan ◽  
Joseph Kee-Ming Sia ◽  
Daniel Kuok Ho Tang
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Online News ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Partial Least Squares Method

PurposeCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has given rise to different dimensions of uncommon human behavior, and panic buying is one of them. Interestingly, panic buying research has not been given much attention. The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, it examines the influences of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) elements (subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavior control (PBC)) on panic buying. Secondly, it investigates online news and the perceived likelihood of being affected (PLA) as antecedents to the TPB constructs. Finally, to examine online news verification as a moderator on the relationship between the TPB constructs and panic buying.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 371 respondents and analyzed using the partial least squares method structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). PLS predict was applied to determine the predictive power of the model further.FindingsThis study found that subjective norms and attitude influence panic buying. The results further revealed that online news has a direct influence on the PLA and attitude. However, PBC has no such effect on panic buying. Surprisingly, online news verification also has no moderating effects on the relationships between the TPB elements and panic buying.Originality/valueThis research helps to understand consumer panic buying behavior, especially during shock events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is the first that extends the TPB incorporating both online news and PLA as antecedents to panic buying in the same model. Furthermore, the study serves as an initial attempt to investigate online news verification as a moderator between the link of three constructs of TPB and panic buying, contributing to existing literature. Lastly, it advances the body of knowledge on consumer behavior and contributes methodologically by introducing the PLS approach.

The impact of sales controls on manufacturers’ agents’ tactical decisions: the importance of inter-organizational climate

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Thompson ◽  
David Strutton ◽  
Tina Christine Mims ◽  
Trond Bergestuen
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compensation Plans ◽  
Behavioral Compliance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Organizational climate is an essential dynamic to leverage in salesforce performance. This study aims to develop a model that explores the determinants of independent manufacturers’ representatives’ (i.e. IMRs’) intentions to comply with their principals’ requests for additional tasking. Using agency theory, the authors explore the application of behavior and outcome-based controls upon dyadic manufacturer-IMR relationships for these additional performance/task requests. Design/methodology/approach Data from over 1,000 US-based IMRs were used to test two constructs; inter-organizational climate and perceptions of mutual satisfaction within the agency-principal dyad. Compliance behaviors tested were IMRs’ intentions to engage in non-selling-related tasks and intentions to allocate additional selling time to principals’ products. The following four exogenous controls were tested: perceived goal congruence between IMRs and principals; IMRs’ perceptions of principals’ expertise; mutual communications between IMRs and principals in the supply chain dyad; resources and sales support programs provided by principals to IMRs; and IMRs’ perceptions of the adequacy and fairness of the principals’ compensation plans. Findings Two constructs – inter-organizational climate and perceptions of mutual satisfaction with the agency-principal dyad – mediated the effects of exogenous sales controls on two compliance behaviors. The model’s data were analyzed using Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). A marker variable was deployed to check for common method variance also supported using the Partial least squares (PLS) factor solution. Most variables demonstrated significant direct and mediated effects on each compliance behavior. Variables that emphasized behavioral-based controls dominated intentions for IMRs to engage in non-selling tasks. The principal commission structure, the only sales outcome-based control in the study, most influenced IMRs’ intentions to commit additional sales time to their principals’ products. Research limitations/implications This study only examined the intentions of IMRs to engage in additional selling activities and their intention to engage in non-selling tasks. Principals may desire longer-term commitments from IMRs. The model developed here can be modified to capture additional behavioral and attitudinal outcomes including, for example, the exit intentions of IMRs. Practical implications Principals are well-advised to foster a positive inter-organizational climate that fuels perceptions of mutually satisfying working relationships with their IMRs. These mutually satisfying working relationships can, by themselves, positively influence IMRs to acquiesce to reasonable requests made by principals. This advice appears to be particularly crucial when asking IMRs to engage in additional non-selling tasks. The total pattern of path estimates points to the conclusion that capable sales control plays an important role in fostering positive inter-organizational climates. The inter-organizational climate – mutual satisfaction link proved crucial as a mediator of the impact of sales controls on IMRs’ behavioral compliance intentions. Originality/value Knowing the impact of sales controls on IMR’s affords businesses the ability to use these controls for behavioral compliance intentions on non-selling tasks.

Touring destination and intention to consume indigenous food

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1883-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim-Shyan Fam ◽  
Sharifah Nurafizah Syed Annuar ◽  
Kim Lim Tan ◽  
Franklin Hazley Lai ◽  
Ida Anak Ingko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Influencing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing Sabah’s indigenous food consumption, namely Kadazan-Dusun food, among tourists from China, Europe and Malaysia (non-Sabahans). Design/methodology/approach Survey forms were distributed to tourists from China, Europe and Malaysia using purposive sampling at tourist spots in Sabah, Malaysia. In total, 254 responses were collected, and the data were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings The findings demonstrate that tourists from China and Europe possess some similarities in consuming indigenous food in Sabah. They enjoy trying indigenous food even they are not familiar with the food. Additionally, our findings also show that tourists from China regard sensory appeal as an important aspect of food choice. Meanwhile, it is found that convenience and mood influence Malaysian’s choice of indigenous food. Originality/value This study provides insights regarding Sabah’s Kadazan-Dusun food consumption from foreign and domestic tourists’ perspectives. As such, it also provides direction to the local eateries and relevant tourism authorities to better promote indigenous food to foreign and domestic tourists.

scholarly journals Five Common Mistakes for Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) in Management Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-278
Author(s):  
Asyraf Afthanorhan ◽  
Zainudin Awang ◽  
Nazim Aimran
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Fitness Index

The value of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) in management research has now been acknowledged, although the PLS-PM was developed for a reason. First, the PLS-PM was developed as an alternative to Covariance based Structural Equation Modeling (CBSEM) when exploratory research is conducted. As far as this method concerned, many researchers are misused or overuse the application of PLS-PM without understanding the basic knowledge in structural equation modeling. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the five common mistakes (data distributions, sample size limitations, unsatisfactory fitness index, misunderstanding between confirmatory and exploratory research, and poor factor loadings) for using PLS-PM over CB-SEM in management research. We concluded that the researchers should respect these methods and justify their use when conducting the research projects because some of the projects might be better for CB-SEM or PLS-PM.

Beyond lurking and posting: segmenting the members of a brand community on the basis of engagement, attitudes and identification

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Haverila ◽  
Caitlin McLaughlin ◽  
Kai C. Haverila ◽  
Mehak Arora
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Communities

Purpose Brand communities are an increasingly important way for brands to interact with their customers, as they give brands an opportunity to learn from and interact with people with a demonstrated interest in the brand. Literature has explored the difference between lurkers and posters within these brand communities. However, there are other ways to segment members, just as there are many ways to segment customers of products and services – and this paper aims to be a step toward going beyond simple lurking vs posting behavior as a means of differentiating community members. As such, the purpose of this paper is to segment brand communities based on not only their participation behavior but also their identification with the brand community, loyalty and benefits gained from membership. Design/methodology/approach This study used a cross-sectional survey of members of various brand communities in North America. Partial least squares structural equation modeling together with finite mixture partial least squares and prediction-oriented segmentation was used to discover the distinct segments of brand community members. Findings The findings indicate that there are two distinct segments that behave differently regarding their behavior, attitudes and motives. Segment one has a stronger relationship between identification and other outcomes and is also more motivated by social enhancement than segment two. Thus, it is clear that brand community members can be segmented and served based on more than their posting behavior. Originality/value The members of brand communities have often been thought of as homogeneous. This paper is unique in identifying heterogeneity among the members of the brand community and demonstrates the need for brand community managers to identify these differences and manage the brand community accordingly.

Methodological research on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar F. Khan ◽  
Marko Sarstedt ◽  
Wen-Lung Shiau ◽  
Joseph F. Hair ◽  
Christian M. Ringle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Methodological Research

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the knowledge infrastructure of methodological research on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) from a network point of view. The analysis involves the structures of authors, institutions, countries and co-citation networks, and discloses trending developments in the field. Design/methodology/approach Based on bibliometric data downloaded from the Web of Science, the authors apply various social network analysis (SNA) and visualization tools to examine the structure of knowledge networks of the PLS-SEM domain. Specifically, the authors investigate the PLS-SEM knowledge network by analyzing 84 methodological studies published in 39 journals by 145 authors from 106 institutions. Findings The analysis reveals that specific authors dominate the network, whereas most authors work in isolated groups, loosely connected to the network’s focal authors. Besides presenting the results of a country level analysis, the research also identifies journals that play a key role in disseminating knowledge in the network. Finally, a burst detection analysis indicates that method comparisons and extensions, for example, to estimate common factor model data or to leverage PLS-SEM’s predictive capabilities, feature prominently in recent research. Originality/value Addressing the limitations of prior systematic literature reviews on the PLS-SEM method, this is the first study to apply SNA to reveal the interrelated structures and properties of PLS-SEM’s research domain.

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