Bridging planned conservation and community empowerment: Portuguese case studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Cunha Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Ecological Resources

Purpose In the present-day context of a sharp decrease in economic and ecological resources, planned conservation and community empowerment are key strategies for sustainable heritage management, because of their cost effectiveness, increased preservation of authenticity and socially development. However, there are still very few practical implementations, so the purpose of this paper is to present applied research to real case studies, as well as to demonstrate that preventive-planned conservation is increasingly successful when linked with the empowerment of local communities and users. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes a methodology that focuses on two complementary aspects: planned conservation (material component) – undertaken directly on buildings, through inspection, monitoring, maintenance and repair activities; community empowerment (intangible component) – afforded indirectly to users, through participatory strategies and training in prevention, maintenance and use. Findings Based on an estimation of costs, this paper suggests that preventive-planned conservation strategies (pre-damage) can be one-third cheaper than the reactive and interventionist approach (post-damage). Moreover, this study also develops innovative ICT tools for the planned conservation of the built heritage, namely a specifically designed computer software/App (“MPlan”) that can be used to compile maintenance plans. Originality/value The case studies are among the first applications of preventive-planned conservation strategies to the built heritage in Portugal. Different types of case studies are provided to better illustrate the methodological approach adopted and the results obtained. Special attention is given to the Romanesque Route, a cultural itinerary with 58 monuments (monasteries, churches, bridges, towers and a castle). illustrated manuals contribute to the empowerment of local communities and users.

scholarly journals Underground Built Heritage as catalyser for Community Valorisation. Underground4value

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pace ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This paper is about how framing an innovative approach for community empowerment by organising networks and consortia for preparing proposals in different research programme frameworks. In the beginning, there was as study for classifying underground spaces and using them as a solution for a sustainable over ground urban development. By advancing in the proposals preparation, the team developed a completely different vision. The underground space was more and more seen as a place for building local identity and sense of belonging, progressing from a functional to a cultural value, from a site conservation to a community valorisation approach, by giving centrality to the people and their needs. As first step, the project faced the challenge of regenerating urban areas by realising Underground Built Heritage potential for local communities and experimenting a methodological approach on sustainability transition. Just like a story, the paper describes the evolution of the approaches, and the implementation of the activities, also if unsuccessful in the competition. The consortium grew and matured, a network based on strong analysis and revision, whose members developed an impressive social capital and learned by any failure. Piece by piece, this network was able to achieve the success, and to start a COST Action, the CA 18110 “Underground Built Heritage as catalyser for Community Valorisation”. The Action, funded for establishing and implementing an expert network, promotes balanced and sustainable approaches to preserve the Underground Built Heritage (UBH) and, at the same time, to realise the potential of the underground space in urban and rural areas for regeneration policies. The paper finally explains how a wellmotivated group of people can transform a network activity, with a little budget, in a research and on field project and how such a network can provide innovative tools for engaging and empowering local communities.

scholarly journals Architect and craftsperson: project perceptions, relationships and craft

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathan Djabarouti ◽  
Christopher O'Flaherty
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Effective Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Project Outcome

PurposeArchitects and craftspeople work together on complicated built heritage projects as part of a diverse multidisciplinary team. Effective interactions and collaborations between them can lead to a more successful project outcome; however, differing perceptions of each other can cause professional relationship tensions, communicative barriers and disharmony.Design/methodology/approachThrough the analysis of online surveys completed by architects and craftspeople, this study examines the contemporary relationship between the two groups, including the architect's perceptions of the function of traditional building craft within their day-to-day role.FindingsFindings suggest that whilst both groups agree that the craftsperson is an essential specialist on a built heritage scheme, there are contradictory perceptions with regard to the architect's role. Despite these differences, the results suggest that architects are open to accommodating more exposure to craftspeople and traditional building craft within their day-to-day role – believing they would learn more about building materials, make better practical decisions and understand craftspeople better. More importantly, this study proposes that a focus on craft would break down communicative and perceptual barriers, in turn improving relationships and project outcomes.Originality/valueThe study strongly suggests that traditional building craft can form an essential, tangible bond between architects and craftspeople by increasing focus on relationships and learning. The insights offered are relevant not only to those in the fields of architecture and traditional building craft but also to those involved in heritage management, as well as other professional roles, who may benefit from the use of craft as a method to repair professional relationships, as well as historic buildings.

Authenticity in cultural built heritage: learning from Chinese Indonesians’ houses

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Asmarani Februandari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Life Story Interview ◽  
Interview Participant ◽  
Inclusive Society

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore authenticity conception of cultural built heritage. As a core of heritage management, authenticity is often seen as a validation of certain identity. In the cultural built heritage context, authenticity is vital for the community, particularly the ethnic minority community, because it can be viewed as a tool to tackle discrimination and misrecognition issues. Design/methodology/approach This research was conducted in two Indonesian Chinatowns, namely, Lasem and Semarang Chinatowns. An ethnography method was employed to address the research aim. Four techniques to carry out data collection were used in this research; they were life story interview, participant observation, documentary research and physical observation through house tour. Two theories were used to analyse the data, and they were Technologies of the Self from Foucault and Habitus from Bourdieu. Findings Result shows that authenticity conception in cultural built heritage is not fixed because it lies on the immaterial aspect (the community’s cultural values) that is continuously reinvented. This research also reveals that the immaterial aspect of cultural built heritage, the community’s cultural values, becomes the core of the conception of authenticity. These cultural values become the foundation for the community to create their cultural built environment. Social implications This research brings an important perspective on authenticity to be applied in heritage management. Interestingly, by adopting this perspective, heritage management could become a tool to create an inclusive society. Originality/value This research offers a unique perspective on heritage authenticity, which was constructed through sociological and materiality approach.

Conservation planning of built heritages of Old Dhaka, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdous Farhana Huq ◽  
Rabeya Akter ◽  
Roxana Hafiz ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Mashrekur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
The Way

Purpose Built heritage is a unique resource, an irreplaceable expression of the richness and diversity of our past and of the generations who have gone before us. Old Dhaka has an outstanding built heritage that is of significance not only in the local, but also in a national and regional context. But senseless urbanization and ignorance of such an important issue in the existing detailed area plan is destroying the built heritages of Dhaka. As a result, many heritage buildings of Dhaka have been destroyed and the destruction is going on unabated. Therefore, there is a need to re-examine how such destruction can be prevented. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This research aims at the identification of heritages, their assessment and classification which is utterly significant for preserving the invaluable heritages. Heritages are classified according to their present condition which will show which type of heritage needs which type of attention. Findings The research indicates the way how a conservation planning for heritages can be done in a systematic and logical way. It reveals the present condition of the heritage buildings which will point out the way of preservation. There is no such document available which will tell general people about the most important or rare or significant heritages, the location of these heritages, or their background information. This research addresses these all issues. Originality/value To date, no conservation plans were implemented for Dhaka and there are no attempts to improve Old Dhaka through an urban design. The methodological approach in this research is new and effective for conserving heritages.

Stonemasonry skills development: two case studies of historic buildings in Scotland

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott McGibbon ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Industry Experience

Purpose – Scotland’s built heritage (pre-1919 building stock) is exhibiting varying levels of disrepair, in particular for stonemasonry works, despite the government’s on-going efforts for promoting higher standards of repair and maintenance (R & M) of historic buildings. The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems associated with the R & M of historic buildings. Design/methodology/approach – Two case studies (Projects A and B) exhibiting critical disrepair are reported. Site surveying was carried-out on both projects, to identify site features and R & M problems along with proposed solutions drawing on the lead author’s extensive industry experience as a stonemasonry consultant. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals involved in each project to elicit views on the challenges faced. Additionally, three industry experts were interviewed to provide a wider perspective of the R & M challenges facing historic buildings. Findings – Neglect and poor practice resulted in both projects becoming more challenging and expensive than they needed to be, which was attributed to generic and advanced skills 6deficiencies of the workforce. There is an urgent need for a multi-disciplinary approach to the development of a method statement for R & M, drawing on the expertise of professionals and contractors, particularly when specifying repairs to structural elements. Originality/value – This paper has provided original and valuable information on R & M problems, highlighting the importance of continued investment in skills development for historic building R & M to enhance existing current training provision and practice. There is a need for further similar project-based data to inform skills development strategies for the R & M of historic buildings as well as enhancing existing qualification frameworks.

scholarly journals Interpreting and presenting marginalized voices through intersubjective accounts

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Unique Approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a unique approach to accessing, interpreting, and presenting issues concerning the lives of social science research participants. It particularly focuses on accessing those considered to be economically, socially, or politically marginalized and where there is reliance upon intersubjective accounts in two languages. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual and empirical material referred to in this paper is drawn from the author’s doctoral research of a Fair Trade case study in Malawi. The approach presented is influenced by concepts derived from postcolonial theory, grounded theory, and intersubjectivity. Findings – For the community empowerment research focus it was important to provide space to capture voices of all participants, accounting for the hierarchical socio-political context in which people were embedded. This required the use of interpreters, introducing challenges related to intersubjectivity such as recognizing and accounting for positionalities and impressions of multiple parties collaborating in the process of collecting and interpreting qualitative research material. Practical implications – Investing in trained and engaged interpreters, using pilot interviews, including participants’ data in the field research design process, and capturing marginalized voices helps a researcher to mitigate challenges related to bias and power relations. Originality/value – Recognizing inherent shortcomings related to interpreter-facilitated research and power relations, the framework presented provides a reflective and practical methodological approach for qualitative researchers.

Applying the MOA (motivation-opportunity-ability) model for the evaluation of residents' participation in built heritage rehabilitation: the case of Constantine

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Benedjma ◽  
Aissa Mahimoud
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Local Decision

PurposeIt has been widely recognised that the participation of residents is a significant issue in contemporary urban heritage conservation. However, studies confirm that the reasons behind residents' engagement are still difficult to assess, particularly in emerging countries. This paper aims to evaluate the factors that incite or prevent residents from participating in built heritage rehabilitation in the old city of Constantine, by applying the motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) model.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire-based survey was used to collect information from the residents. The collected data were then analysed using the structural equation model (SEM).FindingsThe findings show that the most significant factors affecting residents' participation were related to their motivations and abilities. Interestingly, factors related to the opportunities did not influence participation. Thus, autonomous rehabilitation according to the residents' motivation and abilities is more likely to be adopted.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings are limited to the selected sample, and some variables have been eliminated through the SEM analysis.Originality/valueHowever, as a first attempt to study residents' participation in built heritage rehabilitation in Constantine, the paper proposes a different perspective for assessing participation by considering its means and ends simultaneously. The paper also provides guidance to local decision-makers to improve the legal framework by implementing factors that encourage residents' involvement in sustainable heritage management.

A criminologically informed examination of looting behaviour during natural disaster incidents

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Gaherity ◽  
Philip Birch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine looting behaviour during natural disaster incidents. As a consequence, this study considers looting in the context of two case studies: a Tsunami and a Bushfire. The study offers an exploration into the types of and motivations for looting, as well as reflecting on prevention measures. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach of a rapid evidence assessment (REA) is used to examine looting behaviour within the context of two natural disaster incidents, drawing on a thematic analysis, as outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006) to support the presentation of findings. Findings The findings of the REA yield three themes. The first theme, Theme 1, focuses on the types of offenders – looters, while Theme 2 focuses on the motivations for offending behaviour – looting. The final theme, Theme 3, presents crime prevention responses: looters and looting. Each theme is further illustrated through a number of sub-themes, and while the two case studies centre on two distinct natural disaster incidents, there are similarities that exist between them offering insights for why looting occurs and consequently how to respond to looting. Research limitations/implications Previous research has recognised how incidents such as bushfires enable and create opportunity for looting behaviour. Yet, arguably, little has been achieved in successfully preventing such behaviour. This study offers evidence for why looting occurs during natural disaster incidents and considers the prevention measures that can lead to a reduction in this offending into the future. The need for more detailed and primary research into looting during natural disaster incidents is a research implication engendered by the current study. Practical implications This study considers crime prevention approaches in the form of situational crime prevention and social development crime prevention that have direct relevance on crime prevention policy and practice. The practical implications are worthy of attention from law enforcement agencies and other first/emergency responders. Social implications This study seeks to offer evidence for policy and practice initiatives that can increase public safety and reduce further threats to community safety during natural disaster incidents. Originality/value After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, a concerted effort for swifter and more effective responses to emergency management incidents has occurred. However, the focus of such responses has typically overlooked looting during natural disaster incidents. This study goes some way in addressing that gap in the literature and connects the current scientific knowledge to prevention strategies, informing future policy and practice responses to addressing looting during such incidents. This study provides a stimuli for further research into looters, looting and natural disaster incidents.

Successful school leadership for social justice in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Moral Santaella
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Leadership Identity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leadership For Social Justice ◽  
School Principalship ◽  
Successful School ◽  
Successful Principals

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to present the results obtained from the investigations that have been carried out within the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP) project in the Spanish for social justice.Design/methodology/approachTwelve case studies have been carried out within the three lines of research proposed by ISSPP: successful principals, underperforming principals and principal leadership identity. All but one school were in challenging contexts. The methodological approach followed is based on multiple perspective case studies using a mixture of qualitative methods (interviews, focus groups and observations).FindingsResults show that successful principals not only believe in social justice through simple empathy with the concept of social justice, but also use strategies that combine transformational and instructional leadership processes and manage to reverse the bad situation of their disadvantaged schools, seeking excellence from equity. The leadership identity of successful principals is characterized to look to the future with hope, adopting a realistic utopian attitude to interpret their surrounding reality.Originality/valueFrom the case studies carried out, valuable information is obtained, which helps to understand the possibilities of implementing the ISSPP successful school leadership model in heterogeneous and disadvantaged context for equity and social justice.

Preventing supplier non-conformance: extending the agency theory perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-340
Author(s):  
Anton Shevchenko ◽  
Mark Pagell ◽  
Moren Lévesque ◽  
David Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Qualitative Case Studies ◽  
Effective Path

PurposeThe supply chain management literature and agency theory suggest that preventing supplier non-conformance—a supplier's failure to conform to the requirements of the buyer—requires monitoring supplier behavior. However, case studies collected to explore how buyers monitored suppliers revealed an unexpected empirical phenomenon. Some buyers believed they could prevent non-conformance by either trusting their suppliers or relying on a third party, without monitoring their behavior. The purpose of this article is to examine conditions when buyers should monitor supplier behavior to prevent non-conformance.Design/methodology/approachThis article employs a mixed-method design by formulating an agent-based simulation grounded in the case-study findings and agency theory to reconcile observed unexpected behaviors with scholarly suggestions.FindingsThe simulation results indicate that buyers facing severe consequences from non-conformance should opt to monitor supplier behavior. Sourcing from trusted suppliers should only be reserved for buyers that lack competence and have a small number of carefully selected suppliers. Moreover, buyers facing minor consequences from non-conformance should generally favor sourcing from trusted suppliers over monitoring their behavior. The results also suggest that having a third-party involved in monitoring suppliers is an effective path to preventing non-conformance.Originality/valueBy combining a simulation with qualitative case studies, this article examines whether buyers were making appropriate decisions, thereby offering contributions to theory and practice that would not have been possible using either methodological approach alone.

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