God in the marketplace: Pentecostalism and marketing ritualization among Black Africans in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-372
Author(s):  
Sanya Ojo ◽  
Sonny Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black African ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose This paper aims to examine market-mediated transformative capacities of Black African Pentecostalism. It does this by exploring the interface between religion, culture and identity to generate a fresh interpretation of how marketing is ritualized among UK’s Black Africans on the platform of Pentecostalism. Design/methodology/approach Methodology is based on in-depth interviews with respondents drawn from the African Pentecostal movements in London, UK. This paper shows how adherents’ responsiveness to Pentecostal dogmas generated market advantages. Findings The paper reveals the interconnectedness of religion, faith and culture which, in turn, coalesced into a dense network that defines the reproduction, organization and approach to entrepreneurial marketing. Originality/value Pentecostal practices unveil the marketing notion of “Pentepreneurship”, which combines both spiritual and enterprise activities to formulate a fused space of engagement straddling the sacred and the secular. This fusion points to a unique platform of entrepreneurial marketing that bestrides ethno-cultural, religious and economic identities.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial marketing in online businesses

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Anwar ◽  
Elizabeth Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Minority Entrepreneurs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the marketing of online businesses operated by ethnic minority entrepreneurs. The authors apply an entrepreneurial marketing lens to explore how such entrepreneurs draw on the resources to market their businesses. They also consider whether online businesses offer such entrepreneurs the opportunity to break out of the highly competitive sectors with which they are traditionally associated. Design/methodology/approach Key informant interviews are undertaken with 22 entrepreneurs operating online businesses in the UK and augmented by complementary sources of data such as their websites and press coverage. Findings Use of an entrepreneurial marketing perspective demonstrates that marketing in such businesses is not haphazard or chaotic. Rather it reflects the emergent and flexible use of resources. The affordances of online businesses appear to offer opportunities for break out, but the reliance on incremental experimentation and copying others results in highly homogeneous approaches to marketing. The authors also provide empirical evidence of the link between visa status and entrepreneurial choices. Originality/value Despite the popularity of online businesses, previous studies have not explored them as an opportunity for ethnic minority entrepreneurs. This study moves the consideration of break out from market-entry to the ongoing marketing activities that sustain a business. It also demonstrates how the domains of ethnic minority entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial marketing can be brought together via a focus on resources. Finally, it enriches entrepreneurial marketing by evidencing connections with notions of effectuation and entrepreneur-venture fit.

Walking on the light side

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Krisjanous ◽  
Janet Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Data Analysis Procedure ◽  
Light Side ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Ghost tours are an important part of tourism in many towns and cities around the world. Described as light dark tourism, they are a mix of the macabre and entertainment. Ghost tours are usually small business enterprises. In order for their venture to be sustainable, ghost tour operators must engage in effective entrepreneurial marketing (EM) practices. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which ghost tour operators use EM within their business. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative bricolage approach is used as a way to explore the use of EM practices within ghost tourism; that is, a niche tourism product. Data were collected using 21 in-depth interviews, participant observation and analysis of venture websites. This study used a two-stage data analysis procedure. Findings Findings reveal that ghost tour operators practice several dimensions of EM that are often simultaneously present and interwoven through the practices ghost tour operators use, as identified by thematic analysis. Originality/value This study adds an EM lens to the light dark tourism literature.

Financing universities through waqf, pious endowment: is it possible?

Humanomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Mashitoh Mahamood ◽  
Asmak Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Academic Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Financing Higher Education ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of waqf in financing higher education. Nowadays, higher education is costly and this has prevented students, especially those who are self-financed, from accessing such learning environments. This paper offer an alternative solution to relieve such a situation, namely, through the application of an endowment-based or waqf educational institution. The study suggests a way to establish an endowment university by concentrating the discussion on the concept and principles of its establishment, as well as sharing the experiences of the Malaysian waqf universities and the Turkish Foundation Universities/Vakif Üniversitesi in financing their universities using waqf, i.e. a pious endowment instrument. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data were mainly collected using in-depth interviews with the universities’ higher management authorities and some of the members of the board of trustees. Findings – The findings show that the role of waqf or pious endowment is significant in providing financial assistance to their communities as well as strengthening their academic quality. In addition, tawhidic epistemology together with morality and ethics have influenced waqf donors or founders to donate their wealth and property to enrich and sustain universities and higher education. Originality/value – This article provides the experiences of the Malaysian Waqf Universities and the Turkish Foundation Universities/Vakif Üniversitesi in financing their universities using waqf. It also contains some good examples from the experience of several earlier Islamic civilizations, in particular those of the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. In addition, examples of the implementation of waqf and endowment-based universities in the UK and USA as well as the Al-Azhar University of Egypt is also included.

scholarly journals Hedonism and luxury fashion consumption among Black African women in the UK: an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana Mbang Emmanuel-Stephen ◽  
Ayantunji Gbadamosi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
African Women ◽  
Luxury Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black African ◽  
Brand Relationship ◽  
Luxury Products ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeAlthough consumption is a universal phenomenon, it is characterised with considerable degree of diversity in relation to various factors such as culture, age, gender, ethnicity and many others. Accordingly, more often than not, these factors underpin consumers' reactions to different market offerings including luxury products. While a plethora of scholarship efforts are evident in the extant literature in regards to luxury consumption, there is dearth of studies around how this is linked hedonism and ethnic consumers. Hence, this paper aims to fill a palpable gap in the literature by exploring the UK Black African women's taste for luxury fashion consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe study is interpretive in nature with the use of 20 in-depth interviews conducted with Black African women through the use of snowballing and purposive sampling methods.FindingsThe study shows that the respondents' motivation for luxury consumption is driven by success and evolutionary motives, belongingness, societal pressures, cultural connection, anthropomorphism, consumer brand relationship and hedonism.Originality/valueApart from the theoretical implication of the study, which revolves around extending the discourse of taste in consumption and ethnic consumer behaviour, the paper will be greatly beneficial for marketing practitioners, especially in the area of segmentation, targeting and positioning vis-à-vis the marketing of luxury products.

Black African perceptions of entrepreneurial outcomes in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanya Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black African ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose This study aims to discover how ethnic entrepreneurs actually understand the performance of their business through clarification of key indicators they use in evaluating business success and failure. Design/methodology/approach The attribution of success and failure in business was investigated through in-depth interviews, bolstered by the self-determination theory, with some UK’s Black African entrepreneurs. Findings Findings suggest that ethnic entrepreneurs’ attribution of success and failure is not only subjectively constructed but also enacted through cultural symbolism. The combination of cultural and personal values provoked attitudinal idiosyncrasy that construes business failure as success. Originality/value The result offers valuable knowledge to academics/practitioners researching success and failure factors in the ethnic entrepreneurship field.

scholarly journals Reactions to the national living wage in hospitality

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Walmsley ◽  
Shobana Partington ◽  
Rebecca Armstrong ◽  
Harold Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Employee Relations ◽  
Living Wage ◽  
Wage Bill ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore reactions to the introduction by the UK Government of the National Living Wage (NLW) in the UK hospitality sector and consider implications for the status of employee relations. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted with senior industry representatives of the hospitality sector in the UK. Findings Concerns surrounding an increase in the wage bill, in maintaining pay differentials and in shifting employment to youth were confirmed. Managers expressed ambiguity in face of the legislation, offering agreement at a personal level with the rationale underpinning the NLW, but also expressing concern about impacts on their businesses. Research limitations/implications This exploratory study offers the basis for further research in understanding the foundation of employee relations in hospitality. Social implications A reconsideration of the nature of the employment relationship is key at a time of growing concerns about the business-society relationship. Originality/value Uses reactions to the UK Government’s stipulation of a NLW to explore the basis of employee relations in the hospitality sector. This is timely where work to date in hospitality has largely focussed on symptoms but not causes of poor working conditions.

scholarly journals Marketing in SMEs: a “4Ps” self-branding model

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheilagh Mary Resnick ◽  
Ranis Cheng ◽  
Mike Simpson ◽  
Fernando Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Marketing Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Business Setting ◽  
Traditional Marketing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which traditional marketing theory and practice can be applied in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and consider how owner-managers perceive their own role in marketing within a small business setting. Design/methodology/approach –A qualitative exploratory approach using semi-structured in-depth interviews amongst owner-managers of SMEs in the UK. Findings – SME marketing is effective in that it embraces some relevant concepts of traditional marketing, tailors activities to match its customers and adds its own unique attribute of self-branding as bestowed by the SME owner-manager. Research limitations/implications – The study was limited to the UK and to a small sample of SMEs and as such the findings are not necessarily generalisable. Originality/value – A “4Ps” model for SME self-branding is proposed, which encompasses the attributes of personal branding, (co)production, perseverance and practice.

scholarly journals The chairperson and CEO roles interaction and responses to strategic tensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Morais ◽  
Andrew Kakabadse ◽  
Nada Kakabadse
Keyword(s):  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Role Boundaries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use Stewart’s model of role as a lense from which to explore chairperson and CEO role dynamics in addressing strategic paradox and tension. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on 29 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with chairpersons and CEOs of UK-listed companies. Interview data are subjected to role analysis using Stewart’s (1982) Demands-Constraints-Choice (DCC) model of role. Findings Findings indicate that relationship levels of trust, communication and chairperson time enable strategic tensions to be raised and confronted in the relationship reducing defensiveness. Two distinct approaches to handle strategic tensions are found. The CEO-led approach predominates and rests on less flexible role boundaries, requiring the chairperson to proactively identify strategic tensions and perform an advisory/mentoring role. The shared leadership approach, less prevalent, rests on highly flexible role boundaries where the skills and experience of each incumbent become more relevant, enabling the separation of efforts and integration of strategic tensions in the relationship in a “dynamic complementarity of function”. Research limitations/implications The paper only applies to the UK context and is limited to contexts where CEO and chairperson roles are separate. The paper draws on individual perceptions of chairperson and CEOs (i.e. not pairs). Practical implications The paper provides insights to practicing CEOs and chairperson on two distinct ways of working through strategic paradox and tensions. Originality/value The paper adds to the scarce literature at chairperson and CEO roles and strategic paradox and tension.

The role of facilities managers in sustainable practice in the UK and Ireland

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhai Meng
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sustainable Practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of facilities managers in sustainable practice. It also analyzes the change in facilities management (FM) in terms of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – This research adopted a combination of literature review and expert interviews. Empirical data were collected through in-depth interviews with 40 industrial experts in the UK and Ireland. Findings – The analysis of interview results shows a sustainable movement in the context of FM. Facilities managers play important roles in sustainable practice, including integrating all sustainability considerations, linking strategic level with operational level, incorporating FM knowledge and experience into design, disseminating sustainable knowledge and educating people and encouraging sustainability through innovation. Research limitations/implications – This research goes beyond the limitations of existing studies that are characterized by a lack of positioning facilities managers in sustainability. Practical implications – Sustainable delivery represents a direction of FM development. This research describes what facilities managers can do and how they should do for sustainable delivery of FM, based on which improvements are made and benefits are maximized. Originality/value – This research provides a deeper insight into the FM role in the sustainable agenda. The findings of this research help industrial practitioners and academic researchers to better understand sustainable FM.

Co-workers’ perceptions of and reactions to employee’s involuntary demotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Hennekam ◽  
Subramaniam Ananthram ◽  
Steve McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informational Justice ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Reaction ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how individuals perceive and react to the involuntary demotion of a co-worker in their organisation. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on 46 semi-structured in-depth interviews (23 dyads) with co-workers of demoted individuals. Findings The findings suggest that an individual’s observation of the demotion of a co-worker has three stages: their perception of fairness, their emotional reaction and their behavioural reaction. The perception of fairness concerned issues of distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice. The emotional responses identified were feelings of disappointment/disillusion, uncertainty, vulnerability and anger. Finally, the behavioural reactions triggered by their emotional responses included expressions of voice, loyalty, exit and adaptation. Originality/value Perceptions of (in)justice perpetrated on others stimulate emotional and behavioural responses, which impacts organisational functioning. Managers should therefore pay attention to the way a demotion is perceived, not only by those directly concerned, but also by co-workers as observers.

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