Study of REIT ETF beta

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-369
Author(s):  
Stoyu I. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Real Estate Investment Trust ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Exchange Traded Funds ◽  
Financial Instrument ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Retail Investors

Purpose The aim of this study is to examine real estate investment trust exchange-traded funds (REIT ETFs) and test for the existence of the “asymmetric beta puzzle” phenomenon in these financial instruments that are relatively new and are gaining popularity. The “asymmetric beta puzzle” phenomenon is used to identify the hedging and diversification benefits of a financial instrument. “Asymmetric beta puzzle” exists when betas in declining markets are higher than betas in advancing markets. Design/methodology/approach To study 14 REIT ETFs by using monthly and daily Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) data. Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and Fama–French three-factor model were used to estimate betas in REIT ETFs and those in advancing and declining markets. Both the S&P 500 and the CRSP value-weighted indices were used in the beta estimation. Two hypotheses with regard to betas in both advancing and declining markets were defined and tested to test for the existence of the “asymmetric beta puzzle” phenomenon. Findings This study confirms the presence of the “asymmetric beta puzzle” in the data of monthly REIT ETFs as documented by Goldstein and Nelling (1999) and Chatrath et al. (2000) for REITs; however, this phenomenon was not found when using daily data, but quite the opposite – REIT ETF betas are higher in advancing markets than they are in declining markets – was found. Originality/value Goldstein and Nelling (1999) and Chatrath et al. (2000) identify the phenomenon of “the asymmetric REIT-beta puzzle” in monthly REIT’s returns. This study revisits the phenomenon identified in the aforementioned authors’ studies by using daily data and a relatively new real estate financial instrument – REIT ETFs. Therefore, this paper fills a void in the literature and would benefit both institutional and retail investors in their portfolio designs.

scholarly journals Financial Risk and Better Returns through Smart Beta Exchange-Traded Funds?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Jordan Bowes ◽  
Marcel Ausloos
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Exchange Traded Funds ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Relative Return ◽  
Smart Beta ◽  
Do So

Smart beta exchange-traded funds (SB ETFs) have caught the attention of investors due to their supposed ability to offer a better risk–return trade-off than traditionally structured passive indices. Yet, research covering the performance of SB ETFs benchmarked to traditional cap-weighted market indices remains relatively scarce. There is a lack of empirical evidence enforcing this phenomenon. Extending the work of Glushkov (“How Smart are “Smart Beta” ETFs? …”, 2016), we provide a quantitative analysis of the performance of 145 EU-domicile SB ETFs over a 12 year period, from 30 December 2005 to 31 December 2017, belonging to 9 sub-categories. We outline which criteria were retained such that the investigated ETFs had at least 12 consecutive monthly returns data. We consider three models: the Sharpe–Lintner capital asset pricing model, the Fama–French three-factor model, and the Carhart four-factor model, discussed in the literature review sections, in order to assess the factor exposure of each fund to market, size, value, and momentum factors, according to the pertinent model. In order to do so, the sample of SB ETFs and benchmarks underwent a series of numerical assessments in order to aim at explaining both performance and risk. The measures chosen are the Annualised Total Return, the Annualised Volatility, the Annualised Sharpe Ratio, and the Annualised Relative Return (ARR). Of the sub-categories that achieved greater ARRs, only two SB categories, equal and momentum, are able to certify better risk-adjusted returns.

scholarly journals Is there any effect of ESG scores on portfolio performance? Evidence from Europe and Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Emre Zehir ◽  
Aslı Aybars
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Responsible Investment ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Three Factor

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of portfolios that are constructed based on environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores and consist of stocks located in Europe and Turkey.Design/methodology/approachIn order to form the portfolios, firstly all stocks are ranked in a descending way based on ESG-based (ESG, environmental, social and governance) scores, separately. Then, 10% of stocks with the highest scores are included in the “Top” portfolio and 10% of stocks with the lowest scores are included in “Bottom” portfolio and totally performance of eight portfolios are investigated. Finally, capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and Fama-French three-factor model are employed as performance measurement benchmarks.FindingsResults obtained from CAPM regression show that using ESG-based scores two portfolios underperform the market index. The results of the three-factor model provide that performances of Bottom ESG and Bottom GOV portfolios outperform the market excess return by 0.57% and 0.53%. The overall findings of this paper indicate that there is no relationship between socially responsible investment (SRI) and portfolio performance. These findings are in line with the efficient market hypothesis which indicates all information is reflected in prices.Originality/valueThe aim of the study is to provide insight on the question of “whether SRI has any effect on the portfolio performance”. As far as the literature review is concerned it is seen that this study provide additional insight by utilizing a longer time span together with data from numerous markets.

Performance measurement of Islamic mutual funds using DEA method

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1481-1496
Author(s):  
Abul Hassan ◽  
Abdelkader Chachi ◽  
Mahfuzur Rahman Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Skewness Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose The purpose of this study is to update the investment literature by providing latest evidence of performance of Islamic mutual funds by using global sample mutual funds data to support with empirical facts. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzes the comparative performance of Islamic and conventional mutual funds by using capital asset pricing model, Fama & French’s three-factor model and Carhart’s four-factor model. Further, the study tested the coskenwness effect by using data envelopment analysis approach. Findings The authors find evidence that when size of the funds is controlled, Islamic investment underperform the conventional mutual funds in four out of six models. The size of underperformance varies from model to model: from 32 basis points in the Carhart’s four-factor model with the skewness factor to two basis points at the Fama and French’s three-factor model. Also the study finds that alpha(s) are only insignificant for conventional mutual funds when the skewness factor is included in the regression. While comparing the loading on Islamic mutual funds, results show that Islamic mutual funds are less risky than conventional mutual funds when they are controlled for skewness. Originality/value This study uses the different factor models of performance evolution which help in overcoming weakness of measuring the Islamic mutual funds’ performance.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Kevin C.H. Chiang ◽  
◽  
Kirill Kozhevnikov ◽  
Ming-Long Lee ◽  
Craig H. Wisen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Type I ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Market Beta ◽  
Level Performance

It is well known that expected returns vary by industry (Lyon et al., 1999), and that REIT-based mimicking portfolios may capture the information in real estate investment trust (REIT) prices (Downs, 2000). This study performs REIT-based mimicking portfolio analysis. The results indicate that when the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the Fama-French (1993) three- factor model are used to evaluate the performance of a REIT portfolio, the probability for making Type I error exceeds its significance level. Performance tests are better specified when mimicking portfolios are constructed with the firms from the REIT industry. In addition, the market beta of REIT portfolios appears to converge to the market beta of the NCREIF Index when REIT-based mimicking portfolios are included into the specification. The result is consistent with the notion that there is a strong linkage between REIT returns and the underlying real estate factor (Ziering et al., 1997).

Fewer reasons to sin: a five-factor investigation of vice stock returns

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1016-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Richey
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the return performance of a portfolio of US “vice stocks,” firms that manufacture and sell products such as alcohol, tobacco, gaming services, national defense and firearms, adult entertainment, and payday lenders. Design/methodology/approach Using daily return data from a portfolio of vice stocks over the period 1987-2016, the author computes the Jensen’s α (capital asset pricing model (CAPM)), Fama-French Three-Factor, Carhart Four-Factor, and Fama-French Five-Factor results for the complete portfolio, and each vice industry individually. Findings The results from the CAPM, Fama-French Three-Factor Model, and the Carhart Four-Factor Model show a positive and significant α for the vice portfolio throughout the sample period. However, the α’s significance disappears with the addition of the explanatory variables from the Fama-French Five-Factor Model. Originality/value The author provides academics and practitioners with results from a new model. As of this writing, the author is unaware of any articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals that investigate vice stocks within the framework of the Fama-French Five-Factor Model (2015). First, the existing literature does not shed light on the relationship between “profitability” and “aggressiveness” (the fourth and fifth factors of the Fama-French Model) and vice stock returns. Second, within the framework of the Fama-French Five-Factor Model, the author shows results not only from a portfolio of vice stocks, but from various vice industries as well.

Four-moment CAPM Model: Evidence from the Indian Stock Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S137-S166
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Misra ◽  
Sushma Vishnani ◽  
Ankit Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Model Evidence ◽  
Fama And French ◽  
Capm Model ◽  
Indian Stock Market ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at analysing the impact of co-skewness and co-kurtosis on the returns of the Indian stocks by incorporating co-skewness and co-kurtosis in the traditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM) of Sharpe, in a three-factor model of Fama and French and in a four-factor model of Carhart. The results of the study show that co-skewness and co-kurtosis have significant impact on the returns of the Indian stock. However, the impact of co-skewness is higher than co-kurtosis. JEL Classification: G11, G12

Undivided Real Estate Shares: Appraisal and Interactions with Capital Markets

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 2522-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo del Giudice ◽  
Pierfrancesco de Paola
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Penalized Spline ◽  
Semiparametric Method ◽  
Risk Valuation

The appraisal of undivided and indivisible real estate shares represents a recurring and underestimated issue by professional appraisers. This problem requires a logical solution considering that the undivided real estate shares are more difficult to sell and, consequently, there is a decrease of their market value. It follows that issue can be referred, in theoretical and practical terms, to the real estate investment risk valuation and on how to convert this risk into an expected rate that can compensate it. In this paper theCapital Asset Pricing Modelhas been integrated withPenalized Spline Semiparametric Methodin order to obtain an algorithm that allows to rationalize the appraisal of undivided real estate shares using easily accessible data.

scholarly journals Responsible or Thematic? The True Nature of Sustainability-Themed Mutual Funds

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Ielasi ◽  
Monica Rossolini
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Capital Asset Pricing ◽  
Pricing Model ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Fama And French ◽  
Better Than

The aim of the paper is to compare the risk-adjusted performance of sustainability-themed funds with other categories of mutual funds: sustainable and responsible mutual funds that implement different approaches in portfolio selection and management, and thematic funds not committed to responsible investments. The study analyses a sample of about 1000 European mutual open-end funds where 302 are sustainability-themed funds, 358 are other responsible funds, and 341 other thematic funds. Risk-adjusted performance is analyzed for the period 2007–2017 using different methodologies: a single factor Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), a Fama and French (1993) 3-factor model, and a Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model. Our main findings demonstrate that the risk-adjusted performance of ST funds is more closely related to their responsible nature than to their thematic approach. Sustainability-themed mutual funds are more similar to other socially responsible funds than to other thematic funds, as confirmed by performance analysis over time. They are also better than other thematic funds in overcoming financially turbulent periods and currently benefit from SRI regulation and disclosure.

Evaluating alternative performance benchmarks for Indian mutual fund industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sehgal ◽  
Sonal Babbar
Keyword(s):  
Asset Pricing ◽  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Pricing Model ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Asset Pricing Models ◽  
Performance Benchmarks ◽  
Fama And French

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perform a relative assessment of performance benchmarks based on alternative asset pricing models to evaluate performance of mutual funds and suggest the best approach in Indian context. Design/methodology/approach Sample of 237 open-ended Indian equity (growth) schemes from April 2003 to March 2013 is used. Both unconditional and conditional versions of eight performance models are employed, namely, Jensen (1968) measure, three-moment asset pricing model, four-moment asset pricing model, Fama and French (1993) three-factor model, Carhart (1997) four-factor model, Elton et al. (1999) five-index model, Fama and French (2015) five-factor model and firm quality five-factor model. Findings Conditional version of Carhart (1997) model is found to be the most appropriate performance benchmark in the Indian context. Success of conditional models over unconditional models highlights that fund managers dynamically manage their portfolios. Practical implications A significant α generated over and above the return estimated using Carhart’s (1997) model reflects true stock-picking skills of fund managers and it is, therefore, worth paying an active management fee. Stock exchanges and credit rating agencies in India should construct indices incorporating size, value and momentum factors to be used for purpose of benchmarking. Originality/value The study adds new evidence as to applicability of established asset pricing models as performance benchmarks in emerging market India. It examines role of higher order moments in explaining mutual fund returns which is an under researched area.

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