Do employees actually intend to turnover when betrayed? Evidence from China and the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Shan Xu ◽  
Yanling Wang ◽  
Jiafei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contract Violation

PurposeThe main purpose of present study is to investigate how familial collectivism and gender affect the psychological contract violation–turnover intention relationship by comparing Chinese with American samples.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 688 and 892 full-time workers were recruited, respectively, from China and the USA to form the two samples. Then, three-way interaction regression models were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that familial collectivism will negatively moderate the psychological contract violation–turnover intention relationship in the Chinese sample and positively moderate their relationship in the American sample. Moreover, the moderating effect of familial collectivism on the relationship between psychological contract violation and turnover intention is significant among the male employees and insignificant among the female employees for Chinese sample. Whereas for the American sample, the moderating effects are significant among both the male and the female employees.Originality/valueThis study improves the theoretical model of Turnley and Feldman (1999) by examining the moderating effect of familial collectivism and gender differences on the relationship between psychological contract violation and turnover intention. And two samples (China vs the USA) are used in the study, which helps to explain the possible difference in influencing the relationship between psychological contract violation and turnover intention between two nations. The main practical implication for managers is that organizations should recognize the importance of the gender role and individuals’ culture orientation when implementing different human resource management policies.

Psychological contract violation and turnover intention: the role of job dissatisfaction and work disengagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1291-1308
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Azeem ◽  
Sami Ullah Bajwa ◽  
Khuram Shahzad ◽  
Haris Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Employee Turnover ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Job Dissatisfaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
Employee Turnover Intention ◽  
Contract Violation

PurposeThis paper investigates the role of psychological contract violation (PCV) as the antecedent of employee turnover intention. It also explores the role of job dissatisfaction and work disengagement as the sequential underlying mechanism of a positive effect of PCV on employee turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on social exchange theory (SET), the authors postulate that PCV triggers negative reciprocity behaviour in employees, which leads to job dissatisfaction and work disengagement, which in turn develop into turnover intentions. The authors tested the research model on time-lagged data from 200 managers working in the banking sector of Pakistan.FindingsThe findings confirmed the hypothesis that employees experiencing PCV raise their turnover intentions because of a feeling of organisational betrayal which makes them dissatisfied and detached from their work.Originality/valueThis research advances the body of knowledge in the area of psychological contracts by identifying the mechanisms through which PCVs translate into employee turnover intentions.

The effects of social responsibility and hypocrisy on the relationship among psychological contract violation, trust and perceived betrayal

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-261
Author(s):  
Chen Hai-Ming ◽  
Lan Li-Chi ◽  
Chiu Tao-Sheng ◽  
Fang Chen-Ling
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contract Violation

Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of corporate social responsibility and hypocrisy on the relationship among psychological contract violation, trust and perceived betrayal. Design/methodology/approach This study used purposive sampling and selected students in Taiwan as the research participants. The theory of psychological contract violation and consumer awareness process in violation hypocrisy on psychological contract violation were used to investigate the effect of its impact on trust and perceived betrayal. Then, the moderating effect of social responsibility and hypocritical on trust, and the mediating effect of trust between psychological contract violation and perceived betrayal were analyzed. Findings The results indicated that hypocrisy had a significant and negative impact on psychological contract violation toward trust; hypocrisy had a significantly positive impact on psychological contract violation toward perceived betrayal; trust had a significantly negative impact on perceived betrayal; perceived betrayal had a significantly positive impact on both direct and indirect revenges; trust had a mediating effect between hypocrisy toward psychological contract violation and perceived betrayal; and higher hypocrisy would produce a stronger effect through trust on the relationships between hypocrisy toward psychological contract violation and perceived betrayal. Originality/value Perception of consumers would differ whenever there were failures of service recovery occurred; especially, stronger betrayal feeling would be perceived with the companies who emphasized social responsibility and did not carry out what they should do. Research results could be references for companies whom advertising and praising social responsibility.

Similar or different? When Cross-Strait employees face psychological contract violations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsing Lee ◽  
Chien-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
Psychological Contract Violations ◽  
Contract Violation

Purpose Though there are still political turbulences, the economic cooperation between mainland China and Taiwan is inseparable. Cooperation between enterprises on both sides has become more frequent. Studying the similarities and differences between employees in Cross-Strait enterprises can contribute to human resource management. This paper aims to study the cultural difference between employees of mainland China and in Taiwan when facing psychological contract violations. Design/methodology/approach A total of 811 valid sample questionnaires were taken from Cross-Strait private enterprise employees. This research adopted partial least squares-structural equation model statistical analysis as an empirical research evaluation. Findings This study finds that psychological contract violation has a significant positive impact on turnover intention and a significant negative impact on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the Chinese context. There exist cultural differences between the employees of mainland China and Taiwan. When facing psychological contract violation, it is found that employees from Taiwan are more likely to have a strong turnover intention but still keep higher job performance. Employees from mainland China are found to be more likely to have higher OCB. Originality/value The originality of this research lies in establishing a stronger theoretical model to understand employee behavior. This paper verifies the validity of this model under the Chinese context. Moreover, this paper verifies the cultural difference between Cross-Strait employees.

Psychological contract violation and turnover intention: do cultural values matter?

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasidah Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of cultural value orientations (mastery and subjugation) in moderating the relationship between psychological contract violation (PCV) and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach – A longitudinal survey method was used to collect data from downsizing survivors in two phases. The final sample was 281 cases. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression models were used to test the hypotheses. Findings – PCV is positively related to turnover intention, and the relationship is moderated by cultural value orientations. Specifically, the relationship is stronger among downsizing survivors with a high level of subjugation orientation (SO) and/or a low level of mastery orientation (MO) in comparison with downsizing survivors with a low level of SO and/or a high level of MO. Research limitations/implications – The contribution of the study lies in the utility of examining culture at an individual level of analysis in relation to PC and downsizing research. Despite a generic human functioning model, some subtle cultural influences exist affecting the processes within the model. The negative reactions to downsizing are not simply a function of situational factors, but also reflect individual differences in cultural value orientations. Originality/value – The study addresses the need to examine the role of cultural value orientations in influencing the relationship between PCV, and employee behaviors. Such an examination is important because cultural differences may result in unique interpretations and reactions to PCV.

Abusive supervision and knowledge hiding: the mediating role of psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajeet Pradhan ◽  
Aman Srivastava ◽  
Dharmesh K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
It Employees ◽  
Knowledge Hiding ◽  
Contract Violation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between abusive supervision and employee’s knowledge hiding behaviour among Indian information technology (IT) employees. The paper also strives to theoretically discuss and then seek empirical evidence to the two mediational paths (namely, psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression) that explain the focal relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge hiding. Design/methodology/approach To test the proposed hypotheses, the study draws cross-sectional data from Indian IT employees working in various IT firms in India. Data were collected at two time points (T1 and T2) separated by one month to counter the priming effect and neutralize any threat of common method bias. The final sample of 270 valid and complete responses was analysed using SmartPLS 3 to test the hypotheses. Findings Results showed that abusive supervision is positively related to employee’s knowledge hiding behaviours. Also, both psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression partially mediates the abusive supervision-knowledge hiding behaviour linkage. Originality/value First, the current study has tested the positive relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge hiding behaviours unlike most of the previous investigations that have focussed on knowledge sharing behaviour (the two are different constructs having different antecedents). Second, the study also empirically investigated the two parallel mediational routes, namely, psychological contract violation and supervisor directed aggression that explains the blame attributed by the beleaguered employee that led to covert retaliatory behaviour, such as knowledge hiding.

Walking the talk

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-677
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Scheetz ◽  
Timothy J. Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Psychological Contracts ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unethical Conduct ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
Psychological Contract Violations ◽  
Reporting Intentions ◽  
Contract Violation

Purpose Based on exchange theory and the generalized norm of reciprocity, psychological contracts perceived by employees are believed to have dysfunctional consequences for organizations if breached. This paper aims to study the willingness of employees to report fraud, as such is an important aspect of internal control for organizations. Design/methodology/approach A 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment was conducted in which 99 participants with diverse accounting backgrounds were first asked questions about their preconceived beliefs (psychological contract) regarding how reports of unethical conduct would be managed, and their reaction if these beliefs were broken (psychological contract violation). Participants were given a hypothetical situation of fraud and then asked to indicate their likelihood of reporting fraud to a supervisor. Findings The main hypotheses are that employees will be less likely to report fraud when the organization fails to signal the presence of a positive ethical environment or when management reacts weakly to previous reports of unethical activity. The data and findings support these hypotheses. Additional testing also reveals that a psychological contract violation mediates the relationship between the outcome of previous reports and the intention to report fraud. Research limitations/implications As with any experimental study, this study’s results come with limitations. Reading an overly simplistic scenario that omits real world details and providing intention to report is very different from actually reporting fraud in one’s own place of employment. Therefore, reporting intentions may vary from actual reporting behavior. Further, reporting motivation (self-defense, altruism, etc.) and concern over retaliation are not measured. Practical implications Employees have expectations surrounding ethical corporate environments. Psychological contract violations occur as a result of broken expectations and are common in the workforce. In this study, a breakdown in the internal control environment because of a poor ethical culture, caused an even greater breakdown in internal controls because of employees’ decreased reporting intentions. Social implications Psychological contract violations impact employees’ intention to report fraud. These violations need to be understood so that additional measures and safeguards can be instituted when employees are not acting as a fraud defense or detection mechanism. During such times when there is a breakdown in this type of internal control (that is, when employees might be hesitant to report fraud), extra safeguards against fraud, additional procedures to detect fraud, and enhanced employee training encouraging reporting of suspected unethical conduct, become even more important. Originality/value Strong experimental methods provide a rigorous way to evaluate a problem of our day: job insecurity caused by rampant organizational turbulence. The hidden cost is expressed in terms of how less can be expected of employees as a first line of defense against fraud.

The effect of nepotism on tolerance to workplace incivility: mediating role of psychological contract violation and moderating role of authentic leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Evrim arici ◽  
Huseyin Arasli ◽  
Nagihan Cakmakoglu Arici
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Workplace Incivility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Contract Violation

PurposeThis multilevel study investigates the effect of employees' perception of nepotism on tolerance to workplace incivility through the mediating role of psychological contract violation and the moderating role of authentic leadership in organizations.Design/methodology/approachUsing time-lagged data from 547 frontline employees working in four- and five-star hotels, this study's hypotheses were analyzed by conducting hierarchical regression analysis and hierarchical linear modelling.FindingsThe findings indicate that non-family members' perception of nepotism triggered perceived tolerance to the uncivil behavior of family members by the management and that this relationship between nepotism perception and tolerance to workplace incivility was mediated by psychological contract violation. In line with expectations, authentic leadership moderated the effect of nepotism perception on tolerance to workplace incivility.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to examine the effects of nepotism perception on tolerance to workplace incivility by focusing on the mediator role of psychological contract violation at the individual level and the moderator role of authentic leadership at the group level.

scholarly journals Psychological contract violation and turnover intention

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Havana Sevcan Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Contract Breach ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Psychological Contract Violation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contract Violation

The purpose of this research was to examine the role of loyalty where employees perceive the effect on their psychological contract breach of the bank’s intention to leave the call centre operating in Turkey. For this purpose, the literature was examined and a research questionnaire was prepared based on the psychological contract violation (PC), intention to quit and perception of loyalty. This survey was used to collect data of 634 banking call centres operating in Turkey using the sampling method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 and LISREL 8.7 statistical package programmes were applied in the analysis of the research data. Structural equation modelling was used to test the research hypothesis. In the relationship between (PC) and turnover intention, employee-perceived loyalty has a partial mediating role. This result is considered important for bank managers and human resources specialists who want to improve their success and the quality of the service they offer to their customers. In this study, only the perceptions of the employee were examined. It is also recommended to examine the perceptions of managers working in different sectors.   Keywords: Loyalty, psychological contract violation, turnover intention.

A moderated mediation model of the relationship between organizational justice and turnover intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Burak Ekmekcioglu ◽  
Enver Aydogan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of organizational identification (OI) on the relationship between organizational justice (OJ) and turnover intention (TI), as well as the moderating role of psychological contract fulfillment (PCF) in those relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 339 employees of a financial institution in Turkey. Regression analyses were conducted to investigate a moderated mediation model. Findings This study found that OI was partially mediated the relationship between OJ and TI. The results also indicated that the indirect effect of OJ on TI through OI was moderated by PCF. Research limitations/implications The generalizability of the findings is limited. As this study is cross-sectional, causal inferences cannot be inferred regarding the hypothesized relationships. Practical implications To reduce TI, organizations should ensure the fair allocation of resources and rewards among employees. Moreover, organizations should pay attention to the expectations of employees and the promises made to them in an attempt to fulfill psychological contract obligations. Originality/value This study explores the mediating role of OI in the relationship between OJ and TI. In addition, this research sheds light on the moderating role of PCF in this mediation model.

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