Demands and Feasibilities of Open Building in Iranian Urban Context

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Mahta Mirmoghtadaee
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Wall Structures

Traditional Iranian houses, were built of heavy, voluminous building materials resulting in massive bearing wall structures. Such buildings had fixed architectural spaces, with defined boundaries and dimensions. However, the need for adaptability was fulfilled through creating multifunctional spaces, seasonal or even daily movements in the horizontal and vertical directions of house areas, and subdivision or expansion of the primary spaces. Urbanization in Iran is leading to gradual replacement of individual houses by residential complexes and apartments in which, the use of traditional design principles was lost, while solutions to enhance adaptability in the internal layouts have not yet developed. The paper concludes that open building may provide practical tools to enhance spatial variations in the new conditions. However, to take the first step towards this approach in Iran, some major issues such as "legal framework", "changing needs of Iranian families", "Iranian life styles" and "situation of industrial building production in Iran" have to be analyzed. Considering the mentioned factors, some recommendations for architectural design are proposed.

scholarly journals Large-span structures in diploma projects of students architects of RUDN University

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Iraida A. Mamieva
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Canonical Forms ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Thin Walled

At present, there is a renewed interest in the design and application of wall structures in architecture and construction. With the advent of modern computers, refined methods for calculating shells, new building materials, the development of differential geometry and the rapid growth of numerical methods of calculation, it became possible to create architectural masterpieces from shells of canonical and non-canonical forms, which can be the hallmark of a city or country. This emerging trend among young Russian and foreign specialists inspires optimism among scientists who are researching thin-walled shells. The article considers some results of the work of the Department of Civil Engineering of the Engineering Academy of the Peoples Friendship University of Russia on attracting students to architectural design and involving undergraduates in researches on architecture, the theory of thin-walled spatial structures and their application in construction and architecture. The publications of students in this field are presented.

scholarly journals Research on Reconstruction Design of Exterior Wall Materials and Structures of Industrial Architectural Heritage

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Yanming Wu ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Current View ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
And Performance

With the advent of the post-industrial era, China’s traditional industrial industry has gradually declined or transformed, leaving a large number of industrial buildings abandoned and idle. A majority of these existing industrial building heritages were built with original facade design, which cannot meet the requirements of the time and no longer fits into the new urban interface. From the perspective of language relationship in architecture, building skin and building space are two vital interdependent elements, and the study of building materials as a carrier has a significant impetus to the exploration of building skin. Therefore, the external wall material has naturally become an important factor directly related to the design and performance of the renovation of the industrial building heritages. Its performance and form largely influence or determine the possible ways and means of the transformation of the heritage facades. How should material performance be used to preserve the historical imprint of industrial heritage while conforming to contemporary aesthetics? What are the rules of material performance in the renovation of industrial buildings? These are the issues that needs to be considered and studied in the transformation of industrial building heritage.This paper studies the exterior wall materials and structures in the renovation of industrial building heritage facades, and uses reconstruction theory as a methodology to sort out effective strategies and methods for the material performance of industrial building heritage facade renovation. First it summarizes and elaborates the classification and performance characteristics of the materials of heritage facades as well as the principles and methods of facades transformation. Later it focuses on the practice and development of the renovation of facades in China’s industrial building heritages, taking the reform practice of Nanjing Hutchison Factory as an example. Combing the analysis and summary of the practical project with the theory, this paper helps improve the theoretical system of architectural skin materials within the scope of architectural design theory, summarizes the design concepts consistent with the current view, and conclude the corresponding architectural skin design strategy and methods.

Legal framework for improvement of agroecology by cultivating jerusalem artichoke

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Kosmii ◽  
Vasyl. Kasiianchuk ◽  
Ruslan Zhyrak ◽  
Ivan Krykhovetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Scientific Cognition

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and research the legal mechanisms which make it possible to improve agroecology through the organization of cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke.Methodology. The methodology includes comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific, theoretical, practical and applied material and development of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: dialectical, terminological, historical and legal, logical and normative, systemic and structural, functional, normative and dogmatic, generalization methods. Results. The process of analysis and research highlighted the possibilities of cultivating Jerusalem artichoke for improving agroecology, namely improving the ecological state of the atmosphere air and soil, preparing them for organic farming. The article contains examples of practical application of tubers of Jerusalem artichoke and herbage for the production of therapeutic and prophylactic products, alternative energy and highly efficient building materials. Scientific novelty. The study found that the authors summarized and systematized the levels of legal regulation in the field of using Jerusalem artichoke for improving agroecology, preparing soil for organic farming, in particular: the inter-sectoral level which covers the interaction of agricultural and environmental law in terms of cultivation and use of Jerusalem artichoke; the level of integrated environmental and legal regulation; level of individual resource (floristic) legal regulation; the level of environmental protection (anthropoprotection) legislation.Practical importance. The results of the study can be used in law-making and environmental protection activities related to issues of cultivating and using the Jerusalem artichoke as a means of improving agroecology.

Metal Coat of Modern Architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1379-1382
Author(s):  
Tie Xin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Metal Material ◽  
History Of

There has been a long history of applying metal to architecture. At the beginning, they just appeared in the structure of bridges, factories and storages, and then gradually turned up as a form of building structural materials in civil architecture such as markets, schools and office buildings. So all the time, metal like steel structure or hardware impresses people as a kind of industrialized building materials. With the development of architectural technology and the researching of characteristics of building materials, metal material has been brought in building skin design with brand-new appearance, and coruscate new vitality in the field of architectural design depending on full of variety of expressions and economic environmental character.

scholarly journals Reconciling Architectural Design with Seismic Codes

Prostor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1 (61)) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Cengiz Özmen
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Seismic Codes ◽  
Architectural Analysis

Seismic codes include strict requirements for the design and construction of mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings. These requirements call for the symmetric and regular arrangement of the structural system, increased cross-sections for columns, and the introduction of shear walls to counteract the effects of lateral seismic loads. It is challenging for architects to reconcile the demands of these codes with the spatial arrangement and commercial appeal of their designs. This study argues that such reconciliation is possible through an architectural analysis. First, the effectiveness of applying the seismic design principles required by the codes is demonstrated with the comparative analysis of two finite element models. Then three pairs of architectural models, representing the most common floor plan arrangements for such buildings in Turkey, are architecturally analyzed before and after the application of seismic design principles in terms of floor area and access to view. The results demonstrate that within the context defined by the methodology of this study, considerable seismic achievement can be achieved in mid-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings by the application of relatively few, basic design features by the architects.

scholarly journals Re-defining urban space through performance

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χαρίκλεια Μαρίνη
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Spatial Spectrum ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
City Life ◽  
Tate Modern ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dynamic Quality

This thesis contributes to discourses concerned with urban space and performancepractice. It identifies ways in which built environments become performative; how thebuilt environment performs meaning(s) within the urban context and how spatialpractices of contemporary performance engage with city-spaces. The programmingand order of urban space tends to fix meanings; increasingly regulated and singlepurposecity-spaces seem unable to react to informal or unplanned activities. However,this thesis suggests that urban space entails inherent opportunities for conceiving andpractising space otherwise and looks at a spatial spectrum – from leftover spaces toLondon’s landmarks. It analyses incomplete presences in the built environment andtheir unexpected (re)uses, which make urban space an arena of ideas, interaction andcreativity. It examines how spatial practices of performance, such as site-specificperformance, audio-walks and installations, inform our (re)thinking of space, itsmeaning and its re-appropriation. It argues that through performative concepts andactions, space manifests a changeable and dynamic quality, rather than motionlessness and inertia.The thesis involves an interdisciplinary approach employing geography, urban,architectural and performance studies. It looks at four types of built spaces that havebeen used for performance purposes; a disused warehouse at 21 Wapping Lane, theconverted power station housing the Tate Modern art gallery, the exterior of theNational Theatre’s building and the London district of Wapping. All of these sites areawaiting, or are undergoing, major alterations in their design or planning, involvingreconstruction and expansion, or total demolition. The uncertain future of these sitesand buildings, the inevitable decay of their material, and the temporality of the builtenvironment invite questions of architectural design and urban planning in terms ofperformance. The examination of these sites at this moment of change and thepotential impact of the redevelopment plans on city life make this research timely,since the thesis emphasises the imperative of re-defining concepts of space, planningstrategies, and design processes so as to imagine a less determinate, more creative urban space.

scholarly journals The economic and technological efciency of building producton in view of contemporary industrial building materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Tsapko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Industrial Building ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Efficiency of construction production, economic category, expressing the achievement of construction and installation organizations the greatest result of production while minimizing the cost of material and labor resources. This publication examines the possibility of improving the efficiency of construction production through the use of innovative building materials and methods of their application. The methodological problem of the use of building materials, their choice depending on the long-term economic prospects. The questions of risk and uncertainty in the selection of effective building materials are considered.

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