Applications of Nanomaterials in Architectural Design

Recently Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies play a major role in architectural design; building materials combined with nanotechnology became smaller, lighter, and work better than what is possible with conventional materials.Many distinguish applications have been established in architecture and construction industry, for example improving the performance of traditional building materials, both structural materials such as (concrete, steel and wood) and nonstructural materials such as (glass, coating, and Air purification).Presenting number of study cases for Nonstructural Nanomaterial applications.

Comparison Study for Art Centers in Greater Cairo To Achieve Heritage conservation

Art centers Art centers play an important role in building social connections and increasing the artistic sense of community in addition to enhancing peoples' creative skills and developing their analytical and intellectual abilities which lead to success. The vital role of art centers is developing the community traditional culture as well as calling for reviving the spirit of authenticity and preservation of cultural heritage.In Egypt Art Centers are worked asfunctional community centers that focus on supporting arts practice and facilities as art galleries act as museums that reflect many aspects of people’s lives.Educational facilities, workshops, a performing arts theatre, a fine arts library, music library, and dance and drawing studios supporting local communities and cover part of the gap between culture needs and available building and facilities in the city.Cairo’s role as the cultural capital of one of oldest civilizations in the world is reflected in the arts and architecture of all periods. Therefore, the art centers role in Greater Cairo varies to preserve and teach the traditional and new arts. Despite the emergence of museums in Egypt in the early nineteenth century, the establishment of art centers in Egypt in its current form began in the late fifties in the twentieth century. It appeared as new buildings or the reuse of heritage buildings. Its function is to revive and teach different types of art different periods, achieve conservation of identity, Cultural heritage and creating a new artistic value.This study will highlight the complex value of art centers buildings in Cairo with a comparison between its design, roles and methods of development. FromArchitects,Academicians, designers,andstudents point views toward sitting up a methodology for the design and development of arts centers in Greater Cairo.

The Vision of Paradise for People in Difficulties: The Solution Shown by a Russian Architect

The Eastern Orthodox is a minority in Japan. However, it played an important role in the modernization of architecture. This paper aims to review their early architectural activities, and further to uncover the influences they received from the Russian architect whose name was Mikhail Aref'evich Shchurupov.The architecture of Orthodox Church in Japan began from the conversion of existing private houses to chapels. The eclectic chapels followed them. The Resurrection Cathedral in Tokyo, designed by Shchurupov, made an epoch in the history of architecture in Japan. Needless to say, its greatest impact was on the Orthodox Church itself. The believers opened their eyes to the authentic western architecture. The churches at each stage can be seen in Kashiwa, Ishinomaki, and Odate.Shchurupov left a number of churches in Russia. Three of them, still existing around St. Petersburg, show the trajectory on which he explored the lightweight and inexpensive structure to build churches for the economically challenged parishes facing difficult geological conditions. At first, he showed a structural rationalism. Then, he tried to build a dome with wood. At last, he reached to the steel structure.At the Orthodox Churches, the division of interior space is emphasized and visualized. Each space symbolically plays various roles during the liturgy, and gives the believers the pseudo experience of the visit of heaven, which enables them to pass the faith across generations. The fact that the early believers in Japan projected the vision of paradise to the nave of their chapel means that they had reached the essence of church architecture.Shchurupov's architectural features were suitable to the Orthodox Church in Japan in various difficulties as a religious minority. His idea and concept reflected in the Resurrection Cathedral enabled the believers in Japan to maintain their worship facilities for a long time.

The Sacred Freespace

Keeping in the background the search for geometric-mathematical exactness, that in different cultures oversees the construction of sacred building and starting from the need to isolate it in order to make its "true form" recognizable, this paper analyzes features and conditions of the spaces of the city where different isolated and formally defined religious buildings coexist, as happens, for example, in Italian squares characterized by opposition between Cathedral and Baptistery. The Campo dei Miracoli in Pisa is assumed as a paradigm of in-between consecrated space in which several isolated buildings determine a tensional space and define a unique and unrepeatable configuration individuated among the multiple possible combinations of positions and architectural figures that is, according to Leibniz, expression of the idea of infinity. This kind of space looks for exactness not through closed forms but through relationships, positions and alignments of standing buildings and its rarefaction is directly connected with the idea of open city dispersed in nature proposed by modern architecture.

Toward Maintaining the Identification and Architectural Heritage to Develop the Historical Areas in Ain Al-Sira

Despite the State’s exerted efforts in preserving Egyptian monuments as tourist destinations, Ain Al-Sira area has been suffering from multiple problems. The modern construction arts within the historical area and its architectural heritage have been ignored, as well as the construction of contemporary residential buildings not related to the historical area. The purpose of the research is to develop the architectural heritage of the residential neighborhoods in Ain Al-Sira in line with the architectural facades of the ancient historical monuments with a view to the restoration of these monuments, which have changed their faces and their architectural efficiency due to their obsolescence, weather and time factors and overcoming the scarcity of maintenance and restoration works. The new research includes the development of interim strategies in the implementation of the restoration and development of monuments and architectural style of residential neighborhoods in the area of Ain Al-Sira.The motive of the research was the existence of a problem in the current local architectural formations, which is the lack of integration and harmony of ancient monuments with new neighborhoods and the imbalance between them. The descriptive and analytical approach has been followed to clarify existing effects and what is required to be developed The research dealt with the analysis and presentation of the importance and the historical background of the area of Ain Al-Sira, with its ancient monuments, that we came to the current residential and architectural form between the shape of ancient monuments and modern dwellings, as well as the presentation of architectural problems in the region. To propose appropriate solutions for the development of the region in accordance with local and international standards and laws in order to find the most appropriate methods for architectural processing and the research will contain: On the proposals and plans necessary to develop the architectural style between the old and modern in the area of Ain El – Sira .

Self-financing for Conservation Based on Global Experiences – Case Study Preserving the Architectural Heritage of Historical Tripoli, Lebanon

Funding has always been important for the continuity of any conservation project and the achievement of the desired results. Its impact is particularly evident in the projects regarding the heritage domains; it clearly shows the importance of having multiple participating bodies/entities and diverse self-funding sources without relying solely on governmental agencies or governmental funding, particularly in the developing countries where there is a clear deficiency in the countries' potential ability to meet the developmental needs of these heritage areas. The study aims to illustrate the relationship between continuity of financing operations and the sustainability of conservation projects. Financing and its efficiency equally affect all the phases of the project: the pre-implementation stage, the implementation stage, and the post-implementation/operation stage (maintenance and follow-up). This is due to the fact that financing operations do not only affect the possibility of implementing a project, but also affect the quality level of the preservation, whereby buildings lose their values both tangible and intangible. This is due to the inaccuracy of studies, lack of precise equipment for work or lack of analyzing the different possibilities that might lead to the destruction or damage of buildings. In this context, light will be shed on different cases and models of global conservation projects in several countries by investigating and analysing its financial aspects to establish the different circumstances surrounding each project, such as goals and stages, and identifying the positive and negative points of each project. This will be done through several axes, legal, managerial, financial, and popular participation, the most important of which is the self-financing aspect. Each case will be discussed and evaluated separately at the level of the building, urbanization and society as an integrated system to demonstrate their characteristics, namely successful architecture, historical gatherings, and surrounding community life. The paper proposes some methods for dealing with historic buildings as part of the urban and architectural heritage, where the legal, managerial, financial and community participation, especially the self-financing level, are considered in order to conserve these buildings.

The Impact of the Religious Dimension as Building, Urban Fabric and the Social Behavior of the Population

I knew architecture grew since the ages of prehistoric and was the goal of the appearance of architecture at first in order to meet the need and protection from surrounding risks, but with the evolution of architecture through the ages, and the concept of civilization that appeared with the development of architecture gave a special identity to architecture. like Mesopotamia in Iraqi architecture, Egyptian architecture shows African, Romanian Greek, and Islamic architecture. The Byzantine Empire which covered most regions of the world saw the emergence of a very Christian architecture in Italy and the Vatican Gothic factor was the development of this architecture. Prothera next to the religious and ideological thought and philosophy closer to the god of, this architecture was thought the mainstream has actually contributed to the development of architecture during the ages.In this study, we will study the Islamic building in the North Africa region, which spread in the 10th century and was founded by The Abadites who were Kharijites and spread in the north of the Algerian desert, specifically in the city of Ghardaia in Wadi M'zab. 550 km from Algiers. This city is designed for social life, and this city is an inspiration for urban planners today. This city has been described in the Book of Lights Mazab of the French Orientalist where he said that her charm attracts visitors to it in one of the pages of this book.This architecture was characterized by: an inherent system of architecture, a mixture of practical creativity, which was characterized by steadfastness so as to stay adapted and adapted to the difficult climate and nature of the region, and the maintenance of the neighborhood rights supported by a arsenal of ethical systems and customs expressed in the harem. Both inside the palace or at specific distances outside their walls ... Which is covered by a beautiful aesthetic touch and an almost unique architectural feature.Through this study we will explain how They were affected of the building and the urban fabric of the area and the inhabitants of Wadi M'zab affected the religious dimension, how did urban fabric Wade M'zab preserve his building authenticity in terms of the form and mix of art and creativity that appears in urban and Wadi M'zab.

Religions Culture Sharps the Space

Religious culture shapes the characters of space and it reflects people’s attitudes towards the relationships between people and gods. Every religious architecture, such as a temple or a church, demonstrates its physical connections with life. This paper focuses on comparing different countries’ religious architectures to better understand the dominant cultural elements which influence design concepts of these architectures. In Western cultures, the religious architecture format is the church. However, Tadao Ando designs the Church of the Light with oriental features. It changes western religious cultures to adapt to local conditions. Ando’s work is just one of many examples in which the local culture can transform religious architecture form with their own characters, and nake it become an iconic mark to represent their country. This paper, analyzing project thinking and development invovling a local citizen, user, artist, and architect, tries to find out how design concepts, decisions on site location, and construction method will be determined. In these case studies on architectural formats from all over the world, this paper uses valuable data to show what elements will be the most critical ones to influence people’s thinking about religious cultures and religious architectural transformation. Furthermore, in this research, it compares religious cultural characters between western and oriental regions. This research also answers questions about how cultures change local people’s behaviors. This is the most valuable point of religious architectures, because they can comfort people and mitigate their sorrow. The research demonstrates how religious cultures and understanding about life can further develop architecture forms. Local materials and conditions are key factors which greatly influence architectural designs. Moreover, this paper compares the latest technology and development of construction materials to illustrate how technology reshapes religious designs in our age. It links local cultures with contemporary architectures to help local architectures continue to develop with their unique characters instead of being eliminated by globalization.

The Wheel and the Cloister in the Rule of Seclusion: Architectural Elements or Elements of a Communication System?

When Walter Benjamin describes Naples, he defines its architecture ’porous like this stone’ assimilating the structural characteristic of the tuff to an architectural model, characterized by voids and openings that create an interpenetration between interior and exterior. These continuous breakthroughs also characterize the life of Neapolitans who are used to living the street as part of social life. Right in the historical centre, where these dynamics are deeply present, there are some cloistered convents that by definition are closed to the city. This paper investigates sacred architecture not as a celebrative space, but as a place of living for religious communities. The focus is on the monasteries: peculiar structures deeply marked in the architecture by the need for confidentiality and therefore to create filters, physical and visual, with the rest of the urban area. The convents of Naples, through the wheels (intended for the passage of offerings) and through the cloisters, establish a relationship with the city that over the centuries has changed with a progressive opening to the inhabitants who are now allowed to get closer to these realities. The research finally deepens the architecture of the convent of Santa Maria in Gerusalemme, commonly known as the monastery of ‘the Thirty-three’, adjacent to the historical hospital of the Incurabili with which it shares its origins since both were founded by the Venerable Maria Lorenza Longo. Despite the closure and the high fence wall, the presence of the monastery is very strong: it is a reference and a listening point, where the ancient wooden wheel still represents a way of communication between the residents of the district and the nuns. In the same way, the cloister and the refectory have transformed their function over the centuries, becoming spaces for public events, while remaining in line with the rules of the Order.The study of the structure and dynamics of communication from/to the convent proposes a reflection on the transformations of religious architecture in the urban context and on the changes in language and meaning of the architectural elements characterizing the monastery.

Renewed spirituality in cloistered architecture in Naples

The object of study is the cloistered architecture with particular attention to the cloisters of Santa Maria della Sanità and San Severo in Naples. Among the different environments that characterize a convent or monastery, the cloister is the main element of religious life, the central nucleus of the activities carried out collectively. Typologically, the distinctive features of the cloister can be identified in the following: position within the religious complex; presence of porch, garden, well; variety of shape and planimetric dimension. The cloister of Santa Maria della Sanità has an unusual ovate shape. This cloister was severely tampered with by the construction of the bridge of Sanità in the French decade. This intervention brought the cloister into oblivion and decay like that of San Severo. Recently the cloisters have been restored to new social use to promote inclusion and diversity.