Central American security cooperation to target gangs

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Central American ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Significance One major step to that end was the agreement in August to increase cooperation to tackle gang activity with the creation of a trinational force. Impacts Stemming funding will be key to meaningful progress in combating organised criminal activity. November's US presidential election is an uncertainty in terms of how the Central American security issue will be addressed. Broader security cooperation would require a fully regional approach, probably through the Central American Integration System (SICA).

China-Japan relations set for new downturn

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Defence System ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Significance Recent events suggest this is about to change. Impacts Washington will press Japan to buy other US equipment after Tokyo cancelled the Aegis Ashore missile defence system. India’s and Australia’s confrontations with China will make them more willing security partners for Japan. A Democrat victory in the US presidential election would likely stabilise the alliance, but not remove US pressure on Japan vis-a-vis China. Japan will seek security cooperation with European partners, which will be more receptive due to their growing misgivings about China.

Central American security cooperation will be weak

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central American ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Common Security

Subject SICA's relative ineffectiveness. Significance The partial withdrawal of Costa Rica from the Central America Integration System (SICA) on December 18 serves to highlight underlying regional tensions that undermine the effectiveness of the body. At the same time, common security challenges mean cooperation has become increasingly important. Impacts Costa Rica's dispute with SICA is likely to be short-lived. However, territorial issues will drive periodic tensions between countries. Without greater resourcing, security cooperation will have limited effect.

Why Trump and Clinton won and lost: the roles of hypermasculinity and androgyny

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary N. Powell ◽  
D. Anthony Butterfield ◽  
Xueting Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” (IP) and presidential candidates in the 2016 US presidential election in relation to gender stereotypes and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach In all, 378 business students assessed perceptions of either the IP or a particular candidate on measures of masculinity and femininity. Androgyny (balance of masculinity and femininity) and hypermasculinity (extremely high masculinity) scores were calculated from these measures. Findings The IP was perceived as higher in masculinity than femininity, but less similar to the male (Donald Trump) than the female (Hillary Clinton) candidate. IP perceptions were more androgynous than in the 2008 US presidential election. Respondents’ political preferences were related to their IP perceptions on hypermasculinity, which in turn were consistent with perceptions of their preferred candidate. Social implications Trump’s high hypermasculinity scores may explain why he won the electoral college vote, whereas Clinton’s being perceived as more similar to the IP, and IP perceptions’ becoming more androgynous over time, may explain why she won the popular vote. Originality/value The study extends the literature on the linkages between gender stereotypes and leader prototypes in two respects. Contrary to the general assumption of a shared leader prototype, it demonstrates the existence of different leader prototypes according to political preference. The hypermasculinity construct, which was introduced to interpret leader prototypes in light of Trump’s candidacy and election, represents a valuable addition to the literature with potentially greater explanatory power than masculinity in some situations.

US election raises doubts over Japan-US alliance

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Campaign Rhetoric ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
East Asia Region ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

Subject The implications for Japan of the US presidential election. Significance US presidential election campaign rhetoric has sparked serious concerns in Japan about Washington's commitment to the East Asia region in the context of a long-term rise in geopolitical tensions. Republican candidate Donald Trump has publicly questioned the value of the US-Japan alliance, while Democratic Party candidate Hillary Clinton has muted her previous support for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement, seen as the economic component of the US 'rebalance' to Asia under President Barack Obama's administration. Impacts Doubts about the US commitment to the region work to Beijing's advantage. The US government's likely failure to ratify the TPP will damage perceptions of Washington's commitment to the region. Though occasionally mooted, the idea of developing nuclear weapons is a non-starter in Japan.

Panama security gains will be challenging to maintain

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
International Security ◽  
Central American ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Public Pressure ◽  
Novel Approaches

Subject Despite being situated in one of the world's most notorious drug trafficking regions, Panama enjoys comparative peace and security. Significance Panama is emerging as an outlier in Central America, with homicide rates falling as a result of novel approaches to dealing with gang violence and drug trafficking. This raises questions about whether the country offers lessons that could be applied elsewhere in the region. Impacts Panama will remain at the forefront of international security cooperation. Corruption and public pressure for a tough approach could undermine security gains in Panama. There is little prospect of other Central American countries being able to replicate Panama's security strategy.

Refugee surge creates Belize security fears

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gang Activity ◽  
To Receive

Subject Belize migration and security. Significance High levels of gang-related violence, and a tougher approach to migration in the United States, have sparked a surge in refugees seeking to enter Belize from the Northern Triangle countries of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. However, Belizean authorities are reluctant to receive them, citing concerns about the potential for increased gang activity. Impacts Belize’s location could see it become an important transit point in the international drug trade. There is potential for conflict between Central American and Belizean gangs. Costa Rica’s strong institutions make it relatively well equipped to deal with an influx of refugees.

Preventing US election interference may be too late

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Media Manipulation

Significance With the 2020 US presidential election looming, there is more attention to the threat of foreign interference. In the 2016 presidential election, Russia carried out a broad information campaign consisting of fake social media accounts and targeted adverts spreading divisive political content to polarise the electorate. Impacts Trust in the results of elections worldwide will continue to decrease. Voters will doubt the veracity of the information they receive even in the absence of interference. The black market for social media manipulation tools will grow.

Suga will hold Japan steady in short term only

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Significance He leaves office having failed to achieve his ambition to reform Japan’s constitution, and is widely seen as having mismanaged the most serious public health crisis in decades. Impacts New foreign policy initiatives are unlikely until after the US presidential election. Abe could make a decision before leaving office on whether Japan should acquire pre-emptive strike capabilities. No moves on constitution revision are likely for the next twelve months at least. Japan would be at a disadvantage if a foreign policy crisis were to occur in the next twelve months, and the next few weeks in particular. Whether the Olympics next summer go well will have some influence on whether Suga stays on as leader.

OECD and EU cannot count on Biden backing digital tax

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Democratic Candidate ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Us Senate

Significance Signs that Democratic candidate Joe Biden is likely to secure a narrow victory in the US presidential election will boost the Commission’s hopes for global consensus and better transatlantic dialogue on digital taxes. Impacts Despite Brexit, the United Kingdom will support EU calls for a digital tax. The list of countries imposing unilateral digital taxes will continue to grow as pandemic-induced recession bites. The precise bipartisan balance of the US Senate will determine the extent of tech-related policy changes under Biden.

Polling will proliferate despite UK 'Brexit' failure

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Market Volatility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Us Senate ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
The Eu

Subject 'Brexit' polling. Significance On June 23, the pound swung wildly: final polls on whether the United Kingdom should leave the EU ('Brexit') had shown a 4-percentage-point lead for 'Remain', only for the final result to be the opposite. Pollsters have been criticised for their failure to predict both this result and the 2015 UK general election outcome, even as qualitative analysts have also been criticised for missing the results. Impacts The US presidential election is immune from most polling failures, given its hyper-coverage and the discrete decisions of swing states. US Senate and House of Representatives elections are much more difficult to poll, leading to likely market volatility in early November. Changes in communication methods are sparking debates about how a representative sample of the population can be reached best.

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