New Russia sanctions may strain EU-US relations

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Significance The unilateral move is raising concerns in Europe that EU energy companies could be sanctioned and that transatlantic unity on sanctions could be jeopardised. Impacts The bill could cause a further deterioration in US-Russian ties and weaken Trump’s ability to improve relations with Moscow. Less EU-US coordination on sanctions could bring internal EU divisions to the fore. Apart from Nord Stream 2, the sanctions could also affect the Blue Stream pipeline and a liquified natural gas plant in the Gulf of Finland.

Russia plans to enter global hydrogen market

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chamber Of Commerce ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Change Mitigation

Significance Interest in hydrogen stems mainly from a recognition that global markets and regulation will change, rather than domestic pressure for climate change mitigation. Natural gas producer Gazprom, liquified natural gas (LNG) specialist Novatek and government-controlled nuclear and hydroelectric companies Rosatom and Rusgidro are expected to play leading roles, but ambitions are modest. Impacts Hydrogen development will be led by firms with interests in natural gas or electricity, both key inputs. The German-Russian Chamber of Commerce will push hydrogen development as a way of marrying bilateral expertise and capacity. There is talk of using the Nord Stream 2 pipeline to carry a hydrogen-methane mix, or even of a dedicated third pipeline.

Conjugates (Charophyta, Conjugatophyceae) of the Kader bog (Leningrad region, Kurgalsky reserve)

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Aliya F. Luknitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Main Gas Pipeline ◽  
High Diversity

The Kurgalsky Nature Complex Reserve is located in the Kingisepp District of the Leningrad Region, 45 km northwest of Kingisepp. The territory of the reserve includes the Kurgalsky peninsula, as well as the adjacent waters of the Gulf of Finland. The Kader swamp massif is located in the south of the Kurgalsky Peninsula. The state of the autochthonous vegetation cover of the Kader swamp was considered in connection with the laying of the main gas pipeline under «the Nord Stream–2» project. The revealed high diversity of desmids (48 species), as well as their abundance, the frequency of occurrence and the presence of species rare in other habitats of the Leningrad region, indicates the inviolability of the freshwater algae flora, favorable environmental conditions in water bodies and the absence of anthropogenic transformation of the studied territory.

More sanctions support US interests but not activity

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic

Subject US sanctions. Significance The US government views the new Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, running from Russia to Germany under the Baltic Sea, as increasing European dependence on Russian fuels when the Russian government is reasserting its influence in Eastern and Central Europe. The US administration has imposed extraterritorial sanctions against corporations constructing the pipeline. This may simply be a tactic to encourage more European purchases of US natural gas, but it is also consistent with the US administration’s mercantilist attitude towards trade. Impacts Nord Stream 2 sanctions will hurt some European firms, akin to the effect of US sanctions against European firms still operating in Iran. No evidence shows that the US policy is improving firms’ sales, which may discourage firms from currying favour with the administration. The US corruption probe into Airbus may boost Boeing and Lockheed Martin in the US market and make it harder for China’s COMAC to enter.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in sediments of the Gulf of Finland : a review

Baltica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emelyan Emelyanov ◽  
Henry Vallius ◽  
Victor Kravtsov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

The Gulf of Finland has during the last centuries been loaded with heavy metals of anthropogenic origin. Work with mapping of the chemistry of the sediments have been done in all surrounding countries during several decades, first in the Soviet Union and later in Russia and similarly in Finland. More recent sediment chemistry data from the last two decades was in this study combined into sediment chemistry maps added with some data from the commercial Nord Stream project. The result shows that zinc, copper and chromium are enriched in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, while mercury, cadmium and lead are showing the highest concentrations in the north- eastern part of the gulf.

German-Russian ties should survive Navalny attack

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North West ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
The North ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Eu

Significance Leading politicians have called for the cancellation for the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany, while NATO and the EU are considering fresh sanctions on Russian individuals in the military and intelligence services. Impacts Germany will likely increase its capacity for importing US LNG, focusing on the Wilhelmshaven and Brunsbuettel terminals in the north-west. Russia's questioning of Germany's investigation of the poisoning will make Berlin more vigilant over Russian disinformation efforts. Continuing to 'work' with Russia could undermine German credibility in Poland, the Baltic states and Ukraine.

Russian gas exports may see uptick in fourth quarter

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Dominant Supplier

Significance Before the COVID-19 related downturn in demand, Gazprom's position as Europe's dominant supplier was challenged by higher liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports. The company is being threatened with further US sanctions as the Nord Stream 2 pipeline nears completion. Impacts Novatek's innovative Arctic projects place it ahead of Gazprom on LNG development and it will remain a serious competitor. Gazprom is determined to boost its own LNG capacity with a third unit at its Sakhalin-2 plant and a new LNG plant in Leningrad region. Low gas prices will be a deterrent to sudden spikes in LNG imports to Europe.

Russian gas supply to EU will intertwine with politics

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
European Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Gas Supply

Significance Worries over supply shortages persist despite President Vladimir Putin's promise to increase deliveries. Russian output is close to the limit of current capacity and domestic demand is rising. European claims that Russia is withholding gas for political ends are linked to fears of conflict in Ukraine and controversy over the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. Impacts If gas shortages persist, Germany may approve limited flows through Nord Stream 2 before the pipeline is certified. Higher gas prices are a boost not only for Gazprom but also Novatek, Russia's largest liquefied natural gas exporter. Oil giant Rosneft may realise its long-held ambition to break Gazprom's monopoly on gas exports. Pipeline gas sales to China will remain uncorrelated with European market developments.

Zooplankton of Koporskaya Bay of the Gulf of Finland in the Zone of the Influence of the Leningrad NPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
M. Ye. Makushenko ◽  
D. V. Kulakov ◽  
Ye. A. Vereshchagina
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland
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