China's economy will struggle to halt secular slowdown

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strong Force ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Global Growth ◽  
China’S Economy

Significance Comparisons with two formerly fast-growing Asian neighbours, Japan and South Korea, suggest that China will continue to slow for another decade. Analysis of global growth trends over 50 years points to a strong force of ‘regression to the mean’, meaning that continued high-speed growth is statistically unlikely. Impacts Continued Chinese economic slowing will reduce global demand for resources such as iron ore and coal. Achieving productivity growth will require deepening reforms to increase the role of the market, the private sector and competition. World Bank economists emphasise that imposing stricter financial discipline is a key step to enhancing market-based productivity gains.

Prospects for the global economy in the fourth quarter

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Global Growth ◽  
China’S Economy

Subject Prospects for the global economy in the fourth quarter. Significance Three threats are on the horizon. Firstly, the US Federal Reserve (Fed) might raise interest rates this year. This move, though well signalled, may have negative repercussions, especially in emerging markets (EMs). Secondly, China's economy, a key to global growth, is slowing and its financial markets are exceptionally volatile. These factors have already elicited policy interventions such as renminbi depreciation and further rate cuts by the People's Bank of China (PBoC). Finally, there is no apparent end in sight to weak global demand and the fall in commodities prices that has left commodity-exporting countries struggling with precipitous drops in revenue.

The cultural dividend: a hidden source of economic growth in emerging countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaomin Li ◽  
Seung Ho Park ◽  
David Duden Selover
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Productivity Gains

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the theoretical linkage between culture and economic growth and empirically test the relationship by measuring culture and how it affects labor productivity. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a cross-section study of developing countries and regresses economic productivity growth on a set of control variables and cultural factors. Findings It is found that three cultural factors, economic attitudes, political attitudes, and attitudes towards the family, affect economic productivity growth. Originality/value Many economists ignore culture as a factor in economic growth, either because they discount the value of culture or because they have no simple way to quantify culture, resulting in the role of culture being under-researched. The study is the first to extensively examine the role of culture in productivity growth using large-scale data sources. The authors show that culture plays an important role in productivity gains across countries, contributing to the study of the effects of culture on economic development, and that culture can be empirically measured and linked to an activity that directly affects the economic growth – labor productivity.

Are there dynamic productivity gains from agricultural trade?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanki Moon
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
Dynamic Gain

PurposeThe primary purpose of this paper is to take an in-depth look at the question of whether liberalizing trade in agriculture can generate dynamic productivity gains comparable to those in the manufacturing sector.Design/methodology/approachIn contrast to the manufacturing sector that has generated firm/plant-level trade data, there is a lack of farm-level trade data that are needed for empirical measurement of dynamic productivity gains. Therefore, the authors use thought experiments to analyze the sequence of events that would occur when trade is liberalized for agriculture; delineate the expected behaviors of the actors involved in the trade and draw inferences about whether there would be dynamic productivity gains from agricultural trade.FindingsThe central finding is that there would be little dynamic gain from agricultural trade at the farm level due to the limited role of producers in shaping their international competitiveness. Yet, agricultural trade may generate dynamic gains if states or input supply corporations respond to the freer trade environment by making more investments for research and development (R&D). Further, when intraindustry prevails, there can be productivity gains at the industry level due to the transfer of resources from less to more efficient farm producers.Originality/valueThe findings of the paper are expected to present insights into value for researchers working in the area of agricultural trade; for agricultural trade policymakers in developing countries and for trade negotiators engaged in reforming or designing World Trade Organization (WTO)’s trade rules for agriculture.

scholarly journals Role of Four Calcium Transport Proteins, Encoded bynca-1,nca-2,nca-3, andcax, in Maintaining Intracellular Calcium Levels in Neurospora crassa

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Bowman ◽  
Stephen Abreu ◽  
Emilio Margolles-Clark ◽  
Marija Draskovic ◽  
Emma Jean Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Fractions

ABSTRACTWe have examined the distribution of calcium inNeurospora crassaand investigated the role of four predicted calcium transport proteins. The results of cell fractionation experiments showed 4% of cellular calcium in mitochondria, approximately 11% in a dense vacuolar fraction, 40% in an insoluble form that copurifies with microsomes, and 40% in a high-speed supernatant, presumably from large vacuoles that had broken. Strains lacking NCA-1, a SERCA-type Ca2+-ATPase, or NCA-3, a PMC-type Ca2+-ATPase, had no obvious defects in growth or distribution of calcium. A strain lacking NCA-2, which is also a PMC-type Ca2+-ATPase, grew slowly in normal medium and was unable to grow in high concentrations of calcium tolerated by the wild type. Furthermore, when grown in normal concentrations of calcium (0.68 mM), this strain accumulated 4- to 10-fold more calcium than other strains, elevated in all cell fractions. The data suggest that NCA-2 functions in the plasma membrane to pump calcium out of the cell. In this way, it resembles the PMC-type enzymes of animal cells, not the Pmc1p enzyme inSaccharomyces cerevisiaethat resides in the vacuole. Strains lacking thecaxgene, which encodes a Ca2+/H+exchange protein in vacuolar membranes, accumulate very little calcium in the dense vacuolar fraction but have normal levels of calcium in other fractions. Thecaxknockout strain has no other observable phenotypes. These data suggest that “the vacuole” is heterogeneous and that the dense vacuolar fraction contains an organelle that is dependent upon the CAX transporter for accumulation of calcium, while other components of the vacuolar system have multiple calcium transporters.

Regulation of rCBF by intracortical vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing neurons

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Itakura ◽  
Hideyoshi Yokote ◽  
Takashi Okuno ◽  
Yutaka Naka ◽  
Kazuo Nakakita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Hydrogen Clearance ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

✓ The role of intracortical vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing neurons in the regulation of cortical blood flow was investigated in rats by immunohistochemical and hydrogen clearance methods. Immunohistochemical studies revealed an intimate association between intracortical VIP-containing neurons and small blood vessels. Intracortical injection of a VIP solution (10−5 M) produced significantly higher blood flow in the treated cortex (mean ± standard error of the mean: 46.2 ± 4.0 ml/100 gm/min) than in the untreated cortex (36.9 ± 2.4 ml/100 gm/min). These data suggest that intracortical VIP-containing neurons produce dilatation of intracortical blood vessels.

scholarly journals The machination of foreign direct investment flow to emerging markets – a focus on Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafiu Adewale Aregbeshola
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Productivity ◽  
Lm Test ◽  
Macroeconomic Fundamentals ◽  
Productivity Gains

Purpose The deterministic role of various macroeconomic fundamentals on the attractiveness of countries to inflow of FDI is well documented in literature. The role of market size, infrastructural development, inflation and exchange rates differential have been supported as determinants of FDI direction. However, no documented study has benefited from diverse measures of institutional adequacy as presented in this study. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts various econometric approaches that include descriptive statistics, fixed effects models, LM test of independence, feasible generalised least squares regression and SUR estimations. Findings This study unveils the specific impacts and explanatory power of each of the variables along country lines, and the author compares the results of some emerging markets in Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America to some selected countries in Africa. Using data set from various sources over a period of 44 years in a seemingly unrelated regression environment, this study suggests that poor technological capability, inadequate political system, weak productivity gains are major deterrents to the attractiveness of African countries to inflow of FDI. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this study revolves around availability of usable data, which compels the researcher to limit the focus and the span of time series. Practical implications The study suggests the need to improve institutional quality in emerging economies, especially countries in Africa in order to enhance their attractiveness to FDI inflow. More importantly, the study found that low capital productivity gains hinder the attractiveness of African emerging markets to FDI inflow. Social implications To alleviate poverty, attraction of FDI is considered important, and the improvement of institutional functionality in that regard is found to be important. The need to augment technological improvement is considered very important and critical. Originality/value This serves to confirm that the article entitled “The Machination of Foreign Direct Investment Flow to Emerging Markets – A focus on Africa” is my own original work, envisaged to contribute to the debate about the role of macroeconomic fundamentals, especially capital productivity gains as determinants of a country’s attractiveness to inflow of foreign capital in academic literature. All the sources used and consulted have been fully acknowledged by a way of complete referencing. The author hereby agrees to the terms and conditions as stipulated by the publisher and the editorial board of this prestigious journal.

Portfolio forming decisions: the role of intellectual capital

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Zavertiaeva
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sharpe Ratios ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a tool to categorize companies as potentially profitable on the basis of an intellectual capital (IC) analysis. Design/methodology/approach – The paper distinguishes two crucial attributions for picking shares: IC and capitalization of IC-based growth potential. Using these two attributions, the author creates a portfolio from a sample of European companies and annually rebalances it. To test its attractiveness, the author then compares the portfolio with benchmarks and random portfolios during the period from 2006 to 2013 using a Sharpe coefficient. Findings – The comparison of the constructed portfolio with the benchmarks demonstrates the importance of IC for market investors and the validity of the proposed tool. The Sharpe ratio of the portfolio is significantly higher than the mean and median Sharpe ratios of random portfolios. In addition, the importance of IC for choosing proper investment goal increases in crisis. Research limitations/implications – This investigation can be improved by analysing other IC such as the qualification of CEOs, participation of the company in business alliances, and a company’s innovation activity. In addition, the paper considers only European companies. Practical implications – The proposed tool provides a method to construct investment-attractive portfolios on the basis of IC. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the literature by identifying the underestimated shares on the basis of a company’s IC and by developing an algorithm to create an IC-based investment portfolio.

A high-speed world with fake news: brand managers take warning

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose In an increasingly dangerous era for brands because of the emergence of fake news on the internet, brand managers need to know what is happening with fake news. This study aims to present perspectives on how to cope in an era of fake news. Design/methodology/approach The author provides a general review of fake news and what its sudden rise means for brand managers. Findings The study highlights the importance of context for news and the role of institutions, such as businesses and governments. The study calls brand managers to slow down in the high-speed world of the infosphere to preserve the integrity of their brands. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by its time frame as the internet continues to evolve. However, for times when fake news presents a threat to brands and other institutions, the study is relevant. Practical implications Brand managers need to slow down their activity levels just as savvy readers need to slow down their own reading on the internet. By doing this, brand managers will be better able to defend their brands in an era characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA). Social implications The study suggests that resistance to fake news and its pernicious effects can be improved by taking an approach to processing content on the internet characterized by the scientific method. In this way, a context for news can be derived and fake news can be identified. In this way, societal trust can be improved. Originality/value This study is original because it analyzes the implications of fake news for brand managers and presents the most workable steps for identifying fake news.

Game-speed influence and brand attitude: mediating role of thought favorability in in-game advertising

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devika Vashisht ◽  
Surinder Mohan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
Heuristic Systematic Model ◽  
Brand Placements ◽  
Game Developers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of game-speed on brand attitude and mediating role of thought favorability in the speed-attitude relationship in the context of in-game advertising (IGA). Specifically, this investigation employs the Limited Capacity Model of Attention and the heuristic-systematic model to explain the conditions under which in-game brand placements form favorable or unfavorable thoughts about the game and the embedded brand, and subsequent brand attitude. Design/methodology/approach In total, 78 student-gamers participated in the study. One-tailed independent-samples t-tests and a path analysis were used for hypothesis testing. Findings Results revealed that fast-paced games resulted in higher thought favorability and more favorable brand attitude than the slow-paced games. Furthermore, the results also showed that thought favorability mediated the relationship of game-speed and brand attitude among Indian gamers. Research limitations/implications This paper adds to advertising literature from a non-traditional advertising perspective, primarily in the context of IGA, and explains the role played by game-speed as an antecedent to thought favorability that adds value to thought favorability and brand attitude relationship. Also, the study provides an important implication for the marketers that to generate more positive brand attitudes and high favorable thoughts, advertisers and game-developers must focus on high-speed games. Originality/value This study is the first in its stream toward understanding the mediating role of thought favorability in determining the persuasion effect on Indian gamers’ brand attitude in the context of online advertising from attention and elaboration perspectives.

scholarly journals Pertussis Serodiagnosis in Belgium from 1990 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Vincent ◽  
Caroline Rodeghiero ◽  
Romain Eylenbosch ◽  
Yvan Mans ◽  
Jeannine Swalus-Steenhouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Children And Young Adolescents ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

ABSTRACTDiagnosis of pertussis by culture and PCR is most sensitive when performed on nasopharyngeal specimens collected <2 weeks and <3 weeks, respectively, after the onset of clinical disease. Conversely, serological testing allows the diagnosis of patients (mostly adults) with less typical whooping cough symptoms, for whom clinical samples are often collected at later time points. Here, we report on a 20-year serodiagnostic survey of pertussis in Belgium from 1990 to 2009. In total, 13,163 patients were analyzed forBordetella pertussis-specific antibodies by agglutination, complement fixation, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. The number of positive pertussis cases detected by serodiagnosis ranged between 50 and 150 annually. The mean age of positive cases increased from 9.9 years in 1990 to 33.9 years in 2009. Whereas from 1990 to 2003, children and young adolescents made up the majority of cases, from 2004 onwards, cases were detected in all age groups and the distribution became bimodal, with a first peak at the age of 10 to 20 years and a second at the age of 35 to 50 years. In contrast, patients diagnosed since 2001 by PCR and/or culture were mostly children younger than 1 year of age. Despite extensive childhood vaccination campaigns, whooping cough is still present in Belgium. Our findings confirm the potential role of adults in the continued transmission of pertussis and strongly warrant booster or cocoon vaccinations in older age groups.

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